DRAMP_ID	Sequence	Sequence_Length	Name	Swiss_Prot_Entry	Family	Gene	Source	Activity	Protein_existence	Structure	Structure_Description	PDB_ID	Comments	Target_Organism	Hemolytic_activity	Linear/Cyclic/Branched	N-terminal_Modification	C-terminal_Modification	Other_Modifications	Stereochemistry	Cytotoxicity	Binding_Traget	Pubmed_ID	Reference	Author	Title
DRAMP00005	SLGPAIKATRQVCPKATRFVTVSCKKSDCQ	30	Epicidin 280 (Bacteriocin)	O54220	Belongs to the lantibiotic family (Class I bacteriocin)	eciA	Staphylococcus epidermidis BN 280 (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Lanthionine-containing peptide antibiotic (lantibiotic) Transiently and partially depolarizes the transmembrane electrical potential and pH gradient of susceptible cells, inhibits the uptake of amino acids and depletes the intracellular ATP pool.
PTM: Maturation of lantibiotics involves the enzymic conversion of Thr, and Ser into dehydrated AA and the formation of thioether bonds with cysteine. This is followed by membrane translocation and cleavage of the modified precursor."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus simulans 22 (MIC=0.304 μg/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis 5 (MIC=3.85 μg/ml), Micrococcus luteus ATCC4698 (MIC=9.7 μg/ml), Staphylococcus carnosus TM300 (MIC=0.175 μg/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic (very possibly)	Oxypropionylation	Not metioned clearly	"There are possible lanthionine(Lan)/3-methyllanthionine(Me-Lan) structure association between Thr9 and Cys13, Thr21 and Cys24, Ser23 and Cys29."	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	9726851	Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Sep;64(9):3140-3146.	"Heidrich C, Pag U, Josten M, Metzger J, Jack RW, Bierbaum G, Jung G, Sahl HG."	"Isolation, characterization, and heterologous expression of the novel lantibiotic epicidin 280 and analysis of its biosynthetic gene cluster."
DRAMP00017	VTSWSLCTPGCTSPGGGSNCSFCC	24	Microbisporicin A1 (Bacteriocin)	No entry found	Belongs to the lantibiotic family (Class I bacteriocin)	Not found	Microbispora corallina (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"	Protein level	Rich	Not found	None	"Function: Microbisporicins A1 displayed similar antibacterial activity by selectively blocking peptidoglycan biosynthesis, leading to cytoplasmic accumulation of the UDP-linked precursor.
PTM: Microbisporicin A1 contains five ether rings: S3-C7, T8-C11, S13-C20, S18-C23, and S21-C24. Also, residues T2 and S5 are dehydrated, Trp4 is chlorinated and Pro14 is hydroxylated (3,4-dihydroxylation)."	"Human pathogens: L100 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538P (MIC≤0.13 μg/ml), L819 Staphylococcus aureus Smith ATCC19636 (MIC≤0.13 μg/ml), L1400 S. aureus MRSA (MIC≤0.13 μg/ml), L613 S. aureus MRSA (MIC≤0.13 μg/ml), L3798 S. aureus VISA (MIC=2 μg/ml), L3798 Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228 (MIC≤0.13 μg/ml), L1729 Staphylococcus haemolyticus met-r (MIC=8 μg/ml), L49 Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC≤0.13 μg/ml), L44 Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC≤0.13 μg/ml), L559 Enterococcus faecalis (MIC=1 μg/ml), L560 Enterococcus faecalis Van A (MIC=0.5 μg/ml), LA533 Enterococcus faecalis Van A (MIC=1 μg/ml), L568 Enterococcus faecium (MIC=2 μg/ml), L569 Enterococcus faecium Van A (MIC=1 μg/ml), LB518 E. faecium Van A (MIC=2 μg/ml), L884 Lactobacillus garviae (MIC=1 μg/ml), L148 Lactobacillus delbrueckii ATCC04797 (MIC=4 μg/ml), L3607 Clostridium perfringens ATCC13124 (MIC≤0.125 μg/ml), L4018 Clostridium difficile (MIC≤0.125 μg/ml), L4043 Clostridium butyricum (MIC≤0.125 μg/ml), Propionibacterium granulosum ATCC25564 (MIC=0.03 μg/ml), L1329 Propionibacterium acnes (MIC=0.5 μg/ml), Propionibacterium limphophylum ATCC27250 (MIC=0.015 μg/ml), L970 Haemophilus influenzae ATCC19418 (MIC=32 μg/ml), L76 Moraxella catarrhalis ATCC8176 (MIC=0.25 μg/ml), L1613 Neisseria meningitidis ATCC13090V (MIC=0.5 μg/ml), L997 Neisseria gonorrhoeae (MIC=0.25 μg/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Amidation and Cyclization	"①There are five thioether intramolecular bridges which link Ala3 and Ala7, Ala8 and Ala11, Ala13 and Ala20, Ala18 and Ala23, respectively. ②The residue at position 2 is (Z)-2,3-didehydrobutyrine (Dhb). ③The residue at position 4 is chloro-tryptophan (ClTrp). ④The residue at position 5 is 2,3-didehydroalanine. ⑤The residue at position 8 is 2-Aminobutyric acid (Abu). ⑥The residue at position 14 is bis-hydroxylated proline."	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18215770	Chem Biol. 2008 Jan;15(1):22-31.	"Castiglione F, Lazzarini A, Carrano L, Corti E, Ciciliato I, Gastaldo L, Candiani P, Losi D, Marinelli F, Selva E, Parenti F."	"Determining the structure and mode of action of microbisporicin, a potent lantibiotic active against multiresistant pathogens."
DRAMP00032	GNGVLKTISHECNMNTWQFLFTCC	24	Ruminococcin A (RumA; Bacteriocin)	"P83674, P83676, P83677, Q8VLK0, Q9K381, P83675, P83679, P83680, Q8VLK0"	Belongs to the type A lantibiotic family (Class I bacteriocin)	rumA1 AND rumA2 AND 	Ruminococcus gnavus & Ruminococcus hansenii (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Lanthionine-containing peptide antibiotic (lantibiotic) active on Gram-positive bacteria. The bactericidal activity of lantibiotics is based on depolarization of energized bacterial cytoplasmic membranes, initiated by the formation of aqueous transmembrane pores. Ruminococcin A is a broad spectrum bacteriocin exhibiting activity against a wide range of pathogenic clostridia and B.longum.
Developmental stage: Highest expression in mid to late logarithmic growth phase, after which expression decreases slowly before leveling off in the stationary growth phase.
Induction: By trypsin.
PTM: There are one didehydrobutyrine (Dhb) at T16, one lanthionine (S9-23) and two Beta-methyllanthionines (T7-C12; T22-C24)."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bifidobacterium longum (strain: ATCC 15707) (MIC=75 ?g/ml), Bacillus cereus (strain: Z4222, TZ415) (MIC=75 ?g/ml), Eubacterium contortum (strain: ATCC 25540) (MIC=32.5 ?g/ml), Ruminococcus obeum (strain: ATCC 29174) (MIC=32.5 ?g/ml), R. gnavus (strain: ATCC 29149) (MIC=75 ?g/ml), Clostridium perfringens (strain: CpA) (MIC=75 ?g/ml), Clostridium difficile serogroup A (strain: B-1) (MIC=75 ?g/ml), C. difficile serogroup C (strain: C253) (MIC=75 ?g/ml), C. difficile serogroup S3 (strain: 79685) (MIC=75 ?g/ml), C. botulinum type A (strain: CIP 38) (MIC=75 ?g/ml), C. botulinum type B (strain: NCTC 7273) (MIC=75 ?g/ml), C. botulinum type E (strain: NCTC 8266) (MIC=75 ?g/ml), C. bifermentans (strain: NCTC 506) (MIC=75 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic (very possibly)	Free	Cyclization (possibly)	"① It is highly probable that (i) Ser9 and the putative Cys23 and (ii) the putative His22 and Thr24 are associated in a Lanthionine (Lan) and a 3-methyllanthionine (Me-Lan) residue, respectively. ②The residues at position 7 and 16 are (Z)-2,3-didehydrobutyrine (Dhb)."	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Cell membrane	11526013##11741840##12089024	Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Sep;67(9):4111-4118.##J Bacteriol. 2002 Jan;184(1):18-28.##Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Jul;68(7):3424-3431.	"Dabard J, Bridonneau C, Phillipe C, Anglade P, Molle D, Nardi M, Ladiré M, Girardin H, Marcille F, Gomez A, Fons M.##Gomez A, Ladiré M, Marcille F, Fons M.##Marcille F, Gomez A, Joubert P, Ladiré M, Veau G, Clara A, Gavini F, Willems A, Fons M."	"Ruminococcin A, a new lantibiotic produced by a Ruminococcus gnavus strain isolated from human feces.##Trypsin mediates growth phase-dependent transcriptional tegulation of genes involved in biosynthesis of ruminococcin A, a lantibiotic produced by a Ruminococcus gnavus strain from a human intestinal microbiota.##Distribution of genes encoding the trypsin-dependent lantibiotic ruminococcin A among bacteria isolated from human fecal microbiota."
DRAMP00063	SSSGWLCTLTIECGTIICACR	21	Lantibiotic michiganin-A (Bacteriocin)	Q09T02	Belongs to the type B lantibiotic family (Class I bacteriocin)	micA	Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"MOA: The bactericidal activity of lantibiotics is based on depolarization of energized bacterial cytoplasmic membranes, initiated by the formation of aqueous transmembrane pores.
PTM: Maturation of lantibiotics involves the enzymic conversion of Thr, and Ser into dehydrated AA and the formation of thioether bonds with cysteine. The 62-67 beta-methyllanthionine thioether bond is oxidized to a sulfoxide. This is followed by membrane translocation and cleavage of the modified precursor"	Clavibacter michiganensis subspecies sepedonicus strain 2136 (MIC=30 pmol/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	"All of the threonine residues undergo dehydration, and three of them interact with cysteines via thioether bonds to form methyllanthionine bridges"	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16957199	Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Sep;72(9):5814-5821.	"Holtsmark I, Mantzilas D, Eijsink VG, Brurberg MB."	"Purification, characterization, and gene sequence of michiganin A, an actagardine-like lantibiotic produced by the tomato pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis."
DRAMP00068	MSWLNFLKYIAKYGKKAVSAAWKYKGKVLEWLNVGPTLEWVWQKLKKIAGL	51	Aureocin A53 (Bacteriocin)	Q8GPI4	Belongs to the class II bacteriocin	aucA	Staphylococcus aureus A53 (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Alpha helix	Not found	None	Function: Antibacterial peptide. It causes membrane permeation.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus simulans (MIC=100 nM), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus agalactiae, Micrococcus luteus (MIC=0.15 nM)."	[Ref.12054867] No hemolytic activity was detected when purified aureocin A53 was spotted on sheep blood agar plates (data not shown in the reference).	Linear	Formylation	Free	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Cell membrane	12054867	J Mol Biol. 2002 Jun 7;319(3):745-756.	"Netz DJ, Pohl R, Beck-Sickinger AG, Selmer T, Pierik AJ, Bastos Mdo C, Sahl HG."	"Biochemical characterisation and genetic analysis of aureocin A53, a new, atypical bacteriocin from Staphylococcus aureus."
DRAMP00069	EYHLMNGANGYLTRVNGKTVYRVTKDPVSAVFGVISNCWGSAGAGFGPQH	50	Garvieacin Q (GarQ; Bacteriocin)	No entry found	Belongs to the class II bacteriocin	Not found	Lactococcus garvieae BCC 43578 (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus coagulans JCM 2257, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115, L. garvieae strains, E. faecium D48S52, Lactobacillus plantarum BCC 9546, Lactobacillus sakeii JCM 1157, L. ivanovii DMST 9012 (MIC=0.1-1.6 uM)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	None	L	"[Ref.22210221] Purified GarQ, up to 1 mg/mL, was not cytotoxic to Vero (African green monkey kidney), HepG (human liver hepatocarcinoma) and Caco-2 (human colon adenocarcinoma) cell lines. Vero, HepG2 and Caco-2 have 94 ± 8, 97 ± 4 and 89 ± 7 % survival with indicated concentration (1mg/mL) of purified garvieacin Q compared to that of untreated control using the MTT assay."	Not found	22210221	Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012 Mar;78(5):1619-1623.	"Tosukhowong A, Zendo T, Visessanguan W, Roytrakul S, Pumpuang L, Jaresitthikunchai J, Sonomoto K."	"Garvieacin Q, a novel class II bacteriocin from Lactococcus garvieae BCC 43578."
DRAMP00074	ATRSYGNGVYCNNSKCWVNWGEAKENIAGIVISGWASGLAGMGH	44	Enterocin P (Pediocin-like peptide; Bacteriocin)	"O30434, Q0GFE0"	Belongs to the class IIa bacteriocin	entP	Enterococcus faecium P13 (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Bridge	Not found	None	"Function: Bacteriocin that inhibits the growth of wide range of Gram-positive bacterial species. Does not inhibit the growth of several strains of Gram-negative bacteria. No hemolytic activity against calf blood.
Biophysicochemical properties: pH dependence (Stable between pH 3.0 and pH 7.0); Temperature dependence (Thermostable, retains activity after heating at 100 and 121 degrees Celsius).
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 11-16."	"[Ref.9361419]Gram-positive bacteria: Pediococcus acidilactici (MIC=69 ng/ml), Pediococcus pentosaceus FBB61 (MIC=136 ng/ml), P. pntosaceus FBB63 (MIC=18 ng/ml), Lactococcus lactis BB24 (MIC=22 ng/ml), Enterococcus faecium (MIC=2 ng/ml), E. faecalis (MIC=238 ng/ml), Staphylococcus carnosus (MIC=139 ng/ml), Bacillus cereus (MIC=286 ng/ml), Clostridium sporogenes (MIC=4 ng/ml), Clostridium tyrobutyricum 3, 5CT (MIC=559 ng/ml), C. tyrobutyricum 1754 (MIC=412 ng/ml), Propionibacteruim sp P4 (MIC=37 ng/ml), Propionibacteruim sp P6 (MIC=26 ng/ml), Clostridium tyrobutyricum (MIC=4 ng/ml), Clostridium botulinum (MIC=259 ng/ml), Listeria monocytogenes 7973 (MIC=35 ng/ml), L. monocytogenes LI5sv1/2 (MIC=33 ng/ml), L. monocytogenes 5105 (MIC=18 ng/ml), L. monocytogenes L11sv4 (MIC=39 ng/ml), L. monocytogenes Scott A (MIC=125 ng/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=395 ng/ml), Streptococcus aureus 137 (MIC=190 ng/ml), S. aureus 196E (MIC=407 ng/ml), S. aureus 349 (MIC=221 ng/ml), S. aureus 361 (MIC=294 ng/ml), S. aureus 472 (MIC=269 ng/ml), Lactobacillus curvatus (MIC=17 ng/ml), L. fermentum (MIC=1 ng/ml), L. sake (MIC=144 ng/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	9361419##17103378	Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 Nov;63(11):4321-4330.##Mol Nutr Food Res. 2006 Dec;50(12):1229-1238.	"Cintas LM, Casaus P, H?varstein LS, Hern?ndez PE, Nes IF.##Arlindo S, Calo P, Franco C, Prado M, Cepeda A, Barros-Vel?zquez J."	"Biochemical and genetic characterization of enterocin P, a novel sec-dependent bacteriocin from Enterococcus faecium P13 with a broad antimicrobial spectrum.##Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of the enterocin P structural gene of Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from nonfermented animal foods."
DRAMP00089	TTKNYGNGVCNSVNWCQCGNVWASCNLATGCAAWLCKLA	39	Bacteriocin E50-52 (Preclinical)	P85148	Belongs to the class IIa bacteriocin	Not found	Enterococcus faecium (Streptococcus faecium) (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Bacteriocin active against the Gram-negative bacteria and the Gram-positive bacteria. When added to the drinking water of chickens, causes a decrease in the levels of Campylobacter jejuni and S. enteritidis in the ceca, and in the levels of S.enteritidis in the liver and spleen."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Campylobacter jejuni (MIC=0.025-6.4 ?g/ml), Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Escherichia coli O157:H7 (MIC<1.6 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=0.2-0.8 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=0.2-0.8 ?g/ml), Listeria monocytogenes (MIC=2-8 ?g/ml), Listeria grayi, Listeria innocua, Listeria ivanovii, Listeria denitrificans (MIC=32 ?g/ml), Morganella morganii, Salmonella spp., Shigella dysenteriae."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18293921	J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Mar 26;56(6):1942-1948.	"Svetoch EA, Eruslanov BV, Perelygin VV, Mitsevich EV, Mitsevich IP, Borzenkov VN, Levchuk VP, Svetoch OE, Kovalev YN, Stepanshin YG, Siragusa GR, Seal BS, Stern NJ."	Diverse antimicrobial killing by Enterococcus faecium E 50-52 bacteriocin.
DRAMP00090	VNYGNGVSCSKTKCSVNWGQAFQERYTAGINSFVSGVASGAGSIGRRP	48	Carnobacteriocin B2 (CbnB2; Bacteriocin)	P38580	Belongs to the class IIa bacteriocin	cbnB2	Carnobacterium piscicola LV18B (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Alpha helix (1 helices; 24 residues)	CbnB2 forms a disulfide bond and that this peptide has full antimicrobial activity. NMR results indicate that CbnB2 in TFE has a well-defined central helical structure (residues 18-39) but a disordered N terminus. And the central helical structure is conserved.	1CW5 resolved by NMR.	"Function: Has antibacterial activity against Listeria and Enterococcus.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 9-14."	"[Ref.8163526]Gram-positive bacteria: Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 4008 (MIC=2 AU/μg), Pediococcus parvulus ATCC 19371 (MIC=8 AU/μg), Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313 (MIC=32 AU/μg), Listeria innocua ATCC 33090 (MIC=16 AU/μg), Enterococcus faecium ATCC 11576 (MIC=16 AU/μg), Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433 (MIC=16 AU/μg), Enterococcus faecium ATCC 19434 (MIC=4 AU/μg)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	[Ref.8163526 & Ref.10569926] CbnB2 can easily form a disulfide bond between Cys9 and Cys14	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	8163526##9353214##10569926	J Biol Chem 1994; 269: 12204-12211.##Curr Microbiol. 1997 Dec;35(6):319-326.##Biochemistry. 1999 Nov 23;38(47):15438-15447.	"Quadri LE et al Stiles ME.##Herbin S, Mathieu F, Brul? F, Branlant C, Lefebvre G, Lebrihi A.##Wang Y, Henz ME, Gallagher NL, Chai S, Gibbs AC, Yan LZ, Stiles ME, Wishart DS, Vederas JC."	Chemical and genetic characterization of bacteriocins produced by Carnobacterium piscicola LV18B.##Characteristics and genetic determinants of bacteriocin activities produced by Carnobacterium piscicola CP5 isolated from cheese.##Solution structure of carnobacteriocin B2 and implications for structure-activity relationships among type IIa bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria.
DRAMP00105	SNDSLWYGVGQFMGKQANCITNHPVKHMIIPGYCLSKILG	40	Enterocin X alpha (Two-peptide bacteriocin)	No entry found	Belongs to the class IIa bacteriocin	enxA	Enterococcus faecium KU-B5 (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: EntXalpha and EntXbeta encode a double-glycine-type prepeptide with an 18-residue leader sequence, representing the typical structure of class II bacteriocin prepeptides. When combined, Xalpha and Xbeta display variably enhanced or reduced antibacterial activity toward a panel of indicators compared to each peptide individually. "	"Gram-positive bacteria: Enterococcus faecalis JCM 5803 (MIC=50.8 nM), Enterococcus faecalis OU510 (MIC=102 nM), Enterococcus faecium TUA 1344L (MIC=50.8 nM), Enterococcus hirae ATCC 10541 (MIC=50.8 nM), Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 (MIC=102 nM), Lactobacillus sakeii ssp.sakei JCM 1157 (MIC=50.8 nM), Lactococcus lactis ssp.cremoris ATCC 19257 (MIC=813 nM), Listeria innocua ATCC 33090 (MIC=25.4 nM)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	20418437	Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010 Jul;76(13):4542-4545. 	"Hu CB, Malaphan W, Zendo T, Nakayama J, Sonomoto K."	"Enterocin X, a novel two-peptide bacteriocin from Enterococcus faecium KU-B5, has an antibacterial spectrum entirely different from those of its component peptides."
DRAMP00106	IAPIIVAGLGYLVKDAWDHSDQIISGFKKGWNGGRRK	37	Enterocin X beta (Two-peptide bacteriocin)	No entry found	Belongs to the class IIa bacteriocin	enxB	Enterococcus faecium KU-B5 (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: EntXalpha and EntXbeta encode a double-glycine-type prepeptide with an 18-residue leader sequence, representing the typical structure of class II bacteriocin prepeptides. When combined, Xalpha and Xbeta display variably enhanced or reduced antibacterial activity toward a panel of indicators compared to each peptide individually. "	"Gram-positive bacteria: Enterococcus faecalis JCM 5803 (MIC=813 nM), Enterococcus faecalis OU510 (MIC=813 nM), E. faecium TUA 1344L (MIC=813 nM), Enterococcus hirae ATCC 10541 (MIC=406 nM), Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 (MIC=813 nM), Lactobacillus sakeii ssp.sakei JCM 1157 (MIC=102 nM), Bacillus circulans JCM 2504 (MIC=3250 nM), Bacillus coagulans JCM 2257 (MIC=3250 nM), Bacillus subtilis JCM 1465 (MIC=3250 nM), Listeria innocua ATCC 33090 (MIC=3250 nM)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	20418437	Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010 Jul;76(13):4542-4545. 	"Hu CB, Malaphan W, Zendo T, Nakayama J, Sonomoto K."	"Enterocin X, a novel two-peptide bacteriocin from Enterococcus faecium KU-B5, has an antibacterial spectrum entirely different from those of its component peptides."
DRAMP00107	TNYGNGVGVPDAIMAGIIKLIFIFNIRQGYNFGKKAT	37	Bacteriocin L-1077	No entry found	Belongs to the class IIa bacteriocin	Not found	Lactobacillus salivarius L-1077 (NRRL B-50053) (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Salmonella Enteritidis 1 (MIC=0.19 ug/ml), S. Enteritidis 4 (MIC=0.38 ug/ml), S. Enteritidis 204 (MIC=0.38 ug/ml), S. Enteritidis 237 (MIC=0.19 ug/ml), Salmonella Choleraesuis 434/4 (MIC=0.38 ug/ml), S. Choleraesuis 370 (MIC=0.19 ug/ml), Salmonella Typhimurium 483/6 (MIC=0.19 ug/ml), S. Typhimurium 44/8 (MIC=0.19 ug/ml), Salmonella Gallinarum-Pullorum (MIC=0.19 ug/ml), Escherichia coli HB 101 (MIC=0.19 ug/ml), E. coli-600 (MIC=0.19 ug/ml), E. coli O157:H7 Y-63 (MIC=0.19 ug/ml), E. coli O157:H7 G-35 (MIC=0.19 ug/ml), E. coli O157:H7 OD 30 (MIC=0.19 ug/ml), E. coli O157:H7 T lab 39 (MIC=0.19 ug/ml), Yersinia enterocolitica 03 (MIC=0.76 ug/ml), Y. enterocolitica 09 (MIC=0.76 ug/ml), Y. enterocolitica 11 (MIC=0.76 ug/ml), Citrobacter freundii (MIC=0.76 ug/ml), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=0.76 ug/ml), Shigella dysenteriae (MIC=0.76 ug/ml), Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 4 (MIC=0.76 ug/ml), Y. pseudotuberculosis 99/14 (MIC=0.76 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 508 (MIC=0.38 ug/ml), Proteus mirabilis (MIC=0.38 ug/ml), Morganella morganii (MIC=0.38 ?g/ml), Proteus vulgaris 7A (MIC=1.5 ug/ml),Campylobacter jejuni L-4 (MIC=0.09 ug/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Clostridium perfringens? 13124 (MIC=0.7 ug/ml), Listeria monocytogenes A 9-72 (MIC=0.19 ug/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=0.76 ug/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=0.76 ug/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21378051	Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Apr;77(8):2749-2754. 	"Svetoch EA, Eruslanov BV, Levchuk VP, Perelygin VV, Mitsevich EV, Mitsevich IP, Stepanshin J, Dyatlov I, Seal BS, Stern NJ."	"Isolation of Lactobacillus salivarius 1077 (NRRL B-50053) and characterization of its bacteriocin, including the antimicrobial activity spectrum."
DRAMP00126	FNRGGYNFGKSVRHVVDAIGSVAGIRGILKSIR	33	Plantaricin E (PlnE; Bacteriocin)	"P71470, Q7AKV7"	Belongs to the class IIb bacteriocin	plnE	Lactobacillus plantarum (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Alpha helix (3 helices; 19 residues)	"In DPC micelles, PlnE has an N-terminal alpha-helix (residues 10-21), and a C-terminal alpha-helix-like structure (residues 25-31). Both helices in plnE are amphiphilic, while the helix in plnF is polar in its N-terminal half and amphiphilic in its C-terminal half. PlnE has two GxxxG motifs which are putative helix-helix interaction motifs, one at residues 5 to 9 and one at residues 20 to 24."	2JUI resolved by NMR.	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Pediococcus pentosaceus Pac 1.0 (MIC=5 nM), Lactobacillus plantarum 965 (MIC=7 nM), Lactobacillus casei subsp.casei NCDO 161 (MIC=20 nM), Lactobacillus casei NCDO 2713 (MIC=150 nM), Lactobacillus sakei NCDO 2714 (MIC=4 nM), Lactobacillus viridescens NCDO 1655 (MIC=2 nM), Pediococcus pentosaceus NCDO 990 (MIC=30 nM), Lactobacillus sakei 706 (MIC=100 nM), Pediococcus acidilactici CH (MIC=10 nM), Lactobacillus curvatus 89 (MIC=5 nM). [PlnE:PlnF=1:1]"	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	There is a possible hydrogen bond/salt bridge between Asp17 and Arg26	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	8117074##18555030	Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Jan;60(1):160-166.##Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008 Nov;1784(11):1711-1719.	"Diep DB, H?varstein LS, Nissen-Meyer J, Nes IF.##Fimland N, Rogne P, Fimland G, Nissen-Meyer J, Kristiansen P.E."	"The gene encoding plantaricin A, a bacteriocin from Lactobacillus plantarum C11, is located on the same transcription unit as an agr-like regulatory system.##Three-dimensional structure of the two peptides that constitute the two-peptide bacteriocin plantaricin EF."
