• • DRAMP ID

  • DRAMP02294

• • Peptide Name

  • Gaegurin-4 (Gaegurin 4; GGN4; Frogs, amphibians, animals)

• • Source

  • Glandirana rugosa (Japanese wrinkled frog) (Rana rugosa)

• • Family

  • Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)

• • Gene

  • GGN4

• • Sequence

  • GILDTLKQFAKGVGKDLVKGAAQGVLSTVSCKLAKTC

• • Sequence Length

  • 37

• • UniProt Entry

  • P80398,Q91328,Q98TA6

• • Protein Existence

  • Protein level

• • Biological Activity

  • Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal, Antiprotozoal

• • Target Organism

  • • [Ref.7999137]Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus (MIC=2.5 µg/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=10 µg/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=10 µg/ml);
    • Gram-negative bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=25 µg/ml), Shigella dysentariae (MIC=25 µg/ml), Pseudomonas putida (MIC=100 µg/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=100 µg/ml), Eshchericia coli (MIC=75 µg/ml);
    • Fungi: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC=200 µg/ml), Candida albicans (MIC=200 µg/ml), Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=200 µg/ml), Proteus mirabilis (MIC>200 µg/ml), Serratia marcescens (MIC>200 µg/ml).

• • Hemolytic Activity

  • • [Ref.7999137] It has 0.50% hemolytic activity at 0.1 μg/ml, 0.74% hemolytic activity at 1 μg/ml, 0.78% hemolytic activity at 10 μg/ml, 1.67% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/ml against human red blood cells

• • Cytotoxicity

  • No cytotoxicity information found in the reference(s) presented

• • Binding Target

  • Not found

• • Linear/Cyclic

  • Cyclic

• • N-terminal Modification

  • Free

• • C-terminal Modification

  • Cyclization (Cys31 and Cys37)

• • Nonterminal Modifications and Unusual Amino Acids

  • Disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.

• • Stereochemistry

  • L

• • Structure

  • Alpha helix (3 helices; 22 residues)

• • Structure Description

  • In 100% H2O, Gaegurin 4 contains a nascent turn near its C-terminal Rana box. Under a more hydrophobic condition it forms two amphipathic helices, one long encompassing residues 2-23 and the other consisting of residues 25-34 (Ref.2).

• • Helical Wheel Diagram

  • 

• • PDB ID

  • 2G9L resolved by NMR.

• Predicted Structure

• There is no predicted structure for DRAMP02294.

DRAMP02294

• • Function

  • Has a broad spectrum of activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Has hemolytic activity against rabbit red cells.

• • Tissue specificity

  • Expressed by the skin glands.

• • PTM

  • Contains one disulfide bond 31-37.

• ·Literature 1

• • Title

  • Antimicrobial peptides from the skin of a Korean frog, Rana rugosa.

• • Pubmed ID

  • 7999137

• • Reference

  • Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Nov 30;205(1):948-954.

• • Author

  • Park JM, Jung JE, Lee BJ.

• ·Literature 2

• • Title

  • Solution structure and membrane interaction mode of an antimicrobial peptide gaegurin 4.

• • Pubmed ID

  • 17141187

• • Reference

  • Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Jan 19;352(3):592-597.

• • Author

  • Chi SW, Kim JS, Kim DH, Lee SH, Park YH, Han KH.

• ·Literature 3

• • Title

  • Structural organization and expression of the gaegurin 4 gene of Rana rugosa.

• • Pubmed ID

  • 11004488

• • Reference

  • Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Jun 21;1492(1):185-190.

• • Author

  • Kwon SY, Carlson BA, Park JM, Lee BJ.