General Information

    • DRAMP ID

    • DRAMP00875

    • Peptide Name

    • Leaf cyclotide 1 (Vhl-1; Plant defensin)

    • Source

    • Viola hederacea (Australian violet)

    • Family

    • Belongs to the cyclotide family

    • Gene

    • Not found

    • Sequence

    • SISCGESCAMISFCFTEVIGCSCKNKVCYLN

    • Sequence Length

    • 31

    • Protein Existence

    • Protein level

Activity Information

    • Biological Activity

    • Antimicrobial, Antiviral

    • Target Organism

      • [Ref.18008336]Virus:HIV:inhibition the cytopathic effects of HIV-1 infection in cultured human T-lymphoblast (CEM-SS) cells(EC50=870 nM).

    • Hemolytic Activity

      • No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry

    • Cytotoxicity

    • No cytotoxicity information found in the reference(s) presented

    • Binding Target

    • Not found

Structure Information

    • Linear/Cyclic

    • Cyclic

    • N-terminal Modification

    • Cyclization (N termini to C termini)

    • C-terminal Modification

    • Cyclization (N termini to C termini)

    • Nonterminal Modifications and Unusual Amino Acids

    • Disulfide bonds between Cys4 and Cys21; Cys8 and Cys23; Cys13 and Cys28.

    • Stereochemistry

    • L

    • Structure

    • Combine helix and strand structure

    • Structure Description

    • Vhl-1 adopts a compact and well defined structure including a distorted triple-stranded beta-sheet, a short 3(10) helical segment and several turns. It is stabilized by three disulfide bonds, which, together with backbone segments, form a cyclic cystine knot motif. The three-disulfide bonds are almost completely buried into the protein core, and the six cysteines contribute only 3.8% to the molecular surface.

    • Helical Wheel Diagram

    • DRAMP00875 helical wheel diagram

    • PDB ID

    • 1ZA8 resolved by NMR.

    • Predicted Structure

    • There is no predicted structure for DRAMP00875.

Physicochemical Information

    • Formula

    • C140H223N35O45S7

    • Absent Amino Acids

    • DHPQRW

    • Common Amino Acids

    • C

    • Mass

    • 3340.94

    • PI

    • 5.85

    • Basic Residues

    • 2

    • Acidic Residues

    • 2

    • Hydrophobic Residues

    • 9

    • Net Charge

    • 0

    • Boman Index

    • -10.27

    • Hydrophobicity

    • 0.69

    • Aliphatic Index

    • 72.26

    • Half Life

      • Mammalian:1.9 hour
      • Yeast:>20 hour
      • E.coli:>10 hour

    • Extinction Coefficient Cystines

    • 1865

    • Absorbance 280nm

    • 62.17

    • Polar Residues

    • 17

DRAMP00875

DRAMP00875 chydropathy plot

Comments Information

    • Function

    • Probably participates in a plant defense mechanism. Has anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity.

    • Tissue specificity

    • Expressed in leaves.

    • PTM

    • Vhl-1 is a cyclic peptide which contains three disulfide bonds 4-21; 8-23; 14-28.

Literature Information

  • ·Literature 1

    • Title

    • Cyclotides as natural anti-HIV agents.

    • Reference

    • Biopolymers. 2008;90(1):51-60.

    • Author

    • Ireland DC, Wang CK, Wilson JA, Gustafson KR, Craik DJ.
  • ·Literature 2

    • Title

    • Isolation and characterization of novel cyclotides from Viola hederaceae: solution structure and anti-HIV activity of vhl-1, a leaf-specific expressed cyclotide.

    • Reference

    • J Biol Chem. 2005 Jun 10;280(23):22395-22405.

    • Author

    • Chen B, Colgrave ML, Daly NL, Rosengren KJ, Gustafson KR, Craik DJ.