DRAMP00127	VFHAYSARGVRNNYKSAVGPADWVISAVRGFIHG	34	Plantaricin F (PlnF; Bacteriocin)	"P71469, Q7AKV8"	Belongs to the class IIb bacteriocin	plnF	Lactobacillus plantarum (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Alpha helix (1 helices; 26 residues)	"In DPC micelles, PlnF has a long central alpha-helix (residues 7-32) with a kink of 38+/-7 degrees at Pro20. There is some flexibility in the helix in the kink region. The helix in plnF is polar in its N-terminal half and amphiphilic in its C-terminal half. plnF has one such motif at residues 30 to 34. The helix in plnF is polar in its N-terminal half and amphiphilic in its C-terminal half. PlnF has one GxxxG motif at residues 30 to 34."	2RLW resolved by NMR.	"Function: A strain-specific antagonistic activity was detected at nanomolar concentrations when PlnE and PlnF were combined. Complementary peptides were at least 103 times more active when they were combined than when they were present individually, and optimal activity was obtained when the complementary peptides were present in approximately equal amounts."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Pediococcus pentosaceus Pac 1.0 (MIC=5 nM), Lactobacillus plantarum 965 (MIC=7 nM), Lactobacillus casei subsp.casei NCDO 161 (MIC=20 nM), Lactobacillus casei NCDO 2713 (MIC=150 nM), Lactobacillus sakei NCDO 2714 (MIC=4 nM), Lactobacillus viridescens NCDO 1655 (MIC=2 nM), Pediococcus pentosaceus NCDO 990 (MIC=30 nM), Lactobacillus sakei 706 (MIC=100 nM), Pediococcus acidilactici CH (MIC=10 nM), Lactobacillus curvatus 89 (MIC=5 nM). [PlnE:PlnF=1:1]"	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	There is a possible hydrogen bond/salt bridge between Asn12/Asn13 and Asp22	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	9603847##19538999##18555030	Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Jan;60(1):160-166.##Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Jun;64(6):2269-2272.##	"Diep DB, H?varstein LS, Nissen-Meyer J, Nes IF.##Anderssen EL, Diep DB, Nes IF, Eijsink VG, Nissen-Meyer J.##Fimland N, Rogne P, Fimland G, Nissen-Meyer J, Kristiansen P.E."	"The gene encoding plantaricin A, a bacteriocin from Lactobacillus plantarum C11, is located on the same transcription unit as an agr-like regulatory system.##Antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus plantarum C11: two new two-peptide bacteriocins, plantaricins EF and JK, and the induction factor plantaricin A.##Three-dimensional structure of the two peptides that constitute the two-peptide bacteriocin plantaricin EF."
DRAMP00128	GAWKNFWSSLRKGFYDGEAGRAIRR	25	Plantaricin J (PlnJ; Bacteriocin)	"P71461, Q7AKW6"	Belongs to the class IIb bacteriocin	plnJ	Lactobacillus plantarum C11 (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Alpha helix	"In DPC micelles, PlnJ has an N-terminal amphiphilic alpha-helix between Trp-3 and Tyr-15. Crucial residues: Gly-13 in PlnJ is very sensitive, giving more than a 100-fold reduction in activity when large residues replace glycine. Gly-20 in PlnJ was replaced, the activity was reduced less than 10-fold."	"2KHF, 2KHG resolved by NMR."	Function: A 1:1 ratio of PlnK and PlanJ is at least 1000 times more active than the individual peptide. 	"Gram-positive bacteria: Pediococcus pentosaceus Pac 1.0 (MIC=50 nM), Lactobacillus plantarum 965 (MIC=0.1 nM), L. sake NCDO 2714 (MIC=50 nM), Leptostylus viridescens NCDO 1655 (MIC=5 nM). [PlnJ:PlnK=1:1]"	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	9603847##19538999	Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Jun;64(6):2269-2272.##Peptides. 2009 Sep;30(9):1613-1621.	"Anderssen EL, Diep DB, Nes IF, Eijsink VG, Nissen-Meyer J.##Rogne P, Haugen C, Fimland G, Nissen-Meyer J, Kristiansen PE."	"Antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus plantarum C11: two new two-peptide bacteriocins, plantaricins EF and JK, and the induction factor plantaricin A.##Three-dimensional structure of the two-peptide bacteriocin plantaricin JK."
DRAMP00129	RRSRKNGIGYAIGYAFGAVERAVLGGSRDYNK	32	Plantaricin K (PlnK; Bacteriocin)	P71460	Belongs to the class IIb bacteriocin	plnK	Lactobacillus plantarum C11 (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Alpha helix 	"In DPC micelles, PlnK forms a central amphiphilic alpha-helix between Gly-9 and Leu-24. Crucial residues: Gly-17 in PlnK is very sensitive, giving more than a 100-fold reduction in activity when large residues replace glycine. Gly-7, Gly-9, Gly-24 and Gly-25 in PlnK were replaced, the activity was reduced less than 10-fold."	"2KEG, 2KEH resolved by NMR."	Function: A 1:1 ratio of PlnK and PlanJ is at least 1000 times more active than the individual peptide. 	"Gram-positive bacteria: Pediococcus pentosaceus Pac 1.0 (MIC=50 nM), Lactobacillus plantarum 965 (MIC=0.1 nM), L. sake NCDO 2714 (MIC=50 nM), Leptostylus viridescens NCDO 1655 (MIC=5 nM). [PlnJ:PlnK=1:1]"	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	9603847##19538999	Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Jun;64(6):2269-2272.##Peptides. 2009 Sep;30(9):1613-1621.	"Anderssen EL, Diep DB, Nes IF, Eijsink VG, Nissen-Meyer J.##Rogne P, Haugen C, Fimland G, Nissen-Meyer J, Kristiansen PE."	"Antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus plantarum C11: two new two-peptide bacteriocins, plantaricins EF and JK, and the induction factor plantaricin A.##Three-dimensional structure of the two-peptide bacteriocin plantaricin JK."
DRAMP00136	NRWYCNSAAGGVGGAAVCGLAGYVGEAKENIAGEVRKGWGMAGGFTHNKACKSFPGSGWASG	62	Enterocin E-760 (Bacteriocin)	P85147	Belongs to the class IIb bacteriocin	Not found	Enterococcus sp. (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: The enterocin demonstrated thermostability by retaining activity after 5 min at 100 degrees C and was stable at pH values between 5.0 and 8.7. However, activity was lost below pH 3.0 and above pH 9.5. No hemolytic activity."	"[Ref.18086839]Gram-positive bacteria: Listeria monocytogenes 9-72 (MIC=0.1 μg/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=1.6 μg/ml), S. aureus (MIC=1.6 μg/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: S. enterica serovar Enteritidis 1 (MIC=0.2 μg/ml), S. enterica serovar Enteritidis 4 (MIC=0.4 μg/ml), S. enterica serovar Enteritidis 204 (MIC=0.2 μg/ml), S. enterica serovar Enteritidis 237 (MIC=0.2 μg/ml), S. enterica serovar Choleraesuis 434/4 (MIC=0.4 μg/ml), S. enterica serovar Choleraesuis 370 (MIC=0.4 μg/ml), S. enterica serovar Typhimurium 383/60 (MIC=0.4 μg/ml), S. enterica serovar Typhimurium 320 (MIC=0.2 μg/ml), S. enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum (MIC=0.4 μg/ml), Escherichia coli HB101 (MIC=0.1 μg/ml), E. coli C600 (MIC=0.1 μg/ml), E. coli O157:H7 Y-63 (MIC=1.6 μg/ml), E. coli O157:H7 G-3 (MIC=1.6 μg/ml), E. coli O157:H7 OD-3 (MIC=1.6 μg/ml), E. coli O157:H7 T-39 (MIC=1.6 μg/ml), Yersinia enterocolitica 03 (MIC=0.1 μg/ml), Y. enterocolitica 09 (MIC=0.1 μg/ml), Y. enterocolitica 04 (MIC=0.1 μg/ml), Y. pseudotuberculosis ser 4 (MIC=3.2 μg/ml), Y. pseudotuberculosis 14 (MIC=3.2 μg/ml), Citrobacter freundii (MIC=1.6 μg/ml), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=3.2 μg/ml), Shigella dysenteriae (MIC=0.1 μg/ml), Campylobacter jejuni L4 (MIC=0.1 μg/ml), Campylobacter P 1-R (MIC=0.2 μg/ml), Campylobacter P-45 (MIC=0.4 μg/ml), Campylobacter lari R (MIC=0.2 μg/ml), Campylobacter LB 6-R (MIC=0.1 μg/ml), Campylobacter C/D (MIC=0.2 μg/ml),."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18086839	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Mar;52(3):1094-1100.	"Line JE, Svetoch EA, Eruslanov BV, Perelygin VV, Mitsevich EV, Mitsevich IP, Levchuk VP, Svetoch OE, Seal BS, Siragusa GR, Stern NJ."	Isolation and purification of enterocin E-760 with broad antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
DRAMP00171	LIDHLGAPRWAVDTILGAIAVGNLASWVLALVPGPGWAVKAGLATAAAIVKHQGKAAAAAW	61	Lactocyclicin Q (Bacteriocin)	B9ZZY0	Belongs to the class IIc bacteriocin	lycQ	Lactococcus sp. strain QU 12 (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Predicted	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Lactococcus sp.strain QU 12 (MIC=34.3 ?M), Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis JCM 7638 (MIC=0.141 ?M), L. lactis subsp.lactis ATCC 19435 (MIC=0.141 ?M), L. lactis subsp.lactis IL1403 (MIC=0.141 ?M), L. lactis QU 1 (MIC=0.141 ?M), L. lactis subsp.cremoris ATCC 19275 (MIC=0.283 ?M), Lactococcus raffinolactis JCM 5706 (MIC=0.71 ?M), Lactobacillus sakei subsp.sakei JCM 1157 (MIC=0.015 ?M), Lactobacillus casei subsp.casei JCM 1134 (MIC=2.27 ?M), Leuconostoc brevis JCM 1059 (MIC=1.14 ?M), L. acidophilus JCM 1132 (MIC=2.86 ?M), L. coryniformis subsp.coryniformis JCM 1164 (MIC=2.86 ?M), L. kimchii JCM 10707 (MIC=0.71 ?M), L. mesenteroides subsp.mesenteroides JCM 6124 (MIC=1.03 ?M), Weissella cibaria JCM 12495 (MIC=0.71 ?M), Pediococcus pentosaceus JCM 5885 (MIC=0.55 ?M), P. pentosaceus JCM 5890 (MIC=2.86 ?M), P. acidilactici JCM 8797 (MIC=2.86 ?M), P. dextrinicus JCM 5887 (MIC=0.141 ?M), Enterococcus faecium JCM5804 (MIC=0.71 ?M), E. hirae ATCC 10541 (MIC=0.71 ?M), E. durans NBRC 100479 (MIC=0.71 ?M), E. faecalis JCM 5803 (MIC=0.26 ?M), Streptococcus salivarius JCM 5707 (MIC=22.9 ?M), S. bovis JCM 5802 (MIC=22.9 ?M), Bacillus coagulans JCM 2257 (MIC=0.015 ?M), B. circulans JCM 2504 (MIC=0.031 ?M), B. subtilis JCM 1465 (MIC=0.064 ?M), B. cereus JCM 2152 (MIC=11.4 ?M), Micrococcus luteus IFO 12708 (MIC=5.7 ?M), Listeria innocua ATCC 33090 (MIC=1.03 ?M), L. monocytogenes ATCC BAA-679 (MIC=1.03 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus subsp.aureus ATCC 12600 (MIC=91.6 ?M);
Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli JM109 (MIC=34.3 ?M), E. coli NBRC 3301 (MIC=17.3 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Cyclization (N termini to C termini)	Cyclization (C termini to N termini)	The whole peptide has a cyclic structure in which N and C termini are bound to each other.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19139222##21948835	Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Mar;75(6):1552-1558.##Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Nov;77(22):8164-8170. 	"Sawa N, Zendo T, Kiyofuji J, Fujita K, Himeno K, Nakayama J, Sonomoto K.##Masuda Y, Ono H, Kitagawa H, Ito H, Mu F, Sawa N, Zendo T, Sonomoto K."	"Identification and characterization of lactocyclicin Q, a novel cyclic bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus sp. strain QU 12.##Identification and characterization of leucocyclicin Q, a novel cyclic bacteriocin produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides TK41401."
DRAMP00173	LVNQLGISKSLANTILGAIAVGNLASWVLALVPGPGWATKAALATAETIVKHEGKAAAIAW	61	Leucocyclicin Q (Bacteriocin)	G5ELQ0	Belongs to the class IIc bacteriocin	lcyQ	Leuconostoc mesenteroides TK41401 (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Predicted	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: This precursor showed high similarity to the precursor of lactocyclicin Q, a cyclic bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus sp. strain QU 12. This is the first report of a cyclic bacteriocin produced by a strain of the genus Leuconostoc."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis JCM 7638 (MIC=0.038 ?M), L. lactis ssp. lactis ATCC 19435 (MIC=0.038 ?M), L. sp. QU 12 (MIC=1.203 ?M), Lactobacillus sakei ssp. sakei JCM 1157 (MIC=0.038 ?M), Weissella cibaria JCM 12495 (MIC=2.405 ?M), W. paramesenteroides JCM 9890 (MIC=0.075 ?M), Pediococcus pentosaceus JCM 5885 (MIC=2.405 ?M), P. dextrinicus JCM 5887 (MIC=0.038 ?M), Enterococcus faecium JCM 5804 (MIC=0.038 ?M), E. faecalis JCM 5803 (MIC=0.15 ?M), Streptococcus salivarius JCM 5707 (MIC=2.405 ?M), S. bovis JCM 5802 (MIC=0.601 ?M), S. mutans JCM 5705 (MIC=19.25 ?M), Bacillus coagulans JCM 2257 (MIC=0.075 ?M), B. subtilis ssp. subtilis JCM 1465 (MIC=0.601 ?M), B. cereus JCM 2152 (MIC=2.405 ?M), Kocuria rhizophila NBRC 12708 (MIC=9.623 ?M), Listeria innocua ATCC 33090 (MIC=0.601 ?M), Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. mes. JCM 6124 (MIC=0.3 ?M), Escherichia coli JM109 (MIC=38.49 ?M), E. coli NBRC 3301 (MIC=38.49 ?M)"	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Cyclization (N termini to C termini)	Cyclization (C termini to N termini)	The whole peptide has a cyclic structure in which N and C termini are bound to each other.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21948835	Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Nov;77(22):8164-8170. 	"Masuda Y, Ono H, Kitagawa H, Ito H, Mu F, Sawa N, Zendo T, Sonomoto K."	"Identification and characterization of leucocyclicin Q, a novel cyclic bacteriocin produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides TK41401."
DRAMP00177	ENDHRMPNNLNRPNNLSKGGAKCGAAIAGGLFGIPKGPLAWAAGLANVYSKCN	53	Enterocin B (EntB; Bacteriocin)	O34017	Belongs to the class IId bacteriocin	entB	Enterococcus faecium T136 (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Predicted	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Enterococcus faecalis JCM 5803 (MIC=86.9 nM), Enterococcus faecalis OU510 (MIC=174 nM), E. faecium TUA 1344L (MIC=43.4 nM), E. hirae ATCC 10541 (MIC=5.44 nM), Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 (MIC=86.9 nM), L. sakei ssp. sakei JCM 1157 (MIC=5.44 nM), Bacillus coagulans JCM 2257 (MIC=89000 nM), Bacillus subtilis JCM 1465 (MIC=44500 nM)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	The peptide has forms a disulfide bond between Cys-23 and Cys-52	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10224016##9245817	Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 May;65(5):2170-2178.##Microbiology. 1997 Jul;143 (Pt 7):2287-2294.	"Franz CM, Worobo RW, Quadri LE, Schillinger U, Holzapfel WH, Vederas JC, Stiles ME.##Casaus P, Nilsen T, Cintas LM, Nes IF, Hern?ndez PE, Holo H."	"Atypical genetic locus associated with constitutive production of enterocin B by Enterococcus faecium BFE 900.##Enterocin B, a new bacteriocin from Enterococcus faecium T136 which can act synergistically with enterocin A."
DRAMP00178	MLAKIKAMIKKFPNPYTLAAKLTTYEINWYKQQYGRYPWERPVA	44	Enterocin EJ97 (EntEJ97; Bacteriocin)	Q8KMU4	Belongs to the class IId bacteriocin	ej97a	Enterococcus faecalis EJ97 (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Predicted	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus circulans (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Bacillus coagulans CECT 12 (MIC=2 ?g/ml), Bacillus megaterium (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Bacillus stearothermophilus CECT 49 (MIC=14 ?g/ml), Bacillus stearothermophilus CECT 148 (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Paenibacillus macerans CECT 19 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Enterococcus faecalis ssp.faecalis S-13 (MIC=6 ?g/ml), E. faecalis ssp.faecalis S-14 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), E. faecalis ssp.faecalis S-32 (MIC=12 ?g/ml), E. faecalis ssp.faecalis S-86 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), E. faecalis ssp.liquefaciens S-39 (MIC=6 ?g/ml), E. faecalis ssp.liquefaciens S-40 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), E. faecalis ssp. liquefaciens S-47 (MIC=12 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	12620853##20385607##9871020	Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Mar;69(3):1633-1641.##Protein Eng Des Sel. 2010 Jul;23(7):507-518.##Arch Microbiol. 1998 Dec;171(1):59-65.	"S?nchez-Hidalgo M, Maqueda M, G?lvez A, Abriouel H, Valdivia E, Mart?nez-Bueno M.##Neira JL, Contreras LM, de los Pa±os OR, S?nchez-Hidalgo M, Mart?nez-Bueno M, Maqueda M, Rico M.##G?lvez A, Valdivia E, Abriouel H, Camafeita E, Mendez E, Mart?nez-Bueno M, Maqueda M."	"The genes coding for enterocin EJ97 production by Enterococcus faecalis EJ97 are located on a conjugative plasmid.##Structural characterisation of the natively unfolded enterocin EJ97.##Isolation and characterization of enterocin EJ97, a bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecalis EJ97."
DRAMP00189	KGLGKLIGIDWLLGQAKDAVKQYKKDYKRWH	31	Leucocin Q (Bacteriocin)	No entry found	Belongs to the class IId bacteriocin	LccQ	Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides QU 15 (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Leuc.pseudomesenteroides QU 15 (isolated from Nukadoko) produce at least three bacteriocins, leucocin A, and two novel bacteriocins termed leucocin Q and leucocin "	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus circulans JCM 2504T (MIC=4.10 ?mol/L), Listeria innocua ATCC 33090 (MIC=0.03 ?mol/L), Listeria monocytogenes ATCC BAA-679 (MIC=1.03 ?mol/L), Enterococcus faecalis JCM 5803 (MIC=4.10 ?mol/L), Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 (MIC=4.10 ?mol/L), Lactobacillus sakei ssp. sakei JCM 1157 (MIC=1.04 ?mol/L), Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides JCM 6124 (MIC=4.10 ?mol/L)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	20070442	J Appl Microbiol. 2010 Jul;109(1):282-291.	"Sawa N, Okamura K, Zendo T, Himeno K, Nakayama J, Sonomoto K."	Identification and characterization of novel multiple bacteriocins produced by Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides QU 15.
DRAMP00190	MNKEYNSISNFKKITNKDLQNINGGFIGRAIGDFVYFGAKGLRESGKLLNYYYKHKH	57	Leucocin N (Bacteriocin)	No entry found	Belongs to the class IId bacteriocin	LccN	Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides QU 15 (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Leuc.pseudomesenteroides QU 15 (isolated from Nukadoko) produce at least three bacteriocins, leucocin A, and two novel bacteriocins termed leucocin Q and leucocin N."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus circulans JCM 2504T (MIC=5.20 ?mol/L), Listeria innocua ATCC 33090 (MIC=1.30 ?mol/L), Listeria monocytogenes ATCC BAA-679 (MIC=1.30 ?mol/L), Enterococcus faecalis JCM 5803 (MIC=5.20 ?mol/L), Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 (MIC=2.60 ?mol/L), Lactobacillus sakei ssp.?sakei?JCM 1157 (MIC=1.30 ?mol/L), Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides JCM 6124 (MIC=2.60 ?mol/L)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	20070442	J Appl Microbiol. 2010 Jul;109(1):282-291.	"Sawa N, Okamura K, Zendo T, Himeno K, Nakayama J, Sonomoto K."	Identification and characterization of novel multiple bacteriocins produced by Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides QU 15.
DRAMP00191	GGAGHVPEYFVGIGTPISFYG	21	Microcin J25 (MccJ25; Bacteriocin)	Q9X2V7	Belongs to the class I microcin	mcjA	Escherichia coli AY25 (Gram-negative bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Beta strand	"MccJ25 does not have a head-to-tail cyclic structure but rather a side chain to backbone cyclization between Glu8 and the N-terminus. This creates an embedded ring that is threaded by the C-terminal tail of the molecule, forming a noose-like feature. The three-dimensional structure deduced from NMR data suggests that slippage of the noose is prevented by two aromatic residues flanking the embedded ring."	"1Q71, 1PP5 resolved by NMR."	"Function: Microcin J25 is a 21 amino acid bacterial peptide that has potent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, resulting from its interaction with RNA polymerase.
Induction: At the onset of stationary growth phase.
PTM: Isoglutamyl glycine isopeptide between G1 and E8."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli BM21 (MIC=0.08 ?g/ml), E. coli AB1133 (MIC=0.02 ?g/ml), E. coli RYC816 (MIC=0.04 ?g/ml), E. coli AY29 (MIC=0.04 ?g/ml), Salmonella species, Shigella flexneri."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Cyclization of a N-terminal between Gly and Glu	Free	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	1429464##10092860##14531690##14531661	J Bacteriol. 1992 Nov;174(22):7428-7435.##Eur J Biochem. 1999 Feb;259(3):747-755.##J Am Chem Soc. 2003 Oct 15;125(41):12464-74.##J Am Chem Soc. 2003 Oct 15;125(41):12382-3.	"Salom?n RA, Far?as RN.##Blond A, P?duzzi J, Goulard C, Chiuchiolo MJ, Barth?l?my M, Prigent Y, Salom?n RA, Far?as RN, Moreno F, Rebuffat S.##Rosengren KJ, Clark RJ, Daly NL, G?ransson U, Jones A, Craik DJ.##Bayro MJ, Mukhopadhyay J, Swapna GV, Huang JY, Ma LC, Sineva E, Dawson PE, Montelione GT, Ebright RH."	"Microcin 25, a novel antimicrobial peptide produced by Escherichia coli.##The cyclic structure of microcin J25, a 21-residue peptide antibiotic from Escherichia coli.##Microcin J25 has a threaded sidechain-to-backbone ring structure and not a head-to-tail cyclized backbone.##Structure of antibacterial peptide microcin J25: a 21-residue lariat protoknot."
DRAMP00201	SCNCVCGVCCSCSP	14	Amythiamicin A/B (Bacteriocin)	P0C912	Belongs to the thiocillin family	Not found	Amycolatopsis sp. (strain MI481-42F4 / FERM P-12739)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has bacteriocidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria: including multi-drug resistant strains such as Staphylococcus aureus MS9610 and Methicillin-resistant S.aureus, but is not active against most Gram-negative bacteria and fungi.
PTM: ①Maturation of thiazole and oxazole containing antibiotics involves the enzymic condensation of a Cys, Ser or Thr with the alpha-carbonyl of the preceding amino acid to form a thioether or ether bond, then dehydration to form a double bond with the alpha-amino nitrogen. Thiazoline or oxazoline rings are dehydrogenated to form thiazole or oxazole rings.  ②Maturation of pyridinyl containing antibiotics involves the cross-linking of a Ser and a Cys-Ser pair usually separated by 7 or 8 residues along the peptide chain. The Ser residues are dehydrated to didehydroalanines, then bonded between their beta carbons. The alpha carbonyl of the Cys condenses with the alpha carbon of the first Ser to form a pyridinyl ring. The ring may be multiply dehydrogenated to form a pyridine ring with loss of the amino nitrogen of the first Ser. ③The diketopiperazine ester in form C may be formed by cyclization and transesterification of the C-terminal dipeptide."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus MS9610 (MIC=0.2 ?g/ml), Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MIC=0.2 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus FDA209P (MIC=0.1 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus FDA16 (MIC=0.1 ?g/ml), M. luteus IFO3333 (MIC=0.78 ?g/ml), M. luteus PCI1001 (MIC=0.2 ?g/ml), Bacillus anthracis (MIC=0.1 ?g/ml), B. subtilis NRRL B-558 (MIC=0.2 ?g/ml), B. subtilis PCI219 (MIC=0.2 ?g/ml), B. cereus ATCC 10702 (MIC=0.1 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	8040071	J Antibiot (Tokyo). 1994 Jun;47(6):668-674.	"Shimanaka K, Kinoshita N, Iinuma H, Hamada M, Takeuchi T."	"Novel antibiotics, amythiamicins. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties, and antimicrobial activity."
DRAMP00204	STNCFCYICCSCSS	14	Thiocillin GE37468 (Antibiotic GE37468; Bacteriocin)	"P0C8P9, G1ECL0"	Belongs to the thiocillin family	getA	Streptomyces sp. (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has bacteriocidal activity against both aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria. Has poor activity against Gram-negative bacteria, with the exception of B.fragilis. Inhibits bacterial protein biosynthesis by acting on elongation factor Tu ("	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=0.047 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (MIC=0.047 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Cyclization	Free	"①GE37468 has a macrocyclic ring composed of 10 residues (Ser1 to Cys10). ②Cys6 converts to a thiazoline while four other Cys residues (Cys4, Cys9, Cys10 and Cys12) are fully desaturated to thiazoles in GE37468. ③Ile8 converts to β-methyl-δ-hydroxy-proline(mhP) through a predicted tandem double hydroxylation/cyclization mechanism."	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21788474	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Aug 9;108(32):13053-13058.	"Young TS, Walsh CT."	Identification of the thiazolyl peptide GE37468 gene cluster from Streptomyces ATCC 55365 and heterologous expression in Streptomyces lividans.
DRAMP00218	RCTCTTIISSSSTF	14	Plantazolicin (PZN; Bacteriocin)	"D3VML5, B3A0N7"	Not found	pznA	Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 & Bacillus pumilus (Bacillus mesentericus) (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Peptide antibiotic inhibiting growth of Gram-positive bacteria: in the dimethylated form plantazolicin A. The desmethyl form plantazolicin B has no antibiotic activity. The mode of action appears to be disruption of cell walls and lysis of cells. Has antibacterial activity.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis HB0042, Bacillus subtilis strain 168, Bacillus megaterium 7A1, Bacillus anthracis (MIC=2-4 ?g/ml), Bacillus brevis strain ATCC 8246, Bacillus cereus strain ATCC 14579 and strain CU1065, Bacillus licheniformis strain ATCC 9789, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus sphaericus, Paenibacillus granivorans and Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC=128 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic (possibly)	Free	Free	"10 residues (Cys, Ser/Thr) potentially serve as a site of heterocycle formation"	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	20971906	J Bacteriol. 2011 Jan;193(1):215-224.	"Scholz R, Molohon KJ, Nachtigall J, Vater J, Markley AL, S?ssmuth RD, Mitchell DA, Borriss R."	"Plantazolicin, a novel microcin B17/streptolysin S-like natural product from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42."
DRAMP00222	GETDPNTQLLNDLGNNMAWGAALGAPGGLGSAALGAAGGALQTVGQGLIDHGPVNVFIPVLIGPSWNGSGSGYNSATSSSGSGS	84	Microcin E492 (MccE492; Bacteriocin)	Q9Z4N4	Not found	mceA	Klebsiella pneumoniae RYC492 (Gram-negative bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Channel-forming bacteriocin. Forms cation-selective channels. Active on enterobacteria, with highest activity against Escherichia coli. The unmodified protein is active against Escherichia coli and S. enteritidis. When the siderophore ester is present at Ser-99, antibacterial activity against these species is increased and activity is also detected against E. cloacae and K. pneumoniae.
PTM: The C-terminal Ser is modified by attachment to a siderophore similar to enterobactin, which can bind one atom of iron. The modification consists of an ester linkage of the serine carboxyl to O6 of a glucose which is linked by a C-glycosidic bond to the 5'-benzoyl of a linear triester of N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)serine. Presence of the siderophore ester increases the antibacterial activity of the protein."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli F (MIC=0.14 ?M), Escherichia coli 363 (MIC=0.02 ?M), Escherichia coli ML35p (MIC=0.14 ?M), Escherichia coli GM1 (MIC=0.04 ?M), Escherichia coli GM1 KP1060(MIC=0.65 ?M), Escherichia coli W3110 (MIC=0.02 ?M), Escherichia coli W3110-KP1344 Pms7 (MIC=0.08 ?M), Escherichia coli W3110-6 (MIC=0.32 ?M), Escherichia coli C600 (MIC=0.08 ?M), Escherichia coli C600 pHX405 (MIC=0.16 ?M), Salmonella enteritidis (MIC=0.6 ?M), Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=1.2 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Attachment to a siderophore ester	"[Ref.15102848] The post-translational modification consists of a trimer of N-(2,3-dihydroxybnenzoyl)-L-serine linked via a C-glycosidic linkage to a β-D-glucose moiety, itself linked to the MccE492m Ser-84-carboxyl through an O-glycosidic bond."	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	12890026##15102848##7682973	Mol Microbiol. 2003 Aug;49(4):1031-1041.##J Biol Chem. 2004 Jul 2;279(27):28233-28242.##FEBS Lett. 1993 Apr 26;321(2-3):145-148.	"Destoumieux-Garz?n D, Thomas X, Santamaria M, Goulard C, Barth?l?my M, Boscher B, Bessin Y, Molle G, Pons AM, Letellier L, Peduzzi J, Rebuffat S.##Thomas X, Destoumieux-Garz?n D, Peduzzi J, Afonso C, Blond A, Birlirakis N, Goulard C, Dubost L, Thai R, Tabet JC, Rebuffat S.##Lagos R, Wilkens M, Vergara C, Cecchi X, Monasterio O."	"Microcin E492 antibacterial activity: evidence for a TonB-dependent inner membrane permeabilization on Escherichia coli.##Siderophore peptide, a new type of post-translationally modified antibacterial peptide with potent activity.##Microcin E492 forms ion channels in phospholipid bilayer membrane."
DRAMP00232	ATPATPTVAQFVIQGSTICLVC	22	Cypemycin (Bacteriocin)	E5KIB6	Belongs to the linaridin family	cypA	Streptomyces sp. OH-4156 (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Antibiotic peptide structurally related to lantibiotics. Has cytotoxic activity against mouse P388 leukemia cells (IC50=1.3 μg/ml).	Micrococcus luteus (MIC=0.2 ?g/ml)	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	[Ref. 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)78407-3] Dimethylation on Ala1	[Ref. 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)78407-3] Decarboxylation and Cyclization on D-Cys64	"[Ref. 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)78407-3] ①Thr2, Thr5, Thr7 and Thr17 converts to (E)-2,3-didehydrobutyrine. ②Ile13 and Ile18 converts to L-allo-isoleucine. ③Maturation involves the enzymatic conversion of Cys-19 into 2,3-didehydroalanine followed by formation of a thioether bond with Cys-22. The C-terminal meso-lanthionine then undergoes decarboxylation."	[Ref. 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)78407-3] Mixed (D-Cys19)	[Ref.7802859] IC50 = 1.3 μg/mL against P388 leukemia cells in vitro.	Not found	7802859##Pubmed ID is not available	J Antibiot (Tokyo). 1993 Nov;46(11):1666-1671.##Tetrahedron Lett. 1994 Oct;35(43):8001-8004.	"Komiyama K, Otoguro K, Segawa T, Shiomi K, Yang H, Takahashi Y, Hayashi M, Otani T, Omura S.##Minami Y, Yoshida K, Azuma R, Urakawa A, Kawauchi T, Otani T, Komiyama K, Omura S"	"A new antibiotic, cypemycin. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and biological characteristics. ##STRUCTURE OF CYPEMYCIN, A NEW PEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC."
DRAMP00244	XTPATPFTPAITEITAAVIAX	21	Hominicin (Bacteriocin)	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Staphylococcus hominis MBBL 2-9 (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Hominicin exhibited heat stability up to 121 degrees C for 15min and activity under both acidic and basic conditions (from pH 2.0 to 10.0). 	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=0.06 ?g/ml), S. aureus ATCC (MRSA) 11435 (MIC=0.96 ?g/ml), S. aureus (vancomycin-intermediate VISA) CCARM 3501 (MIC=3.82 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Dimethylation on Ile1	Free	"①The residue X at position 1 is DmIle (N1, N1-dimethyl-isoleucine).②The residues T at position 2, 5, 8 and 15 are dehydrobutyrine. ③The residue at position 21 is a distinct residue Dmp (N2, N2-dimethyl-1,2-propanediamine) rarely found from biosynthetic antimicrobial peptides."	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	20654578	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Aug 20;399(2):133-138. 	"Kim PI, Sohng JK, Sung C, Joo HS, Kim EM, Yamaguchi T, Park D, Kim BG."	"Characterization and structure identification of an antimicrobial peptide, hominicin, produced by Staphylococcus hominis MBBL 2-9."
DRAMP00254	WFYQGMNIAIYANIGGVANIIGYTEAAVATLLGAVVAVAPVVP	43	Propionicin-F (Bacteriocin)	Q6E3K9	Not found	pcfA	Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. Freudenreichii LMGT 2946 (Gram-positive bacteria)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Bacteriocin with specific antibacterial activity.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. freudenreichii ATCC 6207T (MIC=0.7 nM), P. freudenreichii ssp.shermanii ATCC 9614T (MIC=5.0 nM), P. freudenreichii ATCC 9616 (MIC=20 nM), P. freudenreichii IFO12426 (MIC=2.5 nM), P. freudenreichii LMGT 2842 (MIC=5.0 nM), P. freudenreichii LMGT 3001 (MIC=5.0 nM), P. freudenreichii LMGT 2946, P. freudenreichii LMGT 2956, P. freudenreichii ISU-P24 (MIC=0.7 nM), P. freudenreichii ISU-P59 (MIC=2.5 nM), P. freudenreichii ISU-P83 (MIC=5.0 nM), P. freudenreichii ISU-P98 (MIC=1.3 nM), P. freudenreichii ISU-P104 (MIC=0.2 nM)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	15574930	Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004 Dec;70(12):7303-7310.	"Brede DA, Faye T, Johnsborg O, Odeg?rd I, Nes IF, Holo H."	"Molecular and genetic characterization of propionicin F, a bacteriocin from Propionibacterium freudenreichii."
DRAMP00275	GSSFCDSKCKLRCSKAGLADRCLKYCGICCEECKCVPSGTYGNKHECPCYRDKKNSKGKSKCP	63	Snakin-1 (StSN1; Cys-rich; Plant defensin)	Q948Z4	Not found	SN1	Solanum tuberosum (potato)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has an antimicrobial activity. Causes a rapid aggregation of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but the antimicrobial activity is not correlated with the capacity to aggregate bacteria.
Tissue specificity: Expressed in tubers, stems, axillary and young floral buds, sepals, petals, stamens and carpels, but not in roots, stolons, shoot apex meristem or young leaves.
Induction: No responses to methyl jasmonate, ethylene, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, isonicotinic acid, indolacetic acid, gibberellic acid and infection with incompatible bacterial or compatible fungual pathogens.
PTM: Six disulfide bonds may be present."	"[Ref.9885189] Gram-positive bacteria: Listeria monocytogenes (MIC=10 ?g/mL), Listeria innocua (MIC=10 ?g/mL), Listeria ivanovii (MIC=10 ?g/mL), Clavibacter michiganensis (EC50=1 ?M), Ralstonia solanacearum (rfa-) (EC50=30 ?M), Rhizobium meliloti (EC50=8 ?M).##Fungi: Botrytis cinerea (EC50=2 ?M), Fusarium solani (EC50=3 ?M), Fusarium culmorum (EC50=2 ?M), Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans (EC50=10 ?M), Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (EC50=20 ?M), Plectosphaerella cucumerina (EC50=10 ?M), Colletotrichum graminicola (EC50=10 ?M), Colletotrichum lagenarium (EC50=10 ?M), Bipolaris maydis (EC50=20 ?M), Aspergillus flavus (EC50=20 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	[Ref.9885189] Six disulfide bonds may be present	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	11891250##9885189	Plant Physiol. 2002 Mar;128(3):951-961.##Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1999 Jan;12(1):16-23.	"Marta Berrocal-Lobo, Ana Segura, Manuel Moreno, Gemma López, Francisco García-Olmedo, Antonio Molina##A Segura, M Moreno, F Madue?o, A Molina, F García-Olmedo"	"Snakin-2, an antimicrobial peptide from potato whose gene is locally induced by wounding and responds to pathogen infection.##Snakin-1, a peptide from potato that is active against plant pathogens."
DRAMP00336	IPCGESCVWIPCITAIAGCSCKNKVCYT	28	ChaC7 (Chassatide C7; uncyclotides; Plant defensin)	No entry found	"Belongs to the Bracelet subfamily, Rubiaceae family"	Not found	Chassalia chartacea	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"IC50=1.2 ?M, HD50=11.6 ?M.
Note: IC50 (concentration that gives a survival index of 50%) and HD50 (concentration that causes 50% lysis of red blood cells)."	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=6.4 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC>80 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC>80 ?M)."	[Ref.22467870] HD50 = 11.6 μM against on human red blood cells (Type A). Kalata B1 and melittin were used as the positive control.	Linear	Free	Free	None	L	[Ref.22467870] IC50 = 1.2 μM targeting on HeLa cells. Kalata B1 was used as the positive control.	Not found	22467870	J Biol Chem. 2012 May 18;287(21):17598-17607.	"Nguyen GK, Lim WH, Nguyen PQ, Tam JP."	Novel Cyclotides and Uncyclotides with Highly Shortened Precursors from Chassalia chartacea and Effects of Methionine Oxidation on Bioactivities.
DRAMP00337	AIPCGESCVWIPCISTVIGCSCSNKVCYR	29	ChaC8 (Chassatide C8; uncyclotides; Plant defensin)	No entry found	"Belongs to the Bracelet subfamily, Rubiaceae family"	Not found	Chassalia chartacea	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"IC50=1.0 ?M, HD50=25.5 ?M.
Note: IC50 (concentration that gives a survival index of 50%) and HD50 (concentration that causes 50% lysis of red blood cells)."	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=6.6 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC>80 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC>80 ?M)."	[Ref.22467870] HD50 = 25.5 μM against human red blood cells (Type A). Kalata B1 and melittin were used as the positive control.	Linear	Free	Free	None	L	[Ref.22467870] IC50 = 1.0 μM targeting on HeLa cells. Kalata B1 was used as the positive control.	Not found	22467870	J Biol Chem. 2012 May 18;287(21):17598-17607.	"Nguyen GK, Lim WH, Nguyen PQ, Tam JP."	Novel Cyclotides and Uncyclotides with Highly Shortened Precursors from Chassalia chartacea and Effects of Methionine Oxidation on Bioactivities.
DRAMP00338	IPCGESCVWIPCISGMFGCSCKDKVCYS	28	ChaC11 (Chassatide C11; uncyclotides; Plant defensin)	No entry found	"Belongs to the Bracelet subfamily, Rubiaceae family"	Not found	Chassalia chartacea	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"IC50=1.2 ?M, HD50=13.3 ?M.
Note: IC50 (concentration that gives a survival index of 50%) and HD50 (concentration that causes 50% lysis of red blood cells)."	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=8.5 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC>80 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC>80 ?M)."	[Ref.22467870] HD50 = 13.3 μM against human red blood cells (Type A). Kalata B1 and melittin were used as the positive control.	Linear	Free	Free	None	L	[Ref.22467870] IC50 = 5.0 μM targeting on HeLa cells. Kalata B1 was used as the positive control.	Not found	22467870	J Biol Chem. 2012 May 18;287(21):17598-17607.	"Nguyen GK, Lim WH, Nguyen PQ, Tam JP."	Novel Cyclotides and Uncyclotides with Highly Shortened Precursors from Chassalia chartacea and Effects of Methionine Oxidation on Bioactivities.
DRAMP00385	QLPICGETCVLGGCYTPNCRCQYPICVR	28	Panitide L2 (plants)	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Panicum laxum	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Bridge	Not found	None	PTM: N-terminus is a pyruglutamyl.	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=2.5 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Pyroglutamyl modification	Free	There are three disulfide bonds in the peptide structure	L	[Ref.23195955] IC50 = 6.0 μM against HeLa cells. 	Not found	23195955	J Biol Chem. 2013 Feb 1;288(5):3370-3380.	"Nguyen GK, Lian Y, Pang EW, Nguyen PQ, Tran TD, Tam JP."	Discovery of linear cyclotides in monocot plant Panicum laxum of Poaceae family provides new insights into evolution and distribution of cyclotides in plants.
DRAMP00431	KTCMTKKEGWGRCLIDTTCAHSCRKYGYMGGKCQGITRRCYCLLNC	46	Defensin-like protein 2 (Cp-thionin II; Cp-thionin-2; Gamma-thionin II; Plant defensin)	P84920	Belongs to the DEFL family	Not found	Vigna unguiculata (Cowpea)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus and the Gram-negative bacteria E. coli and P. syringae. Does not have antibacterial activity against the phytopathogenic bacteria R. solanacearum, Rhataybacter sp and Erwinia sp. Does not inhibit trypsin, chymotrypsin or alpha-amylases.
Tissue specificity: Present in seeds, cotyledons and leaves. Not found in roots or stems.
Developmental stage: Present in seeds and seedlings, levels decrease with seedling age. Light increases the rate of degradation. Present until 9 days in seedlings kept in the dark, not found after 6 days in seedings kept in the light.
PTM: Contains four disulfide bonds 3-46; 13-33; 19-40; 23-42."	"Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATTC 25923 (MIC=128 mg/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATTC 25922 (MIC=64 mg/ml), Pseudomonas syringae (MIC=42 mg/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization of a C-terminal Cys residue (forming a disulfide bond)	"There are four disulfide bonds between Cys3 and Cys46, Cys13 and Cys33, Cys19 and Cys40, Cys23 and Cys42"	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16824043	FEBS J. 2006 Aug;273(15):3489-3497. 	"Franco OL, Murad AM, Leite JR, Mendes PA, Prates MV, Bloch C Jr."	Identification of a cowpea gamma-thionin with bactericidal activity.
DRAMP00764	KSLRPRCWIKIKFRCKSLKF	20	Piceain 1 (Plants)	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Picea sitchensis	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Beta strand (CD)	Not found	None	"Function: Active against both Gram-postive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi. It showed weak hemolysis activity against human and rabbit red cells.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=9.38 ?g/ml), S. aureus ATCC 43300 (MIC=9.38 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=18.75 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli ML-35P (MIC=18.75 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli 08040722 (CI) (MIC=75 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli 08A866 (CI) (MIC=37.5 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 (MIC=9.38 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=9.38 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 08031014 (CI) (MIC=37.5 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 20032 (MIC=9.38 ?g/ml)."	"[Ref.21644248] At the concentration of 0.0625 mg/ml, Piceain 1 induced human & rabbit red cell hemolysis of 0.7% & 1.5%; At the concentration of 0.125 mg/ml, Piceain 1 induced human & rabbit red cell hemolysis of 0.8% & 7.2%; At the concentration of 0.25 mg/ml, Piceain 1 induced human & rabbit red cell hemolysis of 5.9%&7.8%; At the concentration of 0.5 mg/ml, Piceain 1 induced human & rabbit red cell hemolysis of 7.6% & 9.5%; At the concentration of 1 mg/ml, Piceain 1 induced human & rabbit red cell hemolysis of 7.8% & 57.1%."	Cyclic	Free	Free	There is one intra-molecular disulfide bridge formed by Cys7 and Cys15.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21644248	J Pept Sci. 2011 Sep;17(9):627-631.	"Liu R, Mu L, Liu H, Wei L, Yan T, Chen M, Zhang K, Li J, You D, Lai R."	Two antimicrobial and nematicidal peptides derived from sequences encoded Picea sitchensis.
DRAMP00765	RPRCWIKIKFRCKSLKF	17	Piceain 2 (Plants)	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Picea sitchensis	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Active against both Gram-postive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi. It showed weak hemolysis activity against human and rabbit red cells.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=9.38 ?g/ml), S. aureus ATCC 43300 (MIC=18.75 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=37.5 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli ML-35P (MIC=37.5 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli 08040722 (CI) (MIC=75 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli 08A866 (CI) (MIC=37.5 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 (MIC=9.38 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=18.75 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 08031014 (CI) (MIC=37.5 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 20032 (MIC=18.75 ?g/ml)."	"[Ref.21644248] At the concentration of 0.0625 mg/ml, Piceain 1 induced human & rabbit red cell hemolysis of 0.6% & 2.2%; At the concentration of 0.125 mg/ml, Piceain 1 induced human & rabbit red cell hemolysis of 0.8% & 4.7%; At the concentration of 0.25 mg/ml, Piceain 1 induced human & rabbit red cell hemolysis of 5.2%&5.2%; At the concentration of 0.5 mg/ml, Piceain 1 induced human & rabbit red cell hemolysis of 5.3% & 12.4%; At the concentration of 1 mg/ml, Piceain 1 induced human & rabbit red cell hemolysis of 11.3% & 66.3%."	Cyclic	Free	Free	There is one intra-molecular disulfide bridge formed by Cys4 and Cys12.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21644248	J Pept Sci. 2011 Sep;17(9):627-631.	"Liu R, Mu L, Liu H, Wei L, Yan T, Chen M, Zhang K, Li J, You D, Lai R."	Two antimicrobial and nematicidal peptides derived from sequences encoded Picea sitchensis.
DRAMP00766	KVFLGLK	7	JCpep7 (Plants)	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Jatropha curcas	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: JCpep7 killed microbes principally via breaking of their cell walls and membranes, followed by cell lysis."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 50013 (MIC=48 ?g/ml), Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 51302 (MIC=48 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27553 (MIC=64 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=40 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis ATCC 23631 (MIC=24 ?g/ml), Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 (MIC=56 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21268582	J Agric Food Chem. 2011 Feb 23;59(4):1145-1151.	"Xiao J, Zhang H, Niu L, Wang X."	Efficient Screening of a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide from Jatropha curcas by Cell Membrane Affinity Chromatography.
DRAMP00774	GTRCGETCFVLPCWSAKFGCYCQKGFCYRN	30	Hedyotide B1 (hB1; Plants)	No entry found	Belongs to the cyclotide family	Not found	Hedyotis biflora (aerial tissues)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=3.4 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Streptococcus salivarius(MIC=5.9 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC>80 ?M), S. aureus (MIC>80 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	There are three disulfide bonds in the peptide structure	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21979955	J Biol Chem. 2011 Dec 30;286(52):44833-44844.	"Nguyen GK, Zhang S, Wang W, Wong CT, Nguyen NT, Tam JP."	Discovery of a linear cyclotide from the bracelet subfamily and its disulfide mapping by top-down mass spectrometry.
DRAMP00795	GIPCGESCVFIPCITAAIGCSCKSKVCYRN	30	Cliotide T1 (cT1; Plant defensin)	No entry found	Belongs to the cyclotide family	Not found	Clitoria ternatea (Butterfly pea)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Anti-cancer"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Cliotide T1 shows stronger antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria than the Gram-positive bacteria. It also has hemolytic activity against human type A erythrocytes (HD50=7.1 ?M) and cytotoxicity against HeLa Cells (IC50=0.6 ?M).
[Note: HD50 refers to the peptide concentration that causes 50% lysis of red blood cells; IC50 refers to the peptide concentration that causes 50% death of HeLa cells]. "	"[Ref.21596752]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC12600, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 47077 (less active);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 700926 (MIC=1.1 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 39018 (MIC=2.7 ?M), Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 13883 (MIC=4.7 ?M)."	[Ref.21596752] HD50 = 7.1 μM against human red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Free	"There are three disulfide bonds between Cys4 and Cys20, Cys8 and Cys22, Cys13 and Cys27."	L	[Ref.21596752] IC50=0.6 ?M against HeLa cells.	Not found	21596752	J Biol Chem. 2011 Jul 8;286(27):24275-24287.	"Nguyen GK, Zhang S, Nguyen NT, Nguyen PQ, Chiu MS, Hardjojo A, Tam JP."	Discovery and characterization of novel cyclotides originated from chimeric precursors consisting of albumin-1 chain a and cyclotide domains in the Fabaceae family.
DRAMP00798	GIPCGESCVFIPCITGAIGCSCKSKVCYRN	30	Cliotide T4 (cT4; Plant defensin)	No entry found	Belongs to the cyclotide family	Not found	Clitoria ternatea (Butterfly pea)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Anti-cancer"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Cliotide T4 shows stronger antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria than the Gram-positive bacteria. It also has hemolytic activity against human type A erythrocytes (HD50=8.4 ?M) and cytotoxicity against HeLa Cells (IC50=0.6 ?M).
[Note: HD50 refers to the peptide concentration that causes 50% lysis of red blood cells; IC50 refers to the peptide concentration that causes 50% death of HeLa cells]. "	"[Ref.21596752]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC12600, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 47077 (less active);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 700926 (MIC=1.3 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 39018 (MIC=1.9 ?M), Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 13883 (MIC=1.5 ?M)."	[Ref.21596752] HD50 = 8.4 μM against human red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Free	"There are three disulfide bonds between Cys4 and Cys20, Cys8 and Cys22, Cys13 and Cys27."	L	[Ref.21596752] IC50=0.6 ?M against HeLa cells.	Not found	21596752	J Biol Chem. 2011 Jul 8;286(27):24275-24287.	"Nguyen GK, Zhang S, Nguyen NT, Nguyen PQ, Chiu MS, Hardjojo A, Tam JP."	Discovery and characterization of novel cyclotides originated from chimeric precursors consisting of albumin-1 chain a and cyclotide domains in the Fabaceae family.
DRAMP00856	GLPVCGETCVGGTCNTPGCTCSWPVCTRN	29	Kalata-B1 (Plant defensin)	P56254	Belongs to the cyclotide family	OAK1	Oldenlandia affinis 	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal, Antiviral"	Protein level	Beta strand (3 strands; 7 residues)	Not found	2KHB resolved by NMR.	"Function: Probably participates in a plant defense mechanism. Has antibiotic activity. Has a diuretic effect. Has a uterotonic effect in humans. Active against the Gram-positive S. aureus. Relatively ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Inhibitory effect on the growth and development of larvae from H. punctigera. The unmodified form has hemolytic activity, the oxidized form lacks hemolytic activity. If the protein is linearized, hemolytic activity is lost.
MOA: a small number of cyclotides bind to the membrane surface and then insert first into the outer membrane leaflet followed by penetration through the membrane and pore formation. At higher concentrations of cyclotides, destabilization of membranes occurs.
Tissue specificity: Leaves and stems. Lower in roots.
Pharmaceutical use: The uteroactive properties of Kalata have been discovered by African traditional medicine. It is used as an ingredient of a herbal tea to accelerate childbirth.
PTM: Kalata-B1 is a cyclic peptide which contains three disulfide bonds 5-19; 11-21; 14-26."	"[Ref.10430870]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=0.26 ?M), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=40.4 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Klebsiella oxytoca (MIC=54.8 ?M);##Fungi: Candida kefyr (MIC=21.4 ?M).##[Ref.18008336]Virus:HIV:inhibition the cytopathic effects of HIV-1 infection in cultured human T-lymphoblast (CEM-SS) cells(EC50=140 nM)."	[Ref.12779323] HD50 = 300 μM against Human type A red blood cells.	Cyclic	Cyclization (N termini to C termini)	Cyclization (C termini to N termini)	"[Ref.7703226] There are three disulfide bonds between Cys5 and Cys19, Cys9 and Cys21, Cys14 and Cys26."	L	[Ref.18008336]CEM-SS cells:IC50=3500 nM.	Cell membrance	18008336##10430870##7703226##17534989##23129773	Biopolymers. 2008;90(1):51-60.##Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Aug 3;96(16):8913-8918.##Biochemistry. 1995 Apr 4;34(13):4147-4158.##Chembiochem. 2007 Jun 18;8(9):1001-1011.##J Biol Chem. 2012 Dec 21;287(52):43884-98. 	"Ireland DC, Wang CK, Wilson JA, Gustafson KR, Craik DJ. ##Tam JP, Lu YA, Yang JL, Chiu KW.##Saether O, Craik DJ, Campbell ID, Sletten K, Juul J, Norman DG.##Plan MR, G?ransson U, Clark RJ, Daly NL, Colgrave ML, Craik DJ.##Wang CK, Wacklin HP, Craik DJ."	"Cyclotides as natural anti-HIV agents.##An unusual structural motif of antimicrobial peptides containing end-to-end macrocycle and cystine-knot disulfides.##Elucidation of the primary and three-dimensional structure of the uterotonic polypeptide kalata B1.##The cyclotide fingerprint in oldenlandia affinis: elucidation of chemically modified, linear and novel macrocyclic peptides.##Cyclotides insert into lipid bilayers to form membrane pores and destabilize the membrane through hydrophobic and phosphoethanolamine-specific interactions."
DRAMP00877	GIPCGESCVWIPCISAALGCSCKNKVCYRN	30	Circulin-A (CIRA; Plant defensin)	P56871	Belongs to the cyclotide family	Not found	Chassalia parviflora 	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antiviral, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix (1 helices; 4 residues)	"The molecule is stabilised by three disulfide bonds, two of which form an embedded loop completed by the backbone fragments connecting the cysteine residues. A third disulfide bond threads through the centre of this loop to form a ""cystine-knot"" motif. This motif is present in a range of other biologically active proteins, including omega-contoxin GVIA and Cucurbita maxima trypsin inhibitor."	1BH4 resolved by NMR.	"Function: Probably participates in a plant defense mechanism. Has antibiotic activity. Inhibits the cytopathic effects and replication of the human immunodeficiency virus. Relatively ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli and P. aeruginosa.
PTM: This is a cyclic peptide which contains three disulfide bonds 1-17; 5-19; 10-24."	[Ref.10430870]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=0.19 ?M).##Gram-negative bacterium: Proteus vulgaris (MIC=54.6 ?M).##Fungi: Candida kefyr (MIC=18.6 ?M) and Candida tropicalis (MIC=19.4 ?M).##NOTE: Medium with 10 mM phosphate buffer.##[Ref.18008336]Virus:HIV:inhibition the cytopathic effects of HIV-1 infection in cultured human T-lymphoblast (CEM-SS) cells(EC50=40-260 nM).	[Ref.10430870] EC50 = 1020 μM against blood type A human erythrocytes.	Cyclic	Cyclization (N termini to C termini)	Cyclization (C termini to N termini)	"[Ref.8920961] There are three disulfide bonds between Cys4 and Cys20, Cys8 and Cys22, Cys13 and Cys27"	L	[Ref.18008336]CEM-SS cells:IC50=500 nM.	Not found	18008336##10430870##9878410##8920961	Biopolymers. 2008;90(1):51-60. doi: 10.1002/bip.20886. ##Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Aug 3;96(16):8913-8918.##J. Mol. Biol. 1999; 285:333-345. ##Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Nov 12;228(2):632-8.	"Ireland DC, Wang CK, Wilson JA, Gustafson KR, Craik DJ.##Tam JP, Lu YA, Yang JL, Chiu KW.##Daly NL, Koltay A, Gustafson KR, Boyd MR, Casas-Finet JR, Craik DJ.##R Derua 1, K R Gustafson, L K Pannell"	"Cyclotides as natural anti-HIV agents.##An unusual structural motif of antimicrobial peptides containing end-to-end macrocycle and cystine-knot disulfides.##Solution structure by NMR of circulin A: a macrocyclic knotted peptide having anti-HIV activity.##Analysis of the disulfide linkage pattern in circulin A and B, HIV-inhibitory macrocyclic peptides"
DRAMP00878	GVIPCGESCVFIPCISTLLGCSCKNKVCYRN	31	Circulin-B (CIRB; Plant defensin)	P56879	Belongs to the cyclotide family	Not found	Chassalia parviflora 	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antiviral, Antifungal"	Protein level	Beta strand (5 strands; 10 residues)	Cyclotides are mini-proteins derived from plants that have the characteristic features of a head-to-tail cyclised peptide backbone and a knotted arrangement of their three disulfide bonds.	2ERI resolved by NMR.	"Function: Probably participates in a plant defense mechanism. Has antibiotic activity. Inhibits the cytopathic effects and replication of the human immunodeficiency virus. Active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
PTM: This is a cyclic peptide which contains three disulfide bonds 5-21; 9-23; 14-28."	"[Ref.10430870]Gram-positive bacterium: (L-salt): Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=13.5 ?M).##Gram-negative bacteria: (L-salt, H-salt) (MIC ?M): Escherichia coli (0.41, >500), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25.5, 48), Proteus vulgaris (6.8, >500), Klebsiella oxytoca (8.2, 15.6).##Fungi (H-salt): Candida kefyr (MIC=29 ?M).##NOTE: L-salt = Medium with 10 mM phosphate buffer; H-salt = L-salt supplemented with 100 mM NaCl.##[Ref.18008336]Virus:HIV:inhibition the cytopathic effects of HIV-1 infection in cultured human T-lymphoblast (CEM-SS) cells(EC50=40-260 nM)."	[Ref.10430870] EC50 = 550 μM against blood type A human erythrocytes.	Cyclic	Cyclization (N termini to C termini)	Cyclization (C termini to N termini)	"[Ref.8920961] There are three disulfide bonds between Cys5 and Cys19, Cys9 and Cys21, Cys14 and Cys27."	L	[Ref.10430870] It caused 50% cell growth inhibition of mouse fibroblasts at 820 μM.##[Ref.18008336]CEM-SS cells:IC50=500 nM.	Not found	10430870##18008336##8920961	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Aug 3;96(16):8913-8918.##Biopolymers. 2008;90(1):51-60.##Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Nov 12;228(2):632-8. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1708.	"Tam JP, Lu YA, Yang JL, Chiu KW.##Ireland DC, Wang CK, Wilson JA, Gustafson KR, Craik DJ.##R Derua 1, K R Gustafson, L K Pannell"	"An unusual structural motif of antimicrobial peptides containing end-to-end macrocycle and cystine-knot disulfides.##Cyclotides as natural anti-HIV agents.##Analysis of the disulfide linkage pattern in circulin A and B, HIV-inhibitory macrocyclic peptides"
DRAMP01374	GFLDTFKNLALNAAKSAGVSVLNSLSCKLFKTC	33	"Odorranain-D1 (OdD1; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	A6MBK7	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Brevinin subfamily.	Not found	Odorrana grahami (Yunnanfu frog) (Rana grahami)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Transcript level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Odorranain-D1 exhibites antimicrobial activities against all of the tested microbes including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Has no hemolytic activity against red cell.	"[Ref.17272268] Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=16.32 μg/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=8.16 μg/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=8.16 μg/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=4.08 μg/ml)."	[Ref:17272268]Non-hemolytic activity against rabbit red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization(Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bridge between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	[Ref.17272268]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17272268	Mol Cell Proteomics. 2007 May;6(5):882-894.	"Li J, Xu X, Xu C, Zhou W, Zhang K, Yu H, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Rees HH, Lai R, Yang D, Wu J."	Anti-infection peptidomics of amphibian skin.
DRAMP01373	GVLGAVKDLLIGAGKSAAQSVLKTLSCKLSNDC	33	"Odorranain-C1 (OdC1; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	A6MBF6	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Brevinin subfamily.	Not found	Odorrana grahami (Yunnanfu frog) (Rana grahami)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Transcript level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Odorranain-C1 exhibites antimicrobial activities against all of the tested microbes including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi.	"[Ref.17272268] Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=8.21 μg/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=4.11 μg/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=16.42 μg/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=2.05 μg/ml)."	[Ref:17272268] No detectable hemolytic activity against rabbit red blood cells.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization of a C-terminal Cys residue (forming a disulfide bond)	[Ref:17272268] There are one disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17272268	Mol Cell Proteomics. 2007 May;6(5):882-894.	"Li J, Xu X, Xu C, Zhou W, Zhang K, Yu H, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Rees HH, Lai R, Yang D, Wu J."	Anti-infection peptidomics of amphibian skin.
DRAMP01372	AALKGCWTKSIPPKPCFGKR	20	"Odorranain-B1 (OdB1; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	E7EKD9	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Brevinin subfamily.	Not found	Odorrana hainanensis (Odor frog) (Rana hainanensis)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Homology	Not found	Odorranain-B1 adopts 5.9 % 	None	"Function: Odorranain-B1 exhibites antimicrobial activities against all of the tested microbes including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Has no hemolytic activity against red cell. 
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	"[Ref.17272268] Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=3.21 μg/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=5.83 μg/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=1.85 μg/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=2.4 μg/ml)."	[Ref:17272268] No detectable hemolytic activity against rabbit red blood cells.	Cyclic	Free	Free	[Ref:17272268] There are one disulfide bond between Cys6 and Cys16	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17272268	Mol Cell Proteomics. 2007 May;6(5):882-894.	"Li J, Xu X, Xu C, Zhou W, Zhang K, Yu H, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Rees HH, Lai R, Yang D, Wu J."	Anti-infection peptidomics of amphibian skin.
DRAMP00933	SAFTVWSGPGCNNRAERYSKCGCSAIHQKGGYDFSYTGQTAALYNQAGCSGVAHTRFGSSARACNPFGWKSIFIQC	76	Antimicrobial peptide 1 (AMP1; MiAMP1; Plant defensin)	P80915	Not found	Not found	Macadamia integrifolia (Macadamia nut)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal"	Protein level	Combine helix and strand structure	MiAMP1 is made up of eight beta-strands which are arranged in two Greek key motifs. These Greek key motifs associate to form a Greek key beta-barrel. This structure is unique amongst plant antimicrobial proteins and forms a new class which we term the beta-barrelins. (Ref.2)	1C01 resolved by NMR.	"Function: Antimicrobial peptide which inhibits the growth of a variety of fungi, oomycetes, Gram-positive bacterial phytopatogenes and S.cerevisiae in vitro. No activity against E.coli.
Miscellaneous: Its antimicrobial activity is diminished by calcium an"	"Alternaria helianthi (MIC=2-5 ?g/ml), Botrytis cinerea (MIC=5-10 ?g/ml), Ceratocystis parodoxa (MIC=20 ?g/ml), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (MIC=2-5 ?g/ml), Fusurium oxysporum (MIC=2-5 ?g/ml), Leptosphaeria maculans (MIC=5 ?g/ml), Macrophomina phaseolina (MIC<25 ?g/ml), Phytophthoru cryptogea (MIC=5-10 ?g/ml), Pythium graminicola (MIC=5 ?g/ml), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum spores (MIC=5 ?g/ml), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycelia (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Verticilium dahliae (MIC=2 ?g/ml), Clavibacter michiganensis (MIC<10 ?g/ml), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC=2-5 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization of a C-terminal Cys residue (forming a disulfide bond)	"[Ref.10543955] There are three disulfide bonds between Cys11 and Cys64, Cys21 and Cys76, Cys23 and Cys49"	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	9108242##10543955	Eur J Biochem. 1997 Mar 15;244(3):743-749.##J Mol Biol. 1999 Oct 29;293(3):629-638.	"Marcus JP, Goulter KC, Green JL, Harrison SJ, Manners JM.##McManus AM, Nielsen KJ, Marcus JP, Harrison SJ, Green JL, Manners JM, Craik DJ."	"Purification, characterisation and cDNA cloning of an antimicrobial peptide from Macadamia integrifolia.##MiAMP1, a novel protein from Macadamia integrifolia adopts a Greek key beta-barrel fold unique amongst plant antimicrobial proteins."
DRAMP01012	RESPSSRMECYEQAERYGYGGYGGGRYGGGYGSGRGQPVGQGVERSHDDNRNQPR	55	Pg-AMP (Gly-rich; Plants)	P86030	Not found	Not found	Psidium guajava (Guava)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria. Does not have antifungal activity against the human and plant pathogenic fungi F. oxysporum, A. fumigatus and R. solani. 
Subunit structure: Monomer and homodimer. Might act by homodimer formation."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp., Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 (MIC=72 mg/ml), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=32 mg/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18448201	Peptides. 2008 Aug;29(8):1271-1279.	"Pelegrini PB, Murad AM, Silva LP, Dos Santos RC, Costa FT, Tagliari PD, Bloch C Jr, Noronha EF, Miller RN, Franco OL."	Identification of a novel storage glycine-rich peptide from guava (Psidium guajava) seeds with activity against Gram-negative bacteria.
DRAMP01016	QCIGNGGRCNENVGPPYCCSGFCLRQPGQGYGYCKNR	37	Antimicrobial peptide 1 (MJ-AMP1; Plant defensin)	P25403	Belongs to the AMP family	AMP1	Mirabilis jalapa (Garden four-o'clock)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Antifungal"	Protein level	Bridge	Not found	None	"Function: Possesses antifungal activity and is also active on two tested Gram-positive bacteria: but is non-toxic for Gram-negative bacteria and cultured human cells. 
Tissue specificity: Found only in seeds.
PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds 2-19; 9-23;"	"Fungi: Alternaria brassicola (MIC=20 ?g/ml), Ascochyta pisi (MIC=200 ?g/ml), Botrytis cinerea (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Cercospora beticola (MIC=10 ?g/ml), Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (MIC=6 ?g/ml), Fusarium culmorum (MIC=30 ?g/ml), Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.pisi (MIC=15 ?g/ml), Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici (MIC=200 ?g/ml), Nectria haematococca (MIC=15 ?g/ml), Phoma betae (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (MIC=300 ?g/ml), Pyricularia oryzae (MIC=6 ?g/ml), Rhizoctonia solani (MIC=60 ?g/ml), Verticillium dahliae (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Venturia inequalis (MIC=12 ?g/ml).##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megaterium (MIC=6 ?g/ml), Sarcina lutea (MIC=100 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Pyroglutamyl modification (Cyclization of a N-terminal glutamine)	Free	"There are three disulfide bonds between Cys2 and Cys19, Cys9 and Cys23, Cys18 and Cys34."	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	1733929##7647302	J. Biol. Chem. 1992;267:2228-2233.##Plant Mol. Biol. 1995;28:713-721.	"Cammue B.P.A, de Bolle M.F.C, Terras F.R.G, Proost P, van Damme J, Rees S.B, Vanderleyden J, Broekaert W.F.##de Bolle M.F, Eggermont K, Duncan R.E, Osborn R.W, Terras F.R.G, Broekaert W.F."	Isolation and characterization of a novel class of plant antimicrobial peptides from Mirabilis jalapa L. seeds.##Cloning and characterization of two cDNA clones encoding seed-specific antimicrobial peptides from Mirabilis jalapa L.
DRAMP01017	CIGNGGRCNENVGPPYCCSGFCLRQPNQGYGVCRNR	36	Antimicrobial peptide 2 (MJ-AMP2; Plant defensin)	P25404	Belongs to the AMP family	AMP2	Mirabilis jalapa (Garden four-o'clock)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Antifungal"	Protein level	Bridge 	Not found	None	Function: Possesses antifungal activity and is also active on two tested Gram-positive bacteria: but is non-toxic for Gram-negative bacteria and cultured human cells. Tissue specificity: Found only in seeds. PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds 1-18; 8-22; 	"Fungi: Alternaria brassicola (MIC=6 ?g/ml), Ascochyta pisi (MIC=6 ?g/ml), Botrytis cinerea (MIC=2 ?g/ml), Cercospora beticola (MIC=2 ?g/ml), Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (MIC=1 ?g/ml), Fusarium culmorum (MIC=3 ?g/ml), Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.pisi (MIC=5 ?g/ml), Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici (MIC=10 ?g/ml), Nectria haematococca (MIC=0.5 ?g/ml), Phoma betae (MIC=6 ?g/ml), Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (MIC=20 ?g/ml), Pyricularia oryzae (MIC=0.5 ?g/ml), Rhizoctonia solani (MIC=15 ?g/ml), Verticillium dahliae (MIC=0.5 ?g/ml), Venturia inequalis (MIC=1 ?g/ml).##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megaterium (MIC=2 ?g/ml), Sarcina lutea (MIC=50 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Cyclization of a N-terminal Cys residue (forming a disulfide bond)	Free	"There are three disulfide bonds between Cys1 and Cys18, Cys8 and Cys22, Cys17 and Cys33."	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	1733929##7647302	J Biol Chem. 1992 Feb 5;267(4):2228-2233.##Plant Mol Biol. 1995 Jul;28(4):713-721.	"Cammue BP, De Bolle MF, Terras FR, Proost P, Van Damme J, Rees SB, Vanderleyden J, Broekaert WF.##De Bolle MF, Eggermont K, Duncan RE, Osborn RW, Terras FR, Broekaert WF."	Isolation and characterization of a novel class of plant antimicrobial peptides form Mirabilis jalapa L. seeds.##Cloning and characterization of two cDNA clones encoding seed-specific antimicrobial peptides from Mirabilis jalapa L.
DRAMP01018	SIPCGESCVFIPCTVTALLGCSCKSKVCYKN	31	Cyclopsychotride-A (CPT; Plant defensin)	P56872	Not found	Not found	Psychotria longipes 	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Bridge	Not found	None	"Function: Probably participates in a plant defense mechanism. Has antibiotic activity. Inhibits the cytopathic effects and replication of the human immunodeficiency virus. Active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
PTM: This is a cyclic peptide which may contain three disulfide bonds 4-21; 8-23; 13-28."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=1.55 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=13.5 ?M), Proteus vulgaris (MIC=13.2 ?M), Klebsiella oxytoca (MIC=5.80 ?M).##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=39.0 ?M), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=48.0 ?M).##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC>500 ?M), Candida kefyr (MIC=14.0 ?M), Candida tropicalis (MIC=56.5 ?M).##NOTE: Medium with 10 mM phosphate buffer."	[Ref.10430870] HD50 = 405 μM against blood type A human erythrocytes.	Cyclic	Cyclization (N termini to C termini)	Cyclization (C termini to N termini)	"There are three disulfide bonds between Cys4 and Cys21, Cys8 and Cys23, Cys13 and Cys28"	L	[Ref.10430870] It caused 50% cell growth inhibition of mouse fibroblasts at 1850 μM.	Not found	10430870##7714530	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Aug 3;96(16):8913-8918.##J Nat Prod. 1994 Dec;57(12):1619-1625.	"Tam JP, Lu YA, Yang JL, Chiu KW.##Witherup KM, Bogusky MJ, Anderson PS, Ramjit H, Ransom RW, Wood T, Sardana M. "	"An unusual structural motif of antimicrobial peptides containing end-to-end macrocycle and cystine-knot disulfides.##Cyclopsychotride A, a biologically active, 31-residue cyclic peptide isolated from Psychotria longipes."
DRAMP18193	KRFKKFFKKVKKSVKKRLKKIFKKPMVIGVTIPF	34	Cathelicidin-related peptide crotalicidin	U5KJM4	Belongs to the cathelicidin family.	Not found	Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American rattlesnake)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	alpha helical	Not found	2MWT resolved by NMR	"Function: Adopts an amphipathic alpha helical conformation, that may allow to partition into the target membrane (By similarity). Hemolytic activities have been observed on mammalian cells. Expressed by the venom gland."	"[Ref.25100358]Gram-negative: E.coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=0.25 μg/mL),P.aeruginosa (MIC=1 μg/mL);##Gram-positive: E.faecalis (MIC=32 μg/mL), S.aureus (MIC=32 μg/mL)."	"[Ref.25100358] Crotalicidin reached 10% hemolysis at 25 μM. Even so, extrapolation of existing data indicates that 50% hemolysis would be reached at near-millimolar values, which defines an adequate (~2 log) selectivity window."	Cyclic	Free	Amidation	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	cell membrane	25100358	Amino Acids 46:2561-2571(2014)	"Falcao C.B., de La Torre B.G., Perez-Peinado C., Barron A.E.,Andreu D., Radis-Baptista G."	Vipericidins: a novel family of cathelicidin-related peptides fromthe venom gland of South American pit vipers.
DRAMP01064	AWKLFDDGV	9	Anticancerous peptide 1 (Cr-ACP1; Plants)	B3EWE7	Not found	Not found	Cycas revoluta (Sago palm)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Anti-cancer"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: The synthetic peptide inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in cancer-derived cell lines Hep2 (IC50=1.5 mM) and HCT15 and, to a lesser extent, in non-cancerous NIH/3T3 cells. The mode of action is presumably an arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Antiproliferative, proapoptotic and DNA-binding activities are increased by acetylation at Ala-1 and Lys-3. Has a weak hemolytic activity against mouse erythrocytes. Has antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity is decreased by acetylation. "	"[Ref.21882228]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=60 ?M), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=30 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=30 ?M), EEscherichia coli strain ATCC 8739 (MIC=30 ?M)."	[Ref.21882228] Hemocompatibility study revealed the effectiveness of both the peptides where it showed no significant lysis of normal RBC cells compare to positive control (Triton X-100). Cr-ACP1 induced hemolysis of 7% at the conentration of 1 mM.	Linear	Free	Free	None	L	[Ref.21882228] IC50 = 1.5 mM in Hep2 (Human epidermoid cancer cells); IC50 = 0.9 mM in HCT15 (human colon carcinoma cells HCT15); Cr-ACP1 induced a cell viability of 66% at the concentration of 4 mM.	DNA	21882228	J Cell Biochem. 2012 Jan;113(1):184-193.	"Mandal SM, Migliolo L, Das S, Mandal M, Franco OL, Hazra TK."	Identification and characterization of a bactericidal and proapoptotic peptide from Cycas revoluta seeds with DNA binding properties.
DRAMP01066	PVVDTTGNNPLQQQEEYYV	19	Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor 1 (Xb-KTI; Plants)	P86930	Not found	Not found	Xanthosoma sagittifolium (Elephant's ear) (Arum sagittifolium)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Serine protease inhibitor. Displays antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative bacterium S. typhimurium ATCC 14028. Displays a weak hemolytic activity.	[Ref.21520894]Gram-negative bacterium: Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 (MIC=10 ?M).	[Ref.21520894] No hemolytic activity was observed for Xb-KTI. The peptide induced a hemolysis of 12% at the highest concentration of 250 μg/mL. Values(OD540) were normalized against 100% lysed erythrocytes (0.1% Triton X-100) and PDB (untreated control)	Linear	Free	Free	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21520894	J Nat Prod. 2011 May 27;74(5):969-975.	"Lima TB, Silva ON, Migliolo L, Souza-Filho CR, Gon?alves EG, Vasconcelos IM, Oliveira JT, Amaral AC, Franco OL."	A Kunitz proteinase inhibitor from corms of Xanthosoma blandum with bactericidal activity.
DRAMP01081	GLKDIFKAGLGSLVKGIAAHVAN	23	"Alyteserin-1a (toads, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Alytes obstetricans (European midwife toad)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: The alyteserin-1 peptides show selective growth inhibitory activity against the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. The hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes of all peptides tested is relatively weak.
Structural similarity: The alyteserin-1 peptides show limited structural similarity to the ascaphins from the skins of frogs of the family Leiopelmatidae."	[Ref.19463738]Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=25 ?M).	[Ref:19463738] LC50 > 100 μM against human erthrocytes. Alyteserin-1a induced a hemolysis of 11% at the concentration of 100 μM.	Linear	Free	α-Amidation	None	L (to be determined)	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19463738	Peptides. 2009 Jun;30(6):1069-1073.	"Conlon JM, Demandt A, Nielsen PF, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Woodhams DC."	The alyteserins: two families of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the midwife toad Alytes obstetricans (Alytidae).
DRAMP01082	ILGKLLSTAAGLLSNL	16	"Alyteserin-2a (toads, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Alytes obstetricans (European midwife toad)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+,  Cytotoxicity"	Not found	Alpha helix	It is helical in 50% TFE.	None	"Function: The alyteserin-2a is more potent against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. The hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes of all peptides tested is relatively weak.
Structural similarity: Alyteserin-2a and alyteserin-2b and -2c show limited sequence identity with bombinin H6, present in the skins of frogs of the family Bombinatoridae."	[Ref.19463738]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=50 ?M).	[Ref:19463738] LC50 = 135 μM against human erthrocytes.	Linear	Free	α-Amidation	None	L (to be determined)	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19463738	Peptides. 2009 Jun;30(6):1069-1073.	"Conlon JM, Demandt A, Nielsen PF, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Woodhams DC."	The alyteserins: two families of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the midwife toad Alytes obstetricans (Alytidae).
DRAMP01083	GLKEIFKAGLGSLVKGIAAHVAN	23	"Alyteserin-1b (toads, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Alytes obstetricans (European midwife toad)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Amtimicrobial peptide. (By similarity)	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=25 ?M).	[Ref:19463738] LC50 = 210 μM against human erthrocytes. 	Linear	Free	α-Amidation	None	L (to be determined)	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19463738	Peptides. 2009 Jun;30(6):1069-1073.	"Conlon JM, Demandt A, Nielsen PF, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Woodhams DC."	The alyteserins: two families of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the midwife toad Alytes obstetricans (Alytidae).
DRAMP01085	GLKEIFKAGLGSLVKGIAAHVAS	23	"Alyteserin-1c (toads, amphibians, animals)"	H0USY4	Not found	Not found	Alytes obstetricans (Common midwife toad) (Bufo obstetricans)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Alpha helix	"Solution structural studies in the membrane mimicking environments, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), dodecylphosphocholine (DPC), and 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DHPC) micelles, indicate that these peptides display an alpha helical structure between residues Lys(3) and Val(21).(Ref.1)"	2L5R resolved by NMR.	Function: Alyteserin-1c shows selective growth-inhibitory activity against Gram-negative bacteria.	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=25 ?M).	[Ref:19463738] LC50 = 145 μM against human erthrocytes.	Linear	Free	α-Amidation	None	L (to be determined)	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21565166##19463738	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Aug;1808(8):1975-1984.##Peptides. 2009 Jun;30(6):1069-1073.	"Subasinghage AP, O'Flynn D, Conlon JM, Hewage CM.##Conlon JM, Demandt A, Nielsen PF, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Woodhams DC."	Conformational and membrane interaction studies of the antimicrobial peptide alyteserin-1c and its analogue [E4K]alyteserin-1c.##The alyteserins: two families of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the midwife toad Alytes obstetricans (Alytidae).
DRAMP01088	GFKEVLKADLGSLVKGIAAHVAN	23	"Alyteserin-1Ma (toads, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Alytes maurus (Midwife toad)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Alyteserin-1Ma has lower antimicrobial potencies (MIC>200 ?M).	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli NCTC 10418 (MIC=214 ?M) and Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10788 (MIC=214 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	α-Amidation	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22800568	Toxicon. 2012 Nov;60(6):967-981.	"K?nig E, Zhou M, Wang L, Chen T, Bininda-Emonds OR, Shaw C."	"Antimicrobial peptides and alytesin are co-secreted from the venom of the Midwife toad, Alytes maurus (Alytidae, Anura): Implications for the evolution of frog skin defensive secretions."
DRAMP01089	GFKEVLKAGLGSLVKGIPAHVAN	23	"Alyteserin-1Mb (toads, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Alytes maurus (Midwife toad)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Alyteserin-2Ma has lower antimicrobial potencies (MIC>200 ?M).	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli NCTC 10418 (MIC=217 ?M) and Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10788 (MIC=434 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	α-Amidation	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22800568	Toxicon. 2012 Nov;60(6):967-981.	"K?nig E, Zhou M, Wang L, Chen T, Bininda-Emonds OR, Shaw C."	"Antimicrobial peptides and alytesin are co-secreted from the venom of the Midwife toad, Alytes maurus (Alytidae, Anura): Implications for the evolution of frog skin defensive secretions."
DRAMP01090	FIGKLISAASGLLSHL	16	"Alyteserin-2Ma (toads, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Alytes maurus (Midwife toad)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria E. coli and Gram-positive bacteria S. aures. It only inhibits C. albicans at very high concentration of 150 microM.	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli NCTC 10418 (MIC=38.4 ?M) and Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10788 (MIC=9.5 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	α-Amidation	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22800568	Toxicon. 2012 Nov;60(6):967-981.	"K?nig E, Zhou M, Wang L, Chen T, Bininda-Emonds OR, Shaw C."	"Antimicrobial peptides and alytesin are co-secreted from the venom of the Midwife toad, Alytes maurus (Alytidae, Anura): Implications for the evolution of frog skin defensive secretions."
DRAMP01091	ILGAIIPLVSGLLSHL	16	"Alyteserin-2Mb (toads, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Alytes maurus (Midwife toad)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria S. aures. It only inhibits C. albicans at very high concentration of 310 microM.	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10788 (MIC=19.3 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	α-Amidation	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22800568	Toxicon. 2012 Nov;60(6):967-981.	"K?nig E, Zhou M, Wang L, Chen T, Bininda-Emonds OR, Shaw C."	"Antimicrobial peptides and alytesin are co-secreted from the venom of the Midwife toad, Alytes maurus (Alytidae, Anura): Implications for the evolution of frog skin defensive secretions."
DRAMP01096	GIGSAILSAGKSALKGLAKGLAEHFAN	27	"Bombinin-like peptide 2 (BLP-2; toads, amphibians, animals)"	P29003	Belongs to the bombinin family	Not found	Bombina orientalis (Oriental fire-bellied toad)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix	Not found	None	"Function: Has antimicrobial activity, but no hemolytic activity. Preference on killing Gram-negative non-enteric bacteria.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	"[Ref.1744108]Gram-negative bacterium: 58% inhibition Neisseria meningitidis 118V C (MIC=20 ?g/ml), 98% inhibition Neisseria meningitidis 15240 IAI (MIC=20 ?g/ml), 98% inhibition Neisseria meningitidis 126E IC1 (MIC=20 ?g/ml), 97% inhibition Neisseria gonorrhoeoe F62 (MIC=20 ?g/ml), 99% inhibition Neisseria Iactamica 15323 (MIC=20 ?g/ml), 100% inhibition Neisseria Iactamica 15215A (MIC=20 ?g/ml), 95% inhibition Neisseria cinerea 15461 (MIC=20 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:1744108] No significant hemolytic activity was found which suggests a selectivity for prokaryotic over eukaryotic membranes.	Cyclic	Free	Amidation	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	1744108	J. Biol. Chem. 1991; 266: 23103-23111.	"Gibson BW, Tang D, Mandrell R, Kelly M, Spindel ER."	"Bombinin-like peptides with antimicrobial activity from skin secretions of the Asian toad, Bombina orientalis."
DRAMP03017	FMPIIGRLMSGSL	13	"VESP-VB1 (Insects, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	vespine wasps Vespa bicolor	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antimicrobial activities against standard strains and strong antimicrobial ability against drug-resistant strains. Among the tested drug-resistant strains, Pseudemonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were the most sensitive for this kind of antimicrobial peptide. Has a little hemolytic activity."	"[Ref.18723059] Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC25922(MIC=7.5μg/ml), Escherichia coli 23A(MIC=7.5μg/ml), Escherichia coli 27A(MIC=15.0μg/ml), Pseudemonas aeruginosa 3A(MIC=3.75μg/ml), Pseudemonas aeruginosa 7A(MIC=3.75μg/ml), ;## Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592(MIC=1.9μg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus 6A(MIC=3.75μg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus 15A(MIC=1.0μg/ml);## Fungus: Candida albicans ATCC2002(MIC=30.0μg/ml)"	"[Ref.18723059] VESP-VB1 had a little hemolytic activity of 10.2% against rabbit red blood cells, and of 3.2% against human red blood cells with peptide concentration up to 200 μg/ml"	Linear	Free	Free	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18723059	Peptides. 2008 Nov;29(11):1887-1892.	"Chen W, Yang X, Yang X, Zhai L, Lu Z, Liu J, Yu H."	Antimicrobial peptides from the venoms of Vespa bicolor Fabricius.
DRAMP01098	GIGAAILSAGKSALKGLAKGLAEHF	25	"Bombinin-like peptide 3 (BLP-3; toads, amphibians, animals)"	P29004	Belongs to the bombinin family	Not found	Bombina orientalis (Oriental fire-bellied toad)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Alpha helix	Not found	None	"Function: Has antimicrobial activity, but no hemolytic activity. Preference on killing Gram-negative non-enteric bacteria.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	"[Ref.1744108]Gram-postive bacterium:Bacillus megaterium BmII (MIC=0.3 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus Cowan1 (MIC=1.7 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium:59% inhibition Neisseria meningitidis 118V C (MIC=20 ?g/ml), 99% inhibition Neisseria meningitidis 15240 IAI (MIC=20 ?g/ml), 99% inhibition Neisseria meningitidis 126E IC1 (MIC=20 ?g/ml), 99% inhibition Neisseria gonorrhoeoe F62 (MIC=20 ?g/ml), 97% inhibitionNeisseria Iactamica 15323 (MIC=20 ?g/ml), 100% inhibition Neisseria Iactamica 15215A (MIC=20 ?g/ml), 97% inhibition Neisseria cinerea 15461 (MIC=20 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli D21 (MIC=1.7 ?M), Escherichia coli D22 (MIC=1.5 ?M), Yersinia pseudotubercolosis (MIC=0.6 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15692 (MIC=9.2 ?M);##Fungus:Candida albicans (MIC=0.4 ?M)."	[Ref:1744108] No significant hemolytic activity was found which suggests a selectivity for prokaryotic over eukaryotic membranes.	Cyclic	Free	Amidation	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	1744108	J Biol Chem. 1991 Dec 5;266(34):23103-23111.	"Gibson BW, Tang DZ, Mandrell R, Kelly M, Spindel ER."	"Bombinin-like peptides with antimicrobial activity from skin secretions of the Asian toad, Bombina orientalis."
DRAMP01105	RSNKGFNFMVDMIQALSK	18	"Maximin-S4 (chain of Maximins-S type B/C; toads, amphibians, animals)"	Q5GC92	Belongs to the bombinin family	Not found	Bombina maxima (Giant fire-bellied toad) (Chinese red belly toad)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Maximin-S3 has an activity against mycoplasma but has no activity against common Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria nor fungi. Has no hemolytic activity. Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin dorsal glands. PTM: Lysine amide at position 18.	"[Ref.15649437]Mycoplasma humenis (MIC=46 ?M), Ureaplasma urealyticum (MIC=46 ?M)."	[Ref:15649437] Maximin S1 and S4 had no hemolytic activity.	Linear	Free	Amidation	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	15649437	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Feb 18;327(3):945-951.	"Wang T, Zhang J, Shen JH, Jin Y, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	"Maximins S, a novel group of antimicrobial peptides from toad Bombina maxima."
DRAMP02090	FLPMLAGLAASMVPKFVCLITKKC	24	"Brevinin-1Lb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82826	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana luteiventris (Spotted frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial activity against  Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	[Ref.10651828]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=8 μM);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=16 μM).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	There is a disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10651828	Eur J Biochem. 2000 Feb;267(3):894-900.	"Goraya J, Wang Y, Li Z, O'Flaherty M, Knoop FC, Platz JE, Conlon JM."	"Peptides with antimicrobial activity from four different families isolated from the skins of the North American frogs Rana luteiventris, Rana berlandieri and Rana pipiens."
DRAMP02091	FLPFIAGMAAKFLPKIFCAISKKC	24	"Brevinin-1Ba (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82833	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana berlandieri (Rio Grande leopard frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. 
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	[Ref.10651828]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=2 μM).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10651828	Eur J Biochem. 2000 Feb;267(3):894-900.	"Goraya J, Wang Y, Li Z, O'Flaherty M, Knoop FC, Platz JE, Conlon JM."	"Peptides with antimicrobial activity from four different families isolated from the skins of the North American frogs Rana luteiventris, Rana berlandieri and Rana pipiens."
DRAMP01829	FLPILINLIHKGLL	14	"Temporin-1Lc (Temporin 1Lc; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82832	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana luteiventris (Spotted frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Leucine amide at position 14. "	[Ref.10651828] Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=125 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	α-Amidation	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10651828	Eur J Biochem. 2000 Feb;267(3):894-900.	"Goraya J, Wang Y, Li Z, O'Flaherty M, Knoop FC, Platz JE, Conlon JM."	"Peptides with antimicrobial activity from four different families isolated from the skins of the North American frogs Rana luteiventris, Rana berlandieri and Rana pipiens."
DRAMP01828	NFLGTLINLAKKIM	14	"Temporin-1Lb (Temporin 1Lb; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82831	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana luteiventris (Spotted frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Methionine amide at position 14. "	[Ref.10651828] Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=48 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	α-Amidation	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10651828	Eur J Biochem. 2000 Feb;267(3):894-900.	"Goraya J, Wang Y, Li Z, O'Flaherty M, Knoop FC, Platz JE, Conlon JM."	"Peptides with antimicrobial activity from four different families isolated from the skins of the North American frogs Rana luteiventris, Rana berlandieri and Rana pipiens."
DRAMP01518	GILSLFTGGIKALGKTLFKMAGKAGAEHLACKATNQC	37	"Esculentin-2L (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82827	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana luteiventris (Great Basin spotted frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	[Ref.10651828]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=3 μM);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=6 μM).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=53 μM).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization of a C-terminal Cys residue (forming a disulfide bond)	There is a disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10651828	Eur J Biochem. 2000 Feb;267(3):894-900.	"Goraya J, Wang Y, Li Z, O'Flaherty M, Knoop FC, Platz JE, Conlon JM."	"Peptides with antimicrobial activity from four different families isolated from the skins of the North American frogs Rana luteiventris, Rana berlandieri and Rana pipiens."
DRAMP01827	VLPLISMALGKLL	13	"Temporin-1La (Temporin 1La; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82830	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana luteiventris (Spotted frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial activity against  Gram-positive bacteria.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Leucine amide at position 13. "	[Ref.10651828] Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=60 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	α-Amidation	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10651828	Eur J Biochem. 2000 Feb;267(3):894-900.	"Goraya J, Wang Y, Li Z, O'Flaherty M, Knoop FC, Platz JE, Conlon JM."	"Peptides with antimicrobial activity from four different families isolated from the skins of the North American frogs Rana luteiventris, Rana berlandieri and Rana pipiens."
DRAMP01517	GFSSIFRGVAKFASKGLGKDLARLGVNLVACKISKQC	37	"Esculentin-2P (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82846	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana pipiens (northern leopard frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-, Antiviral"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial activity against  Gram-negative bacteria.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	[Ref.10651828]Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=10 μM).##[Ref.11601906]Virus:##Frog Virus 3: 90% inhibition at 500 ?M;##Channel Catfish Virus: 90% inhibition at 50 ?M.	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization of a C-terminal Cys residue (forming a disulfide bond)	There is a disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.	L	No cytotoxicity information found in the reference(s) presented	Not found	11601906##10651828	Virology. 2001 Sep 30;288(2):351-7.##Eur J Biochem. 2000 Feb;267(3):894-900.	"Chinchar VG, Wang J, Murti G, Carey C, Rollins-Smith L.##Goraya J, Wang Y, Li Z, O'Flaherty M, Knoop FC, Platz JE, Conlon JM."	"Inactivation of frog virus 3 and channel catfish virus by esculentin-2P and ranatuerin-2P, two antimicrobial peptides isolated from frog skin.##Peptides with antimicrobial activity from four different families isolated from the skins of the North American frogs Rana luteiventris, Rana berlandieri and Rana pipiens."
DRAMP01516	GLFSILRGAAKFASKGLGKDLTKLGVDLVACKISKQC	37	"Esculentin-2B (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82839	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana berlandieri (Rio Grande leopard frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. 
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	[Ref.10651828]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=1 μM);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=1 μM).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=29 μM).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization of a C-terminal Cys residue (forming a disulfide bond)	There is a disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10651828	Eur J Biochem. 2000 Feb;267(3):894-900.	"Goraya J, Wang Y, Li Z, O'Flaherty M, Knoop FC, Platz JE, Conlon JM."	"Peptides with antimicrobial activity from four different families isolated from the skins of the North American frogs Rana luteiventris, Rana berlandieri and Rana pipiens."
DRAMP02077	FLPIIAGIAAKVFPKIFCAISKKC	24	"Brevinin-1Pb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	Q8QFQ5	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana pipiens (Northern leopard frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	[Ref.10651828]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=5 μM);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=14 μM).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=7 μM).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization of a C-terminal Cys residue (forming a disulfide bond)	There is a disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10651828##12413397	Eur J Biochem. 2000 Feb;267(3):894-900.##Biochem J. 2003 Apr 1;371(Pt 1):125-130.	"Goraya J, Wang Y, Li Z, O'Flaherty M, Knoop FC, Platz JE, Conlon JM.##Chen T, Farragher S.M, Bjourson A.J, Orr D.F, Rao P, Shaw C."	"Peptides with antimicrobial activity from four different families isolated from the skins of the North American frogs Rana luteiventris, Rana berlandieri and Rana pipiens.##Granular gland transcriptomes in stimulated amphibian skin secretions."
DRAMP01830	FLPIVGKLLSGLL	13	"Temporin-1P (Temporin-1M; Temporin-1CSa; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82848	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana pipiens (Northern leopard frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. 
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
 PTM: Leucine amide at position 13."	[Ref.10651828] Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=110 ?M).	[Ref.17451843] LC50 = 75 μM against human erythrocytes.	Cyclic	Free	α‐Amidation	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10651828##17451843	Eur J Biochem. 2000 Feb;267(3):894-900.##Peptides 2007; 28: 1268-1274.	"Goraya J, Wang Y, Li Z, O'Flaherty M, Knoop FC, Platz JE, Conlon JM.##Conlon JM, Al-Dhaheri A, Al-Mutawa E, Al-Kharrge R, Ahmed E, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Nielsen PF, Davidson C."	"Peptides with antimicrobial activity from four different families isolated from the skins of the North American frogs Rana luteiventris, Rana berlandieri and Rana pipiens.##Peptide defenses of the Cascades frog Rana cascadae: implications for the evolutionary history of frogs of the Amerana species group."
DRAMP01151	GVGDLIRKAVSVIKNIV	17	"Uperin-3.5 (toads, amphibians, animals)"	P82042	Not found	Not found	Uperoleia mjobergii (Australian toadlet)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Shows antibacterial activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin dorsal glands."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Lactococcus lactis (MIC=3 ?g/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml).(Ref.2)"	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	PubMed ID is not available##15203252	Aust. J. Chem. 1996; 49:475-484.##Peptides. 2004 Jun;25(6):1035-1054.	"Bradford AM, Raftery MJ, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Wallace JC, Adams GW, Severini C.##Apponyi MA, Pukala TL, Brinkworth CS, Maselli VM, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Booker GW, Wallace JC, Carver JA, Separovic F, Doyle J, Llewellyn LE."	"Novel uperin peptides from the dorsal glands of the australian floodplain toadlet Uperoleia inundata.##Host-defence peptides of Australian anurans: structure, mechanism of action and evolutionary significance."
DRAMP01152	GVIDAAKKVVNVLKNLP	17	"Uperin-3.6 (toads, amphibians, animals)"	P82043	Not found	Not found	Uperoleia mjobergii (Australian toadlet)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Alpha helix 	"In 50% (by vol.) trifluoroethanol, an NMR study and structure calculations indicate that uperin 3.6 adopts a well-defined amphipathic alpha-helix with distinct hydrophilic and hydrophobic faces.(Ref.1)"	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity gaginst several Gram-positive bacteria. This peptide could inhibit HIV infection at a concentration that is also toxic to T cells (J Virol 2005; 79:11598-11606).	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Lactococcus lactis (MIC=3 ?g/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml).(Ref.2)"	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10461748##15203252	J Pept Res. 1999 Aug;54(2):137-145.##Peptides. 2004 Jun;25(6):1035-1054.	"Chia BC, Carver JA, Mulhern TD, Bowie JH.##Apponyi MA, Pukala TL, Brinkworth CS, Maselli VM, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Booker GW, Wallace JC, Carver JA, Separovic F, Doyle J, Llewellyn LE."	"The solution structure of uperin 3.6, an antibiotic peptide from the granular dorsal glands of the Australian toadlet, Uperoleia mjobergii.##Host-defence peptides of Australian anurans: structure, mechanism of action and evolutionary significance."
DRAMP01153	GVIAAAKKVVNVLKNLF	17	"Ala4-uperin 3.6 (toads, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Uperoleia mjobergii (Australian toadlet)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity gaginst several Gram-positive bacteria.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=3 ?g/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=25 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10461748	J Pept Res. 1999 Aug;54(2):137-145.	"Chia BC, Carver JA, Mulhern TD, Bowie JH."	"The solution structure of uperin 3.6, an antibiotic peptide from the granular dorsal glands of the Australian toadlet, Uperoleia mjobergii."
DRAMP01154	GVIDAAAKVVNVLKNLF	17	"Ala7-uperin 3.6 (toads, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Uperoleia mjobergii (Australian toadlet)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity gaginst several Gram-positive bacteria.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=50 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10461748	J Pept Res. 1999 Aug;54(2):137-145.	"Chia BC, Carver JA, Mulhern TD, Bowie JH."	"The solution structure of uperin 3.6, an antibiotic peptide from the granular dorsal glands of the Australian toadlet, Uperoleia mjobergii."
DRAMP01155	GVIDAAKKVVNVLANLF	17	"Ala14-uperin 3.6 (toads, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Uperoleia mjobergii (Australian toadlet)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity gaginst several Gram-positive bacteria.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=50 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10461748	J Pept Res. 1999 Aug;54(2):137-145.	"Chia BC, Carver JA, Mulhern TD, Bowie JH."	"The solution structure of uperin 3.6, an antibiotic peptide from the granular dorsal glands of the Australian toadlet, Uperoleia mjobergii."
DRAMP01162	AGRGKQGGKVRAKAKTRSSRAGLQFPVGRVHRLLRKGNY	39	"Buforin-1 (Buforin I; Fragment of Histone H2A; toads, amphibians, animals)"	P55897	Belongs to the histone H2A family	Not found	Bufo gargarizans (Asian toad) (Bufo bufo gargarizans)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
PTM: Monoubiquitination of C-terminus gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression. Following DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), it is ubiquitinated through 'Lys-63' linkage of ubiquitin moieties."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Streptococcus mutans (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas putida (MIC=4 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Serratia sp. (MIC=8 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC=4 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	①The residue at position 5 is N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine or N6-acetyllysine. ②The residue at position 9 is N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine or N6-lactoyllysine or N6-succinyllysine. ③The Lys13 has a interchain with G-Cter in ubiquitin. ④The Lys15 has a interchain with G-Cter in ubiquitin. ⑤The residue at position 36 is N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	DNA	8573171##8946958	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Jan 5;218(1):408-413.##FEBS Lett. 1996 Nov 25;398(1):87-90.	"Park C.B, Kim M.S, Kim S.C.##Yi G.-S, Park C.B, Kim S.C, Cheong C."	A novel antimicrobial peptide from Bufo bufo gargarizans.##Solution structure of an antimicrobial peptide buforin II.
DRAMP01163	TRSSRAGLQFPVGRVHRLLRK	21	"Buforin-2 (Buforin II; Fragment of Histone H2A; toads, amphibians, animals)"	P0DQL2	Belongs to the histone H2A family	Not found	Bufo gargarizans (Asian toad) (Bufo bufo gargarizans)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix	Not found	None	"Function: Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. Both buforin II and its derivative buforin IIb (sequence: RAGLQFPVGRLLRRLLRRLLR) showed selective anticancer activity against 62 cancer cell lines (Lee 2008 Cancer Lett 271: 47-51). Buforin II is more potent than buforin I.
PTM: Monoubiquitination of C-terminus gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression. Following DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), it is ubiquitinated through 'Lys-63' linkage of ubiquitin moieties."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=2 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Streptococcus mutans (MIC=2 ?g/ml), Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas putida (MIC=2 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=1 ?g/ml), Serratia sp. (MIC=4 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=1 ?g/ml), Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC=1 ?g/ml), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC=1 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	① The residue at position 21 is N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine	L	No cytotoxicity information found	DNA	8573171##8946958	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Jan 5;218(1):408-413.##FEBS Lett. 1996 Nov 25;398(1):87-90.	"Park C.B, Kim M.S, Kim S.C.##Yi G.-S, Park C.B, Kim S.C, Cheong C."	A novel antimicrobial peptide from Bufo bufo gargarizans.##Solution structure of an antimicrobial peptide buforin II.
DRAMP01164	GIGALSAKGALKGLAKGLAEHFAN	24	"Bombinin (toads, amphibians, animals)"	P01505	Not found	Not found	Bombina variegata (Yellow-bellied toad)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antimicrobial and hemolytic activities.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation.
Caution: Residue 20 is assigned as E by similarity to other bombin sequences instead of Z (Glutamic acid or Gutamine) given "	[Ref.8223491]Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli D21 (MIC=3 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (MIC=14 ?M).	"[Ref.8223491] The lethal concentration (LC, the lowest concentration that inhibits growth) was over 50 μM"	Linear	Free	Amidation	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	PubMed ID is not available##8223491	Monatsh. Chem. 1970;101:182-189.##EMBO J. 1993; 12:4829-4832.	"Csordas A, Michl H.##Mignogna G, Simmaco M, Kreil G, Barra D."	Isolation and structural resolution of a haemolytically active polypeptide from the immune secretion of a European toad.##Antibacterial and haemolytic peptides containing D-alloisoleucine from the skin of Bombina variegata.
DRAMP01167	GILDAIKAIAKAAG	14	Hylaseptin-P1 (HSP1)	P84292	Not found	Not found	Hyla punctata (Polka-dot tree frog) (Spotted tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Alpha helix 	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity. A weak hemolytic activity has been detected.	"[Ref.14715660]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=6.1-8.0 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=48.8-64.0 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=24.4-32.0 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.14715660] HSP1 MIC concentration (256 μg/mL = 195.2 μM) produced 4.7% hemolysis against human erythrocytes.	Linear	Free	[Ref.11297740] Free  /  [Ref.32828849] Amidation	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	14715660##32828849	"J Biol Chem. 2004 Mar 26;279(13):13018-13026. ##Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr
. 2021 Jan 1;1863(1):183449. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183449. Epub 2020 Aug 21."	"Prates MV, Sfor§a ML, Regis WC, Leite JR, Silva LP, Pertinhez TA, Ara?jo AL, Azevedo RB, Spisni A, Bloch C Jr.##Isabela P Gomes 1, Talita L Santos 1, Amanda N de Souza 1, Lúcio O Nunes, Gabriele A Cardoso, Carolina O Matos, Lívia M F Costa, Luciano M Li?o, Jarbas M Resende, Rodrigo M Verly"	The NMR-derived solution structure of a new cationic antimicrobial peptide from the skin secretion of the anuran Hyla punctata.##Membrane interactions of the anuran antimicrobial peptide HSP1-NH 2: Different aspects of the association to anionic and zwitterionic biomimetic systems
DRAMP01170	NLVSGLIEARKYLEQLHRKLKNCKV	25	"Distinctin 2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Phyllomedusa distincta (Tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Alpha helix (1 helices; 17 residues)	Not found	1XKM resolved by NMR	Comment: Distinctin is constituted of two different polypeptide chains connected by an intermolecular disulphide bridge. The entry is the chain 2 of Distinctin	"Note: Distinctin chain 2 links to Distinctin chain 1 to form a heterodimeric peptide to exert antibacterial function. ##Gram-positive bacteria: Enterococcus faecalis (MIC=14.5 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=28.0 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=28.0 ?M), Escherichia coli (MIC=14.5 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	There is an intermolecular disulphide bridge between Distinctin chain 1 (Cys19) and Distinctin chain 2 (Cys22). 	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	11297740	FEBS Lett. 2001 Apr 6;494(1-2):85-89.	"Batista CV, Scaloni A, Rigden DJ, Silva LR, Rodrigues Romero A, Dukor R, Sebben A, Talamo F, Bloch C."	A novel heterodimeric antimicrobial peptide from the tree-frog Phyllomedusa distincta.
DRAMP01174	GLLDFVTGVGKDIFAQLIKQI	21	"Ocellatin-4 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P85090	Not found	Not found	Leptodactylus ocellatus (Argus frog) (Leptodactylus macrosternum)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes (HC50=14.3 ?M). Has antibacterial activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin dorsal glands."	[Ref.17884127]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=64 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=64 ?M).	[Ref.17884127] HC50 = 14.3 μM against human O+ red blood cells	Linear	Free	Amidation	None	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17884127	Toxicon 2007; 50: 1095-1104.	Nascimento A et al Castro MS.	"Purification, characterization and homology analysis of ocellatin 4, a cytolytic peptide from the skin secretion of the frog Leptodactylus ocellatus."
DRAMP01177	GVVDILKGAAKDIAGHLASKVMNKL	25	"Ocellatin-F1 (Fallaxin; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Leptodactylus fallax (Mountain chicken frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has low hemolytic activity of fallaxin (HC50>200 ?M). 	"[Ref.15544856]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=40 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=80 ?M), Enterobacter cloacae (MIC=20 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=80 ?M)."	[Ref:15544856]HC50>200 μM hemolytic activity of fallaxin	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.15544856]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	15544856	Regul Pept. 2005 Jan 15;124(1-3):173-178.	"Rollins-Smith LA, King JD, Nielsen PF, Sonnevend A, Conlon JM."	An antimicrobial peptide from the skin secretions of the mountain chicken frog Leptodactylus fallax (Anura:Leptodactylidae). 
DRAMP01182	GLLDTLKGAAKNVVGSLASKVMEKL	25	"Ocellatin-P1 (Pentadactylin; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Leptodactylus pentadactylus (South American bullfrog) 	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=25 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae KK3 9904 (MIC=100 ?M), Enterobacter cloacae HNTCC 53001 (MIC=50 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=100 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A (MIC=100 ?M), Streptococcus Group B HNTCC 80130 (MIC=50 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.16236555]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16236555	Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2005 Aug;141(4):393-397.	"King JD, Al-Ghaferi N, Abraham B, Sonnevend A, Leprince J, Nielsen PF, Conlon JM."	Pentadactylin: an antimicrobial peptide from the skin secretions of the South American bullfrog Leptodactylus pentadactylus.
DRAMP01184	GVLDILKGAAKDLAGHVATKVI	22	"SPX(1-22)(truncated peptide of Syphaxin; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Leptodactylus syphax (Burgundy thin-toed frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (MIC=14.6 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=40.5 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.17628627]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17628627	Toxicon. 2007 Sep 15;50(4):572-580.	"Dourado F.S, Leite J.R.S.A, Silva L.P, Melo J.A.T, Bloch C. Jr, Schwartz E.F."	Antimicrobial peptide from the skin secretion of the frog Leptodactylus syphax.
DRAMP01185	GVLDILKGAAKDLAGH	16	"SPX(1-16)(truncated peptide of Syphaxin; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Leptodactylus syphax (Burgundy thin-toed frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (MIC=40.5 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=10.1 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.17628627]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17628627	Toxicon. 2007 Sep 15;50(4):572-580.	"Dourado F.S, Leite J.R.S.A, Silva L.P, Melo J.A.T, Bloch C. Jr, Schwartz E.F."	Antimicrobial peptide from the skin secretion of the frog Leptodactylus syphax.
DRAMP01188	LALKSGGWLRLFGLKDKKH	19	"Chensinin-1ZHa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana zhenhaiensis (Chinese brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2592 (MIC=17 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=35 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 (MIC=9 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=35 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.22943378]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22943778	Zoolog Sci. 2012 Sep;29(9):553-558.	"Xu B, Che H, Kang L, Zheng S, Mu S, Wan F."	"Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from the Skin of Brown Frog, Rana zhenhaiensis."
DRAMP01189	ATNIPFKVHFRCKAAFC	17	"Andersonin-W1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Golden crossband frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Active against bacteria and fungi.	"[Ref.22029824]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=23.5 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC>47 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC>47 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=47 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:22029824] It has no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys12 and Cys17)	Disulfide bond between Cys12 and Cys17.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01190	AVNIPFKVHFRCKAAFC	17	"Andersonin-W2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Golden crossband frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Active against bacteria and fungi.	"[Ref.22029824]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=20.2 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=40.4 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=10.1 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=20.2 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:22029824] It has no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys12 and Cys17)	Disulfide bond between Cys12 and Cys17.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01191	GLFSKFAGKGIVNFLIEGVE	20	"Andersonin-X1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Golden crossband frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Active against bacteria and fungi.	"[Ref.22029824]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=30.5 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=15.3 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=15.3 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=30.5 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:22029824]Not found	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.22029824]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01192	FLPKLFAKITKKNMAHIR	18	"Andersonin-Y1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Golden crossband frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Active against bacteria and fungi.	"[Ref.22029824]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=3.2 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=3.2 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=1.6 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=1.6 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:22029824]Not found	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.22029824]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01194	TSRCIFYRRKKCS	13	"Andersonin-C1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Golden crossband frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Show hemolytic activity against human red blood cells and obvious insulin-stimulating activity at the concentration of 50 ??g/mL.	"[Ref.22029824]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=30 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=30 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC>120 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=30 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:22029824] It has 15.2±2.1% hemolytic activity at 50μg/ml against human red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys4 and Cys12.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01195	FIFPKKNIINSLFGR	15	"Andersonin-D1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Golden crossband frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Weakly active against bacteria and fungi. Andersonin-D1 showes obvious insulin-stimulating activity at the concentration of 50 ??g/mL.	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC>126 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=16 ?g/ml); ##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=16 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=16 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.22029824]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01199	RFIYMKGFGKPRFGKR	16	"Hejiangin-A1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana hejiangensis	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Hejiangin-A1 showes killing effects against the tested strains.	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=25 ?g/ml); ##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=25 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=50 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.22029824]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01200	IPWKLPATFRPVERPFSKPFCRKD	24	"Hejiangin-F1 (frog, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana hejiangensis	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Weakly active against bacteria and fungi and has no hemolytic activity under the test conditions.	"[Ref.22029824]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC>100 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=100 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=100 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=100 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:22029824]Non-hemolytic activity against human red blood cells	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.22029824]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01201	AAPRGGKGFFCKLFKDC	17	"Schmackerin-C1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana schmackeri	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Schmackerin-C1 showes killing effects against the tested strains. 	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=50 ?g/ml); ##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=50 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=100 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys11 and Cys17)	Disulfide bond between Cys11 and Cys17.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01202	GLLDFAKHVIGIASKLG	17	"Fallaxidin 3.2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"B5LUQ7, B5LUR0, B5LUR1, B5LUQ3"	Not found	Not found	Litoria fallax (Eastern dwarf tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Fallaxidin-3.2 shows antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin dorsal glands."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Enterococcus faecalis (MIC=100 ?M), Lactococcus lactis (MIC=500 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear 	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.18803332]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18803332	Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2008 Oct;22(20):3207-3216.	"Jackway RJ, Bowie JH, Bilusich D, Musgrave IF, Surinya-Johnson KH, Tyler MJ, Eichinger PC."	The fallaxidin peptides from the skin secretion of the Eastern Dwarf Tree Frog Litoria fallax. Sequence determination by positive and negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry: antimicrobial activity and cDNA cloning of the fallaxidins.
DRAMP01203	GLLDLAKHVIGIASKL	16	"Fallaxidin 3.1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"B5LUQ8, B5LUQ3"	Not found	Not found	Litoria fallax (Eastern dwarf tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Fallaxidin-3.1 shows antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin dorsal glands."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Enterococcus faecalis (MIC=100 ?M), Lactococcus lactis (MIC=100 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear 	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.18803332]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18803332	Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2008 Oct;22(20):3207-3216.	"Jackway RJ, Bowie JH, Bilusich D, Musgrave IF, Surinya-Johnson KH, Tyler MJ, Eichinger PC."	The fallaxidin peptides from the skin secretion of the Eastern Dwarf Tree Frog Litoria fallax. Sequence determination by positive and negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry: antimicrobial activity and cDNA cloning of the fallaxidins.
DRAMP01204	GLLSFLPKVIGVIGHLIHPPS	21	"Fallaxidin 4.1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	B5LUQ4	Not found	Not found	Litoria fallax (Eastern dwarf tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Fallaxidin-4.1 shows antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria. Inhibits the formation of NO by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (IC50=13.3 ?M).
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin dorsal glands."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Lactococcus lactis (MIC=12 ?M), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=100 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=100 ?M), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=50 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear 	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.18803332]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18803332	Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2008 Oct;22(20):3207-3216.	"Jackway RJ, Bowie JH, Bilusich D, Musgrave IF, Surinya-Johnson KH, Tyler MJ, Eichinger PC."	The fallaxidin peptides from the skin secretion of the Eastern Dwarf Tree Frog Litoria fallax. Sequence determination by positive and negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry: antimicrobial activity and cDNA cloning of the fallaxidins.
DRAMP01208	SIITMTKEAKLPQLWKQIACRLYNTC	26	"Pleurain-A1 (Pleurain A1; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"A8DY01, A8DY00, A8DY02, A8DY03, A8DY04, A8DY09, A8DY10, A8DY15"	Not found	Not found	Rana pleuraden (Yunnan pond frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has little hemolytic activity on red blood cells.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin dorsal glands."	"[Ref.17764786]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=60 ?g/ml), Helicobacter pylori NCTC 11637 (MIC=30 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus dysenteriae (MIC=120 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2592 (MIC=15 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=30 ?g/ml).."	[Ref:17764786] It has little hemolytic activity on red blood cells even with peptide concentration up to 200 μg/ml	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys20 and Cys26)	Disulfide bond between Cys20 and Cys26.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17764786	Peptides. 2007 Oct;28(10):2069-2074.	"Wang X, Song Y, Li J, Liu H, Xu X, Lai R, Zhang K."	A new family of antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of Rana pleuraden
DRAMP01209	SIITMTKEAKLPQSWKQIACRLYNTC	26	"Pleurain-A2 (Pleurain A2; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	A8B5P0	Not found	Not found	Rana pleuraden (Yunnan pond frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has little hemolytic activity on red blood cells.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin dorsal glands."	"[Ref.17764786]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=60 ?g/ml), Helicobacter pylori NCTC 11637 (MIC=30 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus dysenteriae (MIC=60 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2592 (MIC=15 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=30 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:17764786] It has little hemolytic activity on red blood cells even with peptide concentration up to 200 μg/ml	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys20 and Cys26)	Disulfide bond between Cys20 and Cys26.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17764786	Peptides. 2007 Oct;28(10):2069-2074.	"Wang X, Song Y, Li J, Liu H, Xu X, Lai R, Zhang K."	A new family of antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of Rana pleuraden.
DRAMP01214	FLGAIAAALPHVINAVTNAL	20	"Kassinatuerin-2Ma (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Kassina maculata (African hyperoliid frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Alpha helix	"Secondary structure prediction analysis revealed that virtually the entire structure of each kassinatuerin-2 related peptide is composed of alpha-helix, the helix was not amphipathic like many other amphibian skin antimicrobial peptides, in which there is a hydrophobic face and a positively charged faces the latter presumably interacting with the negatively charged glycocalyx of cell membranes."	None	"Function: Natural kassinatuerin-2Ma and their synthetic replicates possessed relatively potent growth inhibitory activity against the Gram-positive bacterium, S. aureus, but were ineffective against the Gram-negative bacterium, E. coli at concentrations up to 200 ?M and were relatively ineffective against the pathogenic yeast, C. albicans (120 ?M). Also possessed hemolytic activity as demonstrated using horse erythrocytes."	[Ref.19427345]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 10788) (MIC=16 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (NCTC 10418) (MIC>200 ?M) (MIC=120 ?M);##Yeast: Candida albicans (NCPF 1467) (MIC=120 ?M).	"[Ref:19427345]18% hemolytic activity at 16 μM, 45–50% hemolytic activity at 120 μM against horse erythrocytes"	Linear 	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.19427345]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19427345	Peptides. 2009 Aug;30(8):1428-1433.	"Wang L, Zhou M, McGrath S, Chen T, Gorman SP, Walker B, Shaw C."	"A family of kassinatuerin-2 related peptides from the skin secretion of the African hyperoliid frog, Kassina maculata."
DRAMP01218	GFMKYIGPLIPHAVKAISDLI	21	"Kassinatuerin-1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P0C010	Not found	Not found	Kassina senegalensis (Senegal running frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix	Not found	None	"Function: Shows broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin dorsal glands."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=6.25 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=25 ?M), Enterobacter cloacae (MIC=6.25 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=25 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=6.25 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=6.25 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC=12.5 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=100 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.15885852]Display cytotoxicity against L929 fibroblasts (LD50=12μM).	Not found	10679222##15885852	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Feb 16;268(2):433-436.##Peptides. 2005 Nov;26(11):2104-2110.	"Mattute B, Knoop FC, Conlon JM.##Conlon JM, Abraham B, Galadari S, Knoop FC, Sonnevend A, P?l T."	"Kassinatuerin-1: a peptide with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity isolated from the skin of the hyperoliid frog, Kassina senegalensis.##Antimicrobial and cytolytic properties of the frog skin peptide, kassinatuerin-1 and its L- and D-lysine-substituted derivatives."
DRAMP01219	SLWENFKNAGKQFILNILDKIRCRVAGGCRT	31	"Palustrin-2LTa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Hylarana latouchii (Broad-folded frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial avctivity.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=1.7 ?M), Bacillus licheniformis X39 (MIC=14 ?M), Psychrobacter faecalis X29 (MIC=1.7 ?M)."	[Ref.22426384] It has hemolytic activities (LD50=220μM) against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys23 and Cys29.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22426384	Biochimie. 2012 Jun;94(6):1317-1326.	"Wang H, Yu Z, Hu Y, Yu H, Ran R, Xia J, Wang D, Yang S, Yang X, Liu J."	"Molecular cloning and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from skin of the broad-folded frog, Hylarana latouchii."
DRAMP01222	GFMDTAKNVAKNVAVTLIDKLRCKVTGGC	29	"Palustrin-2AJ1 (PL2AJ1; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	G3ETQ3	Not found	Not found	Amolops jingdongensis (Chinese torrent frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Displays broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Has hemolytic activity, low cytotoxicity and low antioxidant activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: One disulfide bond (C23-C29) and Cleavage on pair of basic residues."	"[Ref.21816202]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 (MIC=20 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis ATCC29212 (MIC=20 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC25922 (MIC=13 ?M), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 (MIC=20 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 (MIC=33 ?M), Bacillus dysenteriae (MIC=50 ?M)."	[Ref:21816202] IC50=135 μM against human and rabbit erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys23 and Cys29)	Disulfide bond between Cys23 and Cys29.	L	[Ref.21816202] Cytotoxicity: the K562 (IC50=58μM) and HT29 mammalian cell lines(IC50=57μM).	Not found	21816202	Biochimie. 2012 Feb;94(2):328-334.	"Chen Z, Yang X, Liu Z, Zeng L, Lee W, Zhang Y."	"Two novel families of antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of the Chinese torrent frog, Amolops jingdongensis."
DRAMP01227	ALFSILRGLKKLGNMGQAFVNCKIYKKC	28	"Palustrin-1b (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P84275	Not found	Not found	Rana palustris (Pickerel frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=8 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys22 and Cys28)	Disulfide bond between Cys22 and Cys28.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	11087945	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Nov 30;1543(1):95-105.	"Basir YJ, Knoop FC, Dulka J, Conlon JM."	"Multiple antimicrobial peptides and peptides related to bradykinin and neuromedin N isolated from skin secretions of the pickerel frog, Rana palustris."
DRAMP01228	ALSILRGLEKLAKMGIALTNCKATKKC	27	"Palustrin-1c (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"P84276, A7WNV8"	Not found	Not found	Rana palustris (Pickerel frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria E. coli. Possesses insulin-releasing activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=28 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys21 and Cys27)	Disulfide bond between Cys21 and Cys27.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	11087945	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Nov 30;1543(1):95-105.	"Basir YJ, Knoop FC, Dulka J, Conlon JM."	"Multiple antimicrobial peptides and peptides related to bradykinin and neuromedin N isolated from skin secretions of the pickerel frog, Rana palustris."
DRAMP01229	ALSILKGLEKLAKMGIALTNCKATKKC	27	"Palustrin-1d (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P84277	Not found	Not found	Rana palustris (Pickerel frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=28 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys21 and Cys27)	Disulfide bond between Cys21 and Cys27.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	11087945	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Nov 30;1543(1):95-105.	"Basir YJ, Knoop FC, Dulka J, Conlon JM."	"Multiple antimicrobial peptides and peptides related to bradykinin and neuromedin N isolated from skin secretions of the pickerel frog, Rana palustris."
DRAMP01231	GFFSTVKNLATNVAGTVIDTLKCKVTGGCRS	31	"Palustrin-2b (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"P84279, D3UA82"	Not found	Not found	Rana palustris (Pickerel frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=78 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys23 and Cys29.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	11087945	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Nov 30;1543(1):95-105.	"Basir YJ, Knoop FC, Dulka J, Conlon JM."	"Multiple antimicrobial peptides and peptides related to bradykinin and neuromedin N isolated from skin secretions of the pickerel frog, Rana palustris."
DRAMP01232	GFMDTAKNVAKNVAATLLDKLKCKITGGC	29	"Palustrin-2ISc (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	G3XHN9	Not found	Not found	Odorrana ishikawae (Ishikawa's frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=100 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=25 ?M), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=12.5 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys23 and Cys29)	Disulfide bond between Cys23 and Cys29.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21867685	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Sep 9;412(4):673-677. 	"Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Soga M, Okada G, Fujii T, Sumida M, Ukena K."	Characterization of novel antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the endangered frog Odorrana ishikawae by shotgun cDNA cloning.
DRAMP01233	GFLSTVKNLATNVAGTVIDTLKCKVTGGCRS	31	"Palustrin-2c (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P84280	Not found	Not found	Rana palustris (Pickerel frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=120 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys23 and Cys29.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	11087945	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Nov 30;1543(1):95-105.	"Basir YJ, Knoop FC, Dulka J, Conlon JM."	"Multiple antimicrobial peptides and peptides related to bradykinin and neuromedin N isolated from skin secretions of the pickerel frog, Rana palustris."
DRAMP01234	GIFPKIIGKGIKTGIVNGIKSLVKGVGMKVFKAGLNNIGNTGCNEDEC	48	"Palustrin-3a (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P84281	Not found	Not found	Rana palustris (Pickerel frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=1 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys43 and Cys48)	Disulfide bond between Cys43 and Cys48.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	11087945	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Nov 30;1543(1):95-105.	"Basir YJ, Knoop FC, Dulka J, Conlon JM."	"Multiple antimicrobial peptides and peptides related to bradykinin and neuromedin N isolated from skin secretions of the pickerel frog, Rana palustris."
DRAMP01235	GIFPKIIGKGIKTGIVNGIKSLVKGVGMKVFKAGLSNIGNTGCNEDEC	48	"Palustrin-3b (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P84262	Not found	Not found	Rana palustris (Pickerel frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=1 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys43 and Cys48)	Disulfide bond between Cys43 and Cys48.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	11087945	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Nov 30;1543(1):95-105.	"Basir YJ, Knoop FC, Dulka J, Conlon JM."	"Multiple antimicrobial peptides and peptides related to bradykinin and neuromedin N isolated from skin secretions of the pickerel frog, Rana palustris."
DRAMP01237	GFMDTAKNVAKNVAVTLLDKLKCKITGGC	29	"Palustrin-2ISa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana ishikawae	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=100 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=25 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (MIC=100 ?M), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=12.5 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=100 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys23 and Cys29)	Disulfide bond between Cys23 and Cys29.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21193000	Peptides. 2011 Apr;32(4):670-676. 	"Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Ukena K, Okimoto A, Soga M, Okada G, Sano N, Fujii T, Sugawara Y, Sumida M."	Identification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the endangered frog Odorrana ishikawae.
DRAMP01238	GLWNSIKIAGKKLFVNVLDKIRCKVAGGCKTSPDVE	36	"Palustrin-2SIb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana ishikawae	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=6.3 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=6.3 ?M), S. aureus (MRSA) (MIC=100 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys23 and Cys29.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21911019	Peptides. 2011 Oct;32(10):2052-2057.	"Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Okada G, Okimoto A, Fujii T, Sumida M, Ukena K.2011."	Identification and structure-activity relationship of an antimicrobial peptide of the palustrin-2 family isolated from the skin of the endangered frog Odorrana ishikawae.
DRAMP01244	FFPIGVFCKIFKTC	14	"Japonicin-1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P83305	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana japonica (Japanese brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin dorsal glands.	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=30 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC>100 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys8 and Cys14)	Disulfide bond between Cys8 and Cys14.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	11835990	Peptides. 2002;23:419-425	"Isaacson T, Soto A, Iwamuro S, Knoop FC, Conlon JM."	Antimicrobial peptides with atypical structural features from the skin of the Japanese brown frog Rana japonica.
DRAMP01245	FFPLALLCKVFKKC	14	"Japonicin-1CDYa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	B3VZU2	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana dybowskii (Dybovsky's frog) (Korean brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Transcript level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antimicrobial peptide. Lacks hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	[Ref.19539775]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC>100 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=25 ?M).	[Ref:19539775] HC50>300 μM against human red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys8 and Cys14)	Disulfide bond between Cys8 and Cys14.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19539775	Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2009 Oct;154(2):174-178.	"Jin LL, Li Q, Song SS, Feng K, Zhang DB, Wang QY, Chen YH."	"Characterization of antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skin of the Chinese frog, Rana dybowskii."
DRAMP01246	FGLPMLSILPKALCILLKRKC	21	"Japonicin-2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P83306	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana japonica (Japanese brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=12 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=20 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys14 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys14 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	11835990	Peptides. 2002;23:419-425.	"Isaacson T, Soto A, Iwamuro S, Knoop FC, Conlon JM."	Antimicrobial peptides with atypical structural features from the skin of the Japanese brown frog Rana japonica.
DRAMP01248	FLIGMTHGLICLISRKC	17	"Dybowskin-1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana dybowskii (Korea brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Dybowskin-1 has low hemolytic activity against human red blood cells (hRBCs).	"[Ref.17698251]Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus ATCC4698 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus KCTC3881 (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633 (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 (MIC=60 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:17698251] It has 0.99% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/ml against huamn red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys11 and Cys17)	Disulfide bond between Cys11 and Cys17.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17698251	Peptides 2007; 28: 1532-1539. 	"Kim SS, Shim MS, Chung J, Lim DY, Lee BJ."	Purification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretion of Rana dybowskii.
DRAMP01249	FLIGMTQGLICLITRKC	17	"Dybowskin-2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana dybowskii (Korea brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Dybowskin-2 has hemolytic activity against human red blood cells (hRBCs).	"[Ref.17698251]Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus ATCC4698 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus KCTC3881 (MIC=15 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633 (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228 (MIC=25 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Shigella dysenteriae ATCC9752 (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli KCTC2433 (MIC=60 ?g/ml), Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC10031 (MIC=60 ?g/ml), Proteus mirabilis ATCC25933 (MIC>100 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC36232 (MIC=100 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:17698251] It has 10.99% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/ml against human red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys11 and Cys17)	Disulfide bond between Cys11 and Cys17.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17698251	Peptides 2007; 28: 1532-1539. 	"Kim SS, Shim MS, Chung J, Lim DY, Lee BJ."	Purification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretion of Rana dybowskii.
DRAMP01250	GLFDVVKGVLKGVGKNVAGSLLEQLKCKLSGGC	33	"Dybowskin-3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana dybowskii (Korea brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Dybowskin-3 has hemolytic activity against human red blood cells (hRBCs).	"[Ref.17698251]Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus ATCC4698 (MIC=39 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus KCTC3881 (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633 (MIC=60 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228 (MIC=60 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Shigella dysenteriae ATCC9752 (MIC=15 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli KCTC2433 (MIC=15 ?g/ml), Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC10031 (MIC>100 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC36232 (MIC=100 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:17698251] It has 1.86% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/ml against human red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17698251	Peptides 2007; 28: 1532-1539. 	"Kim SS, Shim MS, Chung J, Lim DY, Lee BJ."	Purification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretion of Rana dybowskii.
DRAMP01251	VWPLGLVICKALKIC	15	"Dybowskin-4 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana dybowskii (Korea brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Dybowskin-4 has relatively greater hemolytic activity against human red blood cells (hRBCs).	"[Ref.17698251]Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus ATCC4698 (MIC=1.56 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus KCTC3881 (MIC=3.13 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Shigella dysenteriae ATCC9752 (MIC=30 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli KCTC2433 (MIC=15 ?g/ml), Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC10031 (MIC=15 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC36232 (MIC=25 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:17698251] It has 47.58% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/ml against human red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys9 and Cys15)	Disulfide bond between Cys9 and Cys15.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17698251	Peptides 2007; 28: 1532-1539. 	"Kim SS, Shim MS, Chung J, Lim DY, Lee BJ."	Purification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretion of Rana dybowskii.
DRAMP01252	GLFSVVTGVLKAVGKNVAKNVGGSLLEQLKCKKISGGC	38	"Dybowskin-5 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana dybowskii (Korea brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Dybowskin-5 has hemolytic activity against human red blood cells (hRBCs).	"[Ref.17698251]Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus ATCC4698 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus KCTC3881 (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633 (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228 (MIC=50 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Shigella dysenteriae ATCC9752 (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli KCTC2433 (MIC=60 ?g/ml), Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC10031 (MIC=50 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC36232 (MIC=50 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:17698251] It has 17.84% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/ml against human red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys31 and Cys37)	Disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17698251	Peptides 2007; 28: 1532-1539. 	"Kim SS, Shim MS, Chung J, Lim DY, Lee BJ."	Purification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretion of Rana dybowskii.
DRAMP01253	FLPLLLAGLPLKLCFLFKKC	20	"Dybowskin-6 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana dybowskii (Korea brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Dybowskin-6 has relatively greater hemolytic activity against human red blood cells (hRBCs).	"Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus ATCC4698 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus KCTC3881 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633 (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228 (MIC=50 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=50 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:17698251] It has 59.39% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/ml against huamn red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys14 and Cys20)	Disulfide bond between Cys14 and Cys20.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	[Ref:17698251]59.39% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/ml against huamn red blood cells	17698251	Peptides. 2007 Aug;28(8):1532-1539.	"Kim SS, Shim MS, Chung J, Lim DY, Lee BJ."	Purification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretion of Rana dybowskii.
DRAMP01254	IIPLPLGYFAKKT	13	"Dybowskin-1CDYa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	B5A9S9	Not found	Not found	Rana dybowskii (Dybovsky's frog) (Korean brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=6 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=3 ?M). 	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear 	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.19539775]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19539775	Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2009 Oct;154(2):174-178.	"Jin LL, Li Q, Song SS, Feng K, Zhang DB, Wang QY, Chen YH."	"Characterization of antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skin of the Chinese frog, Rana dybowskii."
DRAMP01255	SAVGRHGRRFGLRKHRKH	18	"Dybowskin-2CDYa (Chensinin-1; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	B5A9T1	Not found	Not found	Rana dybowskii (Dybovsky's frog) (Korean brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Transcript level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antimicrobial peptide. Has activity against the Gram-positive bacteria: S. aureus and the Gram-negative bacteria E. coli. Lacks hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	"[Ref.19539775] Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=3 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=6 ?M).##[Ref.19341344] Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=14.4 ?M), Bacillus cereus (MIC=14.4 ?M), Streptococcus lactis (MIC=14.4 ?M)."	[Ref:19539775]HC50>300 μM against human red blood cells	Linear 	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.19539775]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.19341344]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19539775##19341344	Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2009 Oct;154(2):174-178.##Zoolog Sci. 2009 Mar;26(3):220-226.	"Jin LL, Li Q, Song SS, Feng K, Zhang DB, Wang QY, Chen YH.##Shang D, Yu F, Li J, Zheng J, Zhang L, Li Y."	"Characterization of antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skin of the Chinese frog, Rana dybowskii.##Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding antimicrobial peptide precursors from the skin of the Chinese brown frog, Rana chensinensis."
DRAMP01257	GLWSKIKAAGKEAAKAAAKAAGKAALNAVSEAV	33	"Dermadistinctin-K (DD K; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P83638	Not found	Not found	Phyllomedusa distincta (Monkey frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal, Antiprotozoal"	Protein level	Alpha helix	Not found	"2K9B, 2JX6 resolved by NMR."	"Function: Also has antiprotozoal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi. Decreases viability of murine peritoneal cells. Fuses to, and disrupts liposomes.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=4.7 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC>19 ?M);Gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=2.4 ?M), Escherichia coli (MIC=0.6 ?M).##Fungi: Candida tropicalis (MIC=10.1 ?M), Candida guilliermondii (MIC=20.3 ?M), Candida albicans (MIC=20.3 ?M), Candida albicans ATCC 1023 (MIC=10.1 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.10477123]No cytotoxicity information found	liposomes	10477123	Peptides. 1999;20(6):679-686.	"Batista CV, da Silva LR, Sebben A, Scaloni A, Ferrara L, Paiva GR, Olamendi-Portugal T, Possani LD, Bloch C Jr."	Antimicrobial peptides from the Brazilian frog Phyllomedusa distincta.
DRAMP01258	ALWKTLLKNVGKAAGKAALNAVTDMVNQ	28	"Dermadistinctin-L (DD L; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P83639	Not found	Not found	Phyllomedusa distincta (Monkey frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal, Antiprotozoal"	Protein level	Alpha helix	Not found	None	"Function: Also has antiprotozoal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi. Decreases viability of murine peritoneal cells. Fuses to, and disrupts liposomes. Show little hemolytic activity against human red blood cells.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	"[Ref.10477123]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=1.3 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC=10 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=40 ?M), Escherichia coli (MIC=2.5 ?M);##[Ref.17442605]Fungi: Candida tropicalis (MIC=10.9 ?M), Candida guilliermondii (MIC=21.8 ?M), Candida albicans (MIC=21.8 ?M), Candida albicans ATCC 1023 (MIC=10.9 ?M)."	[Ref:10477123]Show some hemolytic starting at 12.5 μM against human blood	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.10477123]No cytotoxicity information found	liposomes	10477123##12379643##17409003##17442605	Peptides. 1999;20(6):679-686.##J Biol Chem. 2002 Dec 20;277(51):49332-49340.##Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2008 Nov;151(3):329-335.##Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2008 Nov;151(3):336-343.	"Batista CV, da Silva LR, Sebben A, Scaloni A, Ferrara L, Paiva GR, Olamendi-Portugal T, Possani LD, Bloch C Jr.##Brand GD, Leite JR, Silva LP, Albuquerque S, Prates MV, Azevedo RB, Carregaro V, Silva JS, S?? VC, Brand??o RA, Bloch C Jr.##Silva LP, Leite JR, Brand GD, Regis WB, Tedesco AC, Azevedo RB, Freitas SM, Bloch C Jr.##Leite JR, Brand GD, Silva LP, K??ckelhaus SA, Bento WR, Ara??jo AL, Martins GR, Lazzari AM, Bloch C Jr."	"Antimicrobial peptides from the Brazilian frog Phyllomedusa distincta.##Dermaseptins from Phyllomedusa oreades and Phyllomedusa distincta. Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity without cytotoxicity to mammalian cells.##Dermaseptins from Phyllomedusa oreades and Phyllomedusa distincta: liposomes fusion and/or lysis investigated by fluorescence and atomic force microscopy.##Dermaseptins from Phyllomedusa oreades and Phyllomedusa distincta: Secondary structure, antimicrobial activity, and mammalian cell toxicity."
DRAMP01259	ALWKTMLKKLGTMALHAGKAAFGAAADTISQ	31	"Dermadistinctin-M (DD M; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P83640	Not found	Not found	Phyllomedusa distincta (Monkey frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Amphibian defense peptide.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=38 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC>38 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=38 ?M), Escherichia coli (MIC=9.7 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.10477123]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10477123	Peptides. 1999;20(6):679-686.	"Batista CV, da Silva LR, Sebben A, Scaloni A, Ferrara L, Paiva GR, Olamendi-Portugal T, Possani LD, Bloch C Jr."	Antimicrobial peptides from the Brazilian frog Phyllomedusa distincta.
DRAMP01260	ALWKNMLKGIGKLAGQAALGAVKTLVGAES	30	"Dermadistinctin-Q1 (DD Q1; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P83641	Not found	Not found	Phyllomedusa distincta (Monkey frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Amphibian defense peptide.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=2.7 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC=22 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=5.4 ?M), Escherichia coli (MIC=1.3 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.10477123]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10477123	Peptides. 1999;20(6):679-686.	"Batista CV, da Silva LR, Sebben A, Scaloni A, Ferrara L, Paiva GR, Olamendi-Portugal T, Possani LD, Bloch C Jr."	Antimicrobial peptides from the Brazilian frog Phyllomedusa distincta.
DRAMP01261	GLWSKIKEAAKTAGLMAMGFVNDMV	25	"Dermadistinctin-Q2 (DD Q2; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P83642	Not found	Not found	Phyllomedusa distincta (Monkey frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Amphibian defense peptide.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=22 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC=11 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=22 ?M), Escherichia coli (MIC=5.6 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.10477123]To produce hemolysis more than 38 μM peptide concentrations was required. 	Not found	10477123	Peptides. 1999;20(6):679-686.	"Batista CV, da Silva LR, Sebben A, Scaloni A, Ferrara L, Paiva GR, Olamendi-Portugal T, Possani LD, Bloch C Jr."	Antimicrobial peptides from the Brazilian frog Phyllomedusa distincta.
DRAMP01288	FLSLIPHIVSGVASIAKHF	19	"Phylloseptin-1 (PSN-1; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	E3PQH3	Not found	PSN-1	Phyllomedusa sauvagei (Sauvage's leaf frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	Function: PSN-1 displayed broad-spectrum activity against a range of planktonic organisms.	"S. aureus (MIC=5 ?M), Escherichia coli and Candida albicans."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear 	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.20451254]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	20451254	Mol Immunol. 2010 Jul;47(11-12):2030-2037.	"Zhang R, Zhou M, Wang L, McGrath S, Chen T, Chen X, Shaw C."	Phylloseptin-1 (PSN-1) from Phyllomedusa sauvagei skin secretion: a novel broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide with antibiofilm activity.
DRAMP01301	FLSLIPHAINAVSAIAKHN	19	"Phylloseptin-1 (PS-1; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P84566	Not found	psn1	Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis (Orange-legged leaf frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal, Antiprotozoal"	Protein level	Alpha helix (1 helices; 14 residues)	The antimicrobial phylloseptin peptides adopt alpha-helical conformations in membrane environments which are stabilized by electrostatic interactions of the helix dipole as well as other contributions such hydrophobic and capping interactions.(Ref.2)	2JQ0 resolved by NMR.	"Function: Atomic force microscopy experiments indicated that the bacteriolytic properties of these peptides might be related to their disruptive action on the cell membrane. PS-1 did not exhibit significant hemolytic activity on human erythrocytes.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	"[Ref.15752569]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=7.9 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC=4.0 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=7.9 ?M), Psecdomonas aeruginosa (MIC=4 ?M), Psecdomonas aeruginosa wt (MIC=3 ?M)."	"[Ref:15752569]0.3% hemolytic activity at 4 μM, 0.57% hemolytic activity at 8 μM, 0.6% hemolytic activity at 16 μM, 0.98% hemolytic activity at 32 μM, 1.98% hemolytic activity at 64 μM against human red blood cells"	Linear 	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[REf.15752569]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.18656510]No cytotoxicity information found	Cell membrane	15752569##18656510	Peptides. 2005 Apr;26(4):565-573.##Peptides. 2008 Oct;29(10):1633-1644. 	"Leite JR, Silva LP, Rodrigues MI, Prates MV, Brand GD, Lacava BM, Azevedo RB, Bocca AL, Albuquerque S, Bloch C Jr.##Resende JM, Moraes CM, Prates MV, Cesar A, Almeida FC, Mundim NC, Valente AP, Bemquerer MP, Pil??-Veloso D, Bechinger B."	"Phylloseptins: a novel class of anti-bacterial and anti-protozoan peptides from the Phyllomedusa genus.##Solution NMR structures of the antimicrobial peptides phylloseptin-1, -2, and -3 and biological activity: the role of charges and hydrogen bonding interactions in stabilizing helix conformations."
DRAMP01302	FLSLIPHAINAVSTLVHHF	19	"Phylloseptin-2 (PS-2; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"P85881, P84567, Q0VZ43"	Not found	psn2	Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis (Orange-legged leaf frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix (1 helices; 14 residues)	The antimicrobial phylloseptin peptides adopt alpha-helical conformations in membrane environments which are stabilized by electrostatic interactions of the helix dipole as well as other contributions such hydrophobic and capping interactions.(Ref.2)	2JPY resolved by NMR.	"Function: Has antimicrobial activity. PS-2 did not exhibit significant hemolytic activity on human erythrocytes.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	"[Ref.18656510][ATCC Strains]: Gram-positive bacteria: S. aureus (MIC=15.1 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=60.4 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=60.4 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=60.4 ?M);##[Wild Type]: Gram-positive bacteria: S. aureus (MIC=7.6 ?M), S. agalactiae (MIC=1.9 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=60.4 ?M), A. calcoaceticus (MIC=3.7 ?M);##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=15.1 ?M)."	"[Ref:15752569]0.1% hemolytic activity at 4 μM, 0.28% hemolytic activity at 4 μM, 0.7% hemolytic activity at 8 μM, 0.8% hemolytic activity at 16 μM, 1.05% hemolytic activity at 32 μM, 2.05% hemolytic activity at 64 μM against human red blood cells"	Linear 	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[REf.15752569]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.18656510]No cytotoxicity information found	Cell membrane	15752569##18656510	Peptides. 2005 Apr;26(4):565-573.##Peptides. 2008 Oct;29(10):1633-1644. 	"Leite JR, Silva LP, Rodrigues MI, Prates MV, Brand GD, Lacava BM, Azevedo RB, Bocca AL, Albuquerque S, Bloch C Jr.##Resende JM, Moraes CM, Prates MV, Cesar A, Almeida FC, Mundim NC, Valente AP, Bemquerer MP, Pil??-Veloso D, Bechinger B."	"Phylloseptins: a novel class of anti-bacterial and anti-protozoan peptides from the Phyllomedusa genus.##Solution NMR structures of the antimicrobial peptides phylloseptin-1, -2, and -3 and biological activity: the role of charges and hydrogen bonding interactions in stabilizing helix conformations."
DRAMP01303	FLSLIPHAINAVSALANHG	19	"Phylloseptin-3 (PS-3; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P84568	Not found	psn3	Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis (Orange-legged leaf frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix (1 helices; 11 residues)	The antimicrobial phylloseptin peptides adopt alpha-helical conformations in membrane environments which are stabilized by electrostatic interactions of the helix dipole as well as other contributions such hydrophobic and capping interactions.(Ref.2)	2JQ1 resolved by NMR.	"Function: Has antimicrobial activity (By similarity).
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	"[ATCC Strains]: Gram-positive bacteria: S. aureus (MIC=32.9 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=65.6 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=65.6 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=65.6 ?M). NOTE: Initial inoculum of 108 cells/Ml.##[Wild Type]: Gram-positive bacteria: S. aureus (MIC=8.2 ?M), S. agalactiae (MIC=4.1 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=32.8 ?M), A. calcoaceticus (MIC=4.1 ?M).##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=8.2 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear 	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.15752569]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.18656510]No cytotoxicity information found	Cell membrane	15752569##18656510	Peptides. 2005 Apr;26(4):565-573.##Peptides. 2008 Oct;29(10):1633-1644. 	"Leite JR, Silva LP, Rodrigues MI, Prates MV, Brand GD, Lacava BM, Azevedo RB, Bocca AL, Albuquerque S, Bloch C Jr.##Resende JM, Moraes CM, Prates MV, Cesar A, Almeida FC, Mundim NC, Valente AP, Bemquerer MP, Pil??-Veloso D, Bechinger B."	"Phylloseptins: a novel class of anti-bacterial and anti-protozoan peptides from the Phyllomedusa genus.##Solution NMR structures of the antimicrobial peptides phylloseptin-1, -2, and -3 and biological activity: the role of charges and hydrogen bonding interactions in stabilizing helix conformations."
DRAMP01305	FLSLIPHAINAVSAIAKHFG	20	"Phylloseptin-7 (PS-7; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"P84572, Q0VZ42"	Not found	psn7	Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis (Orange-legged leaf frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria E. coli and P. aeruginosa, and the Gram-positive bacteria: S. aureus. No hemolytic activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	"[Ref.16963159]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=6 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=6 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=6 ?M)"	[Ref:16963159]Non-hemolytic activity at 6 μM against human erythrocytes	Linear 	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.16713656]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16963159##16713656	Peptides. 2006 Dec;27(12):3092-3999.##Peptides. 2006 Sep;27(9):2129-2136.	"Concei?§??o K, Konno K, Richardson M, Antoniazzi MM, Jared C, Daffre S, Camargo AC, Pimenta DC.##Chen T, Zhou M, Gagliardo R, Walker B, Shaw C."	"Isolation and biochemical characterization of peptides presenting antimicrobial activity from the skin of Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis.##Elements of the granular gland peptidome and transcriptome persist in air-dried skin of the South American orange-legged leaf frog, Phyllomedusa hypocondrialis."
DRAMP01306	FLSLIPHAINAVSAIAKHF	19	"Phylloseptin-7 (PS-7; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P85882	Not found	Not found	Phyllomedusa azurea (Orange-legged monkey frog) (Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis azurea)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity but does not inhibit the growth of the fungus C. albicans.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Phenylalanine amide at F19."	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 11775 (MIC=7.2 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12600 (MIC=3.6 ?M), Micrococcus luteus ATCC 49732 (MIC=1.8 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear 	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.16963159]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.17553595]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17553595##16963159	Peptides. 2007 Jul;28(7):1331-1343.##Peptides. 2006 Dec;27(12):3092-3099.	"Thompson AH, Bjourson AJ, Orr DF, Shaw C, McClean S.##Concei??o K, Konno K, Richardson M, Antoniazzi MM, Jared C, Daffre S, Camargo AC, Pimenta DC."	A combined mass spectrometric and cDNA sequencing approach to the isolation and characterization of novel antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis azurea.##Isolation and biochemical characterization of peptides presenting antimicrobial activity from the skin of Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis. 
DRAMP01314	FLSLLPSIVSGAVSLAKKLG	20	"Phylloseptin 12 (PS-12; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	Q17UY9	Not found	psn-12	Phyllomedusa azurea (Orange-legged monkey frog) (Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis azurea)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacterium M. luteus. Does not inhibit the growth of the fungus C. albicans.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	Gram-positive bacterium: Micrococcus luteus ATCC 49732 (MIC=1.3 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear 	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.17553595]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17553595	Peptides. 2007 Jul;28(7):1331-1343.	"Thompson AH, Bjourson AJ, Orr DF, Shaw C, McClean S."	A combined mass spectrometric and cDNA sequencing approach to the isolation and characterization of novel antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis azurea.
DRAMP01319	RRSRRGRGGGRRGGSGGRGGRGGGGRSGAGSSIAGVGSRGGGGGRHYA	48	"Cathelicidin-AL (Gly-rich; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Amolops loloensis	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Also has antifungal activity against C. albicans.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC43300 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=100 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ML-35P (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Psecdomonas aeruginosa PA01 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), Psecdomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=50 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear 	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.22009138]No cytotoxic against HUVEC or  RMMCs at the concentration of 0.4 mg/ml.	Not found	22009138	Amino Acids. 2012 Aug;43(2):677-685.	"Hao X, Yang H, Wei L, Yang S, Zhu W, Ma D, Yu H, Lai R."	Amphibian cathelicidin fills the evolutionary gap of cathelicidin in vertebrate.
DRAMP01320	AAFRGCWTKNYSPKPCL	17	"Ranacyclin-B-AL1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Amolops loloensis (Ranidae frogs)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial activity.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=51 ?M), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=26 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys6 and Cys16.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21927839	Amino Acids. 2012 Jul;43(1):309-316.	"Yan X, Liu H, Yang X, Che Q, Liu R, Yang H, Liu X, You D, Wang A, Li J, Lai R."	Bi-functional peptides with both trypsin-inhibitory and antimicrobial activities are frequent defensive molecules in Ranidae amphibian skins.
DRAMP01339	FLPIVGKLLSGLSGLL	16	"Amolopin-2a (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Amolops loloensis (Rufous-spotted torrent frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Also has antifungal activity against C. albicans.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=2.00 ?g/ml), Bacillus dysenteriae (MIC=1.50 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=3.00 ?g/ml).##Candida albicans (MIC=6.50 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.17000029]Display cytotoxicity against HepG2(IC50=77 mg/ml).	Not found	17000029	Peptides. 2006 Dec;27(12):3085-3091. 	"Lu Y, Li J, Yu H, Xu X, Liang J, Tian Y, Ma D, Lin G, Huang G, Lai R."	"Two families of antimicrobial peptides with multiple functions from skin of rufous-spotted torrent frog, Amolops loloensis."
DRAMP01341	FLPLAVSLAANFLPKLFCKITKKC	24	"Amolopin-1b (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	A0SN42	Not found	Not found	Amolops loloensis (Rufous-spotted torrent frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Also has antifungal activity against C. albicans.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=5.50 ?g/ml), Bacillus dysenteriae (MIC=2.20 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=6.50 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=7.50 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization(Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bridge between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	[Ref.17000029]Display cytotoxicity against HepG2(IC50=58 mg/ml).	Not found	17000029	Peptides. 2006 Dec;27(12):3085-3091. 	"Lu Y, Li J, Yu H, Xu X, Liang J, Tian Y, Ma D, Lin G, Huang G, Lai R."	"Two families of antimicrobial peptides with multiple functions from skin of rufous-spotted torrent frog, Amolops loloensis."
DRAMP01346	VIGSILGALASGLPTLISWIKNR	23	"Prepromelittin-related peptide (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	A7BJK5	Not found	prMRP	Rana sakuraii (Japanese brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Also has antifungal activity against C. albicans.	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=25 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=6 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=25 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.17174009]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.17826868]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17174009##17826868	Peptides. 2007;28(3):505-514.##Peptides. 2007 Oct;28(10):2061-2068.	"Suzuki H, Iwamuro S, Ohnuma A, Coquet L, Leprince J, Jouenne T, Vaudry H, Taylor CK, Abel PW, Conlon JM.##Suzuki H, Conlon JM, Iwamuro S."	Expression of genes encoding antimicrobial and bradykinin-related peptides in skin of the stream brown frog Rana sakuraii.##Evidence that the genes encoding the melittin-related peptides in the skins of the Japanese frogs Rana sakuraii and Rana tagoi are not orthologous to bee venom melittin genes: developmental- and tissue-dependent gene expression.
DRAMP01347	AIGSILGALAKGLPTLISWIKNR	23	"Prepromelittin-related peptide (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	A7BJK6	Not found	prMRP	Rana tagoi (Tago frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Transcript level	Alpha helix	Not found	6dst resolved by NMR (related PDB_ID)	Function: Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Antifungal activity against C. albicans.	"[Ref.12804591]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=3.5 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=20 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=19 ?M).##EL4 T-lymphoma cells (MIC=14 ?M).##[Ref.27271216]Gram-positive bacteria : Staphylococcuss aureus (MIC=6.25 μM), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=3.13 μM), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=3.13 μM);##Gram-negative bacteria : Escherichia coli (MIC=25 μM), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=12.5 μM), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=12.5 μM)"	[Ref.27271216] 100% hemolysis at 20 μM against human red blood cells	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.12804591]Display cytotoxic against L929 fibroblasts(LC50=20 μM);EL4 T-lymphoma cells(LC50=14 μM).##[Ref.27271216]L929 cells:Cell viability is approximately 10% at the concentration of 6.25?μM.	Not found	12804591##17174009##27271216	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Jun 27;306(2):496-500.##Peptides. 2007;28(3):505-514.##Sci Rep. 2016 Jun 8;6:27394.	"Conlon JM, Sonnevend A, Patel M, Camasamudram V, Nowotny N, Zilahi E, Iwamuro S, Nielsen PF, Pál T##Suzuki H, Iwamuro S, Ohnuma A, Coquet L, Leprince J, Jouenne T, Vaudry H, Taylor CK, Abel PW, Conlon JM.##Shi-KunZhang, Jin-wen Song, FengGong, Su-Bo Li, Hong-Yu Chang, Hui-MinXie, Hong-WeiGao, Ying-XiaTan & Shou-Ping Ji"	"A melittin-related peptide from the skin of the Japanese frog, Rana tagoi, with antimicrobial and cytolytic properties##Expression of genes encoding antimicrobial and bradykinin-related peptides in skin of the stream brown frog Rana sakuraii##Design of an α-helical antimicrobial peptide with improved cell selective and potent anti-biofilm activity"
DRAMP01350	FCTMIPIPRCY	11	"Tigerinin-1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82651	Not found	Not found	Rana tigerina (Indian bull frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Also has antifungal activity against C. albicans.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=30 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 8530 (MIC=30 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus MT 166 (MIC=20 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=40 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas putida NCIM 2102 (MIC=40 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 8530 (MIC=80 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.11031261] It exhibits no hemolytic activity up to a concentration of 200 μg/ml against rat erythrocytes.	Cyclic	Free	Amidation	Disulfide bond between Cys2 and Cys10.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Cell membrane	11031261	J Biol Chem. 2001 Jan 26;276(4):2701-2707. 	"Sai KP, Jagannadham MV, Vairamani M, Raju NP, Devi AS, Nagaraj R, Sitaram N."	Tigerinins: novel antimicrobial peptides from the Indian frog Rana tigerina.
DRAMP01351	RVCFAIPLPICH	12	"Tigerinin-2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82652	Not found	Not found	Rana tigerina (Indian bull frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Also has antifungal activity against C. albicans.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=20 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 8530 (MIC=40 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus MT 166 (MIC=20 ?g/ml).##Gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas putida NCIM 2102 (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli (MIC=50 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 8530 (MIC=100 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.11031261] It exhibits no hemolytic activity up to a concentration of 200 μg/ml against rat erythrocytes.	Cyclic	Free	Amidation	Disulfide bond between Cys3 and Cys11.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Cell membrane	11031261	J Biol Chem. 2001 Jan 26;276(4):2701-2707. 	"Sai KP, Jagannadham MV, Vairamani M, Raju NP, Devi AS, Nagaraj R, Sitaram N."	Tigerinins: novel antimicrobial peptides from the Indian frog Rana tigerina.
DRAMP01352	RVCYAIPLPICY	12	"Tigerinin-3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82653	Not found	Not found	Rana tigerina (Indian bull frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Also has antifungal activity against C. albicans.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=30 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 8530 (MIC=30 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus MT 166 (MIC=30 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=40 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas putida NCIM 2102 (MIC=40 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 8530 (MIC=80 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.11031261] It exhibits no hemolytic activity up to a concentration of 200 μg/ml against rat erythrocytes.	Cyclic	Free	Amidation	Disulfide bond between Cys3 and Cys11.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Cell membrane	11031261	J Biol Chem. 2001 Jan 26;276(4):2701-2707. 	"Sai KP, Jagannadham MV, Vairamani M, Raju NP, Devi AS, Nagaraj R, Sitaram N."	Tigerinins: novel antimicrobial peptides from the Indian frog Rana tigerina.
DRAMP01353	RVCYAIPLPIC	11	"Tigerinin-4 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82654	Not found	Not found	Rana tigerina (Indian bull frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Beta strand-turn	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Also has antifungal activity against C. albicans.	"Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 8530 (MIC=50 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=60 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas putida NCIM 2102 (MIC=60 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 8530 (MIC=100 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.11031261] It exhibits no hemolytic activity up to a concentration of 200 μg/ml against rat erythrocytes.	Cyclic	Free	Amidation;Cyclization (Cys3 and Cys11)	Disulfide bond between Cys3 and Cys11.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Cell membrane	11031261	J Biol Chem. 2001 Jan 26;276(4):2701-2707. 	"Sai KP, Jagannadham MV, Vairamani M, Raju NP, Devi AS, Nagaraj R, Sitaram N."	Tigerinins: novel antimicrobial peptides from the Indian frog Rana tigerina.
DRAMP01354	LVRGCWTKSYPPKPCFVR	18	"Peptide leucine arginine (pLR; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"Q90WP7, P82110"	Not found	Not found	Rana pipiens (Northern leopard frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Mast cell degranulating peptide. Antiproliferative activity against human breast and ovarian tumor cell lines in vitro. Inhibits granulopoiesis in rat in vitro. Causes histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro. Has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria: B.megaterium Bm11, S. lentus and M.luteus, and antifungal activity against C.tropicalis, C.guiller-mondii and P.nicotianae spores. Has hemolytic activity. The mature peptide inserts into the hydrophobic core of the bacterial cell membrane and increases permeability without disrupting membrane integrity. Probably binds to the outer membrane surface before aggregating to form transmembrane pores."	"[Ref.11099505]Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megaterium Bm11 (MIC=20 ?M), Staphylococcus lentus (MIC=50 ?M), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=10 ?M);##Fungi: Candida tropicalis (MIC=11 ?M), Candida guillermondii (MIC=6.6 ?M), Phytophthora nicotianae spores (MIC=75 ?M)."	[Ref:11099505] It has 2.5% hemolytic activity at 100 μM against human red blood	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys5 and Cys15.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	11099505	J. Biol. Chem. 2001;276:10145-10152.	"Salmon A.L, Cross L.J.M, Irvine A.E, Lappin T.R.J, Dathe M, Krause G, Canning P, Thim L, Beyermann M, Rothemund S, Bienert M, Shaw C."	"Peptide leucine arginine, a potent immunomodulatory peptide, isolated and structurally characterized from the skin of the Northern Leopard frog, Rana pipiens."
DRAMP01355	FLGGLIKIVPAMICAVTKKC	20	"Ranalexin (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P39084	Not found	Not found	Lithobates catesbeiana (American bullfrog) (Rana catesbeiana)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Potent microbicidal activity, active against S.aureus and E.coli. It acts as well as a membrane-disruptive agent at higher concentrations.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin dorsal glands.
Developmental stage: Expression starts at metamorphosis and continues into adulthood.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 14-20."	"Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=4 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=32 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=128 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys14 and Cys20)	Disulfide bond between Cys14 and Cys20.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	8144672##9578480	J Biol Chem. 1994 Apr 8;269(14):10849-10855.##Eur J Biochem. 1998 Apr 1;253(1):221-228.	"Clark DP, Durell S, Maloy WL, Zasloff M.##Vignal E, Chavanieu A, Roch P, Chiche L, Grassy G, Calas B, Aumelas A."	"Ranalexin. A novel antimicrobial peptide from bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) skin, structurally related to the bacterial antibiotic, polymyxin.##Solution structure of the antimicrobial peptide ranalexin and a study of its interaction with perdeuterated dodecylphosphocholine micelles."
DRAMP03024	LKLKSIVSWAKKVL	14	"Mastoparan B (MP-B; insects, arthropods, invertebrates, animals)"	P21654	Not found	Not found	Vespa basalis (Hornet)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Anti Mammalian cells, Anti-cancer"	Not found	Alpha helix	Tryptophan residue in MP	None	Function: Mast cell degranulating peptide. Activates G proteins that couple to phospholipase C. Has hemolytic activity.	"[Ref.10667861] Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis ATTC 12228 (MIC=25 ?M), Bacillus subtilis PCI 219 (MIC=25 ?M), Enterococcus faecium EFMY-28 (MIC=12.5 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli NIHJ JC-2 (MIC=50 ?M)"	"[Ref.10667861] 68.2% hemolysis at the peptide concentration of 100 ?M is , 27.9% Hemolysis at 50 ?M against human red blood cells."	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.10667861]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.8555423]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10667861##8555423	J Pept Res. 2000 Jan;55(1):51-62.##Biopolymers. 1995 Dec;36(6):793-801	"Yu K, Kang S, Park N, Shin J, Kim Y.##Park NG, Yamato Y, Lee S, Sugihara G1995"	Relationship between the tertiary structures of mastoparan B and its analogs and their lytic activities studied by NMR spectroscopy.##Interaction of mastoparan-B from venom of a hornet in Taiwan with phospholipid bilayers and its antimicrobial activity
DRAMP01358	FLGGLFKLVPSVICAVTKKC	20	"Ranalexin-Vb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana virgatipes (Ranidae) (Aquarana)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=12 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=12 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys14 and Cys20)	Disulfide bond between Cys14 and Cys20.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	15996769	Regul Pept 2005; 131: 38-45.	Conlon JM et al Bevier CR.	"Purification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the carpenter frog Rana virgatipes (Ranidae, Aquarana). "
DRAMP01359	FLGGLMKIIPAAFCAVTKKC	20	"Ranalexin-1G (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana grylio (North American pig frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has growth-inhibitory activity against the gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli and the yeast, Candida albicans."	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=9 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=18 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=70 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys14 and Cys20)	Disulfide bond between Cys14 and Cys20.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10828493	Regul Pept. 2000 Jun 30;90(1-3):53-60.	"Kim JB, Halverson T, Basir YJ, Dulka J, Knoop FC, Abel PW, Conlon JM."	Purification and characterization of antimicrobial and vasorelaxant peptides from skin extracts and skin secretions of the North American pig frog Rana grylio.
DRAMP01360	GLLDALSGILGL	12	"Frenatin-1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82021	Not found	Not found	Litoria infrafrenata (Giant tree frog) (White-lipped tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Wide spectrum antimicrobial peptide. Considered to interact with the outer lipid layer of the bacterial cell, penetrate the bacterial membrane, form ion channels, and ultimately kill the cell.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin parotoid and/or rostral glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus (MIC=25 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.9225251]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	9225251	J Pept Sci. 1996 Mar-Apr;2(2):117-124.	"Raftery MJ, Waugh RJ, Bowie JH, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ."	The structures of the frenatin peptides from the skin secretion of the giant tree frog Litoria infrafrenata.
DRAMP01361	GLLGTLGNLLNGLGL	15	"Frenatin-2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82022	Not found	Not found	Litoria infrafrenata (Giant tree frog) (White-lipped tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Wide spectrum antimicrobial peptide. Considered to interact with the outer lipid layer of the bacterial cell, penetrate the bacterial membrane, form ion channels, and ultimately kill the cell.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin parotoid and/or rostral glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus (MIC=50 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.9225251]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	9225251	J Pept Sci. 1996 Mar-Apr;2(2):117-124.	"Raftery MJ, Waugh RJ, Bowie JH, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ."	The structures of the frenatin peptides from the skin secretion of the giant tree frog Litoria infrafrenata.
DRAMP01362	GLMSVLGHAVGNVLGGLFKS	20	"Frenatin-3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P56249	Not found	Not found	Litoria infrafrenata (Giant tree frog) (White-lipped tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Wide spectrum antimicrobial peptide. Considered to interact with the outer lipid layer of the bacterial cell, penetrate the bacterial membrane, form ion channels, and ultimately kill the cell.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin parotoid and/or rostral glands."	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=50 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Leuconostoc mesenteroides (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Bacillus cereus (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=1.5 ?g/ml), Pastewella haemolytica (MIC=0.8 ?g/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=50 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.9225251]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	9225251	J Pept Sci. 1996 Mar-Apr;2(2):117-124.	"Raftery MJ, Waugh RJ, Bowie JH, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ."	The structures of the frenatin peptides from the skin secretion of the giant tree frog Litoria infrafrenata.
DRAMP01364	GLFGVLAKVAAHVVPAIAEHF	21	"Maculatin-1.1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82066	Not found	Not found	Litoria genimaculata (Green-eyed tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal, Antiviral"	Protein level	Alpha helix	Not found	None	"Function: Maculatin-1.1 shows significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, less against Gram-negative bacteria.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin dorsal glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	"[Ref.15203252]Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Bacillus cereus (MIC=3 ?g/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=6 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=3 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Pasteurella multocida (MIC=50 ?g/ml). ##[Ref.16140737]Virus:HIV:inhibit 50% of PBS-treated HIV infection of T cells(IC50=11.3 μM)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	No cytotoxicity information found in the reference(s) presented	Not found	16140737##9620615##15203252	J Virol. 2005 Sep;79(18):11598-606. ##J Pept Sci. 1998 Apr;4(2):111-115.##Peptides. 2004; 25: 1035-1054.	"VanCompernolle SE, Taylor RJ, Oswald-Richter K, Jiang J, Youree BE, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Conlon JM, Wade D, Aiken C, Dermody TS, KewalRamani VN, Rollins-Smith LA, Unutmaz D. ##Rozek T, Waugh RJ, Steinborner ST, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Wallace JC.##Apponyi MA, Pukala TL, Brinkworth CS, Maselli VM, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Booker GW, Wallace JC, Carver JA, Separovic F, Doyle J, Llewellyn LE."	"Antimicrobial peptides from amphibian skin potently inhibit human immunodeficiency virus infection and transfer of virus from dendritic cells to T cells.##The maculatin peptides from the skin glands of the tree frog Litoria genimaculata: a comparison of the structures and antibacterial activities of maculatin 1.1 and caerin 1.1.##Host-defence peptides of Australian anurans: structure, mechanism of action and evolutionary significance."
DRAMP01367	GLLGLLGSVVSHVLPAITQHL	21	"Maculatin-1.4 (frog, amphibia, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Litoria eucnemis (Australian anurans)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Shows antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Bacillus cereus (MIC=6 ?g/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=50 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.15203252]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	15203252	Peptides. 2004 Jun; 25: 1035-1054.	"Apponyi MA, Pukala TL, Brinkworth CS, Maselli VM, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Booker GW, Wallace JC, Carver JA, Separovic F, Doyle J, Llewellyn LE."	"Host-defence peptides of Australian anurans: structure, mechanism of action and evolutionary significance."
DRAMP01368	GFVDFLKKVAGTIANVVT	18	"Maculatin-2.1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82068	Not found	Not found	Litoria genimaculata (brown-spotted treefrog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Shows antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin dorsal glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=25 ?g/ml). (Ref.2)"	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.15203252]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.9620615]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	9620615##15203252	J Pept Sci. 1998 Apr;4(2):111-115.##Peptides. 2004; 25: 1035-1054.	"Rozek T, Waugh RJ, Steinborner ST, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Wallace JC.##Apponyi MA, Pukala TL, Brinkworth CS, Maselli VM, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Booker GW, Wallace JC, Carver JA, Separovic F, Doyle J, Llewellyn LE."	"The maculatin peptides from the skin glands of the tree frog Litoria genimaculata: a comparison of the structures and antibacterial activities of maculatin 1.1 and caerin 1.1.##Host-defence peptides of Australian anurans: structure, mechanism of action and evolutionary significance."
DRAMP01370	MLCKLSMFGAVLGVPACAIDCLPMGKTGGSCEGGVCGCRKLTFKILWDKKFG	52	"Oh-defensin (O. hainana defensin; spiders, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Ornithoctonus hainana (Venoms)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial and antifungal activities.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=1.25 ?g/ml), Bacillus cereus (MIC=25 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=1.25 ?g/ml), Bacillus dysenteriae (MIC=1.25 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=5 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=1.25 ?g/ml)."	"[Ref.21538709] It has little hemolytic activity, inducing 7% hemolysis at the concentration up to 200 ?g/ml (about 36 ?M)."	Cyclic	Free	Free	Has three disulfide bonds	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21538709	J Pept Sci. 2011 Jul;17(7):540-544. 	"Zhao H, Kong Y, Wang H, Yan T, Feng F, Bian J, Yang Y, Yu H."	"A defensin-like antimicrobial peptide from the venoms of spider, Ornithoctonus hainana."
DRAMP01371	GLLSGILGAGKHIVCGLTGCAKA	23	"Odorranain-NR (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana grahami (Yunnanfu frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Combine helix and strand structure	"Odorranain-NR has a large proportion of beta-sheet. In Tris HCl + SDS, odorranain-NR has a major conformation of beta-sheet (79.2%) and a minor conformation of beta-turn (1.3%). In Tris HCl, the beta-sheet has been decreased to 57.1% and the beta-turn has been increased to 10.5%. The beta-sheet has been decreased to 39.8% in water."	None	"Function: Odorranain-NR exhibits antimicrobial activity against the tested strains except E. coli ATCC25922. Odorranain-NR has little hemolytic activity on red blood cells even with peptide concentration up to 100 mg/ml.
PTM: Odorranain-NR has an intramolecular disulfide-bridged hexapeptide segment, which is a new type of disulfide-bridge motif in amphibian antimicrobial peptides."	"[Ref.18282640]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2592 (MIC=9.375 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC>100 ?g/ml), Bacillus dysenteriae (MIC=37.5 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=18.75 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:18282640] It has little hemolytic activity at 100 μg/ml against rabbit red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys20.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18282640	Peptides. 2008 Apr;29(4):529-535. 	Che Q et al Lai R.	A novel antimicrobial peptide from amphibian skin secretions of Odorrana grahami.
DRAMP00931	TCSYTMEA	8	Antimicrobial peptide 3 (Cn-AMP3; Plant defensin)	P86707	Not found	Not found	Cocos nucifera (Coconut palm)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
Tissue specificity: Found in the liquid endosperm contained in green fruit of coconut palms, also known as coconut water (at protein level).
Subunit structure: Monomer."	[Ref.19111587] Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=257 μg/ml) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=274 μg/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=302 μg/ml) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=259 μg/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.19111587]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19111587	Peptides. 2009 Apr;30(4):633-637.	"Mandal SM, Dey S, Mandal M, Sarkar S, Maria-Neto S, Franco OL."	Identification and structural insights of three novel antimicrobial peptides isolated from green coconut water.
DRAMP00930	TESYFVFSVGM	11	Antimicrobial peptide 2 (Cn-AMP2; Plant defensin)	P86706	Not found	Not found	Cocos nucifera (Coconut palm)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
Tissue specificity: Found in the liquid endosperm contained in green fruit of coconut palms, also known as coconut water (at protein level).
Subunit structure: Monomer."	"[Ref.19111587] Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=150 μg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=170 μg/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=170 μg/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=169 μg/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.19111587]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19111587	Peptides. 2009 Apr;30(4):633-637.	"Mandal SM, Dey S, Mandal M, Sarkar S, Maria-Neto S, Franco OL."	Identification and structural insights of three novel antimicrobial peptides isolated from green coconut water.
DRAMP00929	SVAGRAQGM	9	Antimicrobial peptide 1 (Cn-AMP1; Plant defensin)	P86705	Not found	Not found	Cocos nucifera (Coconut palm)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Helix	Not found	2N0V resolved by NMR.	"Function: Antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
Tissue specificity: Found in the liquid endosperm contained in green fruit of coconut palms, also known as coconut water (at protein level).
Subunit structure: Monomer."	"[Ref.19111587] Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=76 μg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=80 μg/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=82 μg/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=79 μg/ml). "	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.19111587]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19111587	Peptides. 2009 Apr;30(4):633-637.	"Mandal SM, Dey S, Mandal M, Sarkar S, Maria-Neto S, Franco OL."	Identification and structural insights of three novel antimicrobial peptides isolated from green coconut water.
DRAMP03542	HKTDSFVGLM	10	"Neurokinin A (NKA; chicken, animals)"	P19851	Belongs to the tachykinin family.	Not found	Gallus gallus (Chicken)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Neuropeptide, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	1N6T resolved by NMR.	"Function: Tachykinins are active peptides which excite neurons, evoke behavioral responses, are potent vasodilators and secretagogues, and contract (directly or indirectly) many smooth muscles. Antibacterial activity is very low.
PTM: Methionine amide at position 10."	"[Ref.18603306] Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC>500 μg/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC>500 μg/ml) ;## Gram-positive bacteria: Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10449 (MIC> 500 μg/ml), Lactobacillus acidophilus NCTC 1723 (MIC>500 μg/ml), Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 12697 (MIC>500 μg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC>500 μg/ml);## Yeast: Candida albicans NCTC 3179 (MIC>500 μg/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.18603306]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18603306	J Neuroimmunol. 2008 Aug 30;200(1-2):11-16.	"El Karim IA, Linden GJ, Orr DF, Lundy FT."	"Antimicrobial activity of neuropeptides against a range of micro-organisms from skin, oral, respiratory and gastrointestinal tract sites."
DRAMP03310	FLPLILRKIVTAL	13	"Crabrolin (Insects, animals)"	P01518 	Not found	Not found	Vespa crabro (European hornet)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti Mammalian cells"	Protein level	Helix	Not found	None	Function: Mast cell degranulating peptide. Induces the chemotaxis of neutrophils. Has antimicrobial and hemolytic activity.	No MICs found in DRAMP database	[Ref.6206053] Hemolysis is 20% of total at 10?g/ml against guinea pig red blood cell.	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.9273892]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.6206053]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	9273892##6206053	J Pept Res. 1997 Aug;50(2):88-93.##J Biol Chem. 1984 Aug 25;259(16):10106-10111.	"Krishnakumari V, Nagaraj R.##Argiolas A, Pisano JJ."	"Antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of crabrolin, a 13-residue peptide from the venom of the European hornet, Vespa crabro, and its analogs.##Isolation and characterization of two new peptides, mastoparan C and crabrolin, from the venom of the European hornet, Vespa crabro."
DRAMP02344	KVHGSLARAGK	11	"40S ribosomal protein S30 (Fish, chordates, animals)"	P83328	Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS30 family.	fau	Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) (Salmo gairdneri)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and low activity against Gram-negative bacteria.	"[Ref.12147245] Gram-negetive bacteria: Escherichia coli (EC50>0.3 μM, MBC>0.3 μM), Listonella anguillarum (EC50>0.3 μM, MBC>0.3 μM) ;##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis (EC50=0.15–0.3 μM, MBC>0.3 μM), Planococcus citreus (EC50=0.02–0.04 μM, MBC=0.08 μM)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.12147245]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	12147245	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Aug 9;296(1):167-171.	"Fernandes JM, Smith VJ."	A novel antimicrobial function for a ribosomal peptide from rainbow trout skin.
DRAMP02993	YVPLPNVPQPGRRPFPTFPGQGPFNPKIKWPQGY	34	"Abaecin (Pro-rich; insects, arthropods, invertebrates, animals)"	P15450?	Not found	Not found	Apis mellifera (Honeybee)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Rich 	The prolines are in repeated motifs.	None	Function: This peptide has bactericidal activity.	"[Ref.2298215] Gram-negative bacteria: Agrobacterium tumefaciens Gembloux A (MIC=25-50 ?g/ml), Erwinia salicis NCPPB 2530 (MIC=25-50 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli NCTC 9001 (MIC=25-50 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli K514 (MIC=10-25 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato NCPPB 1105 (MIC=25-50 ?g/ml), Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria LMG 905 (MIC=5-10 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megateriurn QMB 1551 (MIC=10-25 ?g/ml), Micrococcus lysodeikticus LMG 4050 (MIC=10-25 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.2298215]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.7961803]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	2298215##7961803	Eur J Biochem. 1990 Jan 26;187(2):381-386.##J Biol Chem. 1994 Nov 18;269(46):28569-28575.	"Casteels P, Ampe C, Riviere L, Van Damme J, Elicone C, Fleming M, Jacobs F, Tempst P.##Casteels-Josson K, Zhang W, Capaci T, Casteels P, Tempst P."	"Isolation and characterization of abaecin, a major antibacterial response peptide in the honeybee (Apis mellifera).##Acute Transcriptional  Response of the Honeybee Peptide-Antibiotics Gene  Repertoire and Required Post-translational  Conversion of the Precursor Structures."
DRAMP02997	GNNRPVYIPQPRPPHPRL	18	"Apidaecin-1B (Apidaecin IB; Insects, animals)"	"P35581, Q06602, Q06601, Q8WSY8"	Belongs to the apidaecin family	Not found	Apis mellifera (Honeybee)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	4E81 resolved by X-ray.	Function: Apidaecins have bactericidal activity; predominantly against Gram-negative bacteria. They seem to interfere with cell propagation.	"[Ref.2676519] Gram-negative bacteria: Agrobacterium tumefaciens (MIC=0.2 μg/ml), Erwinia salicis (MIC=0.02 μg/ml), Escherichia coli (MIC=0.1 μg/ml), Pseudomonas syringae (MIC=0.1 μg/ml), Rhizobium meliloti (MIC=0.02 μg/ml), Salmonella Newport (MIC=0.2 μg/ml), Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=0.1 μg/ml), Shigella flexneri (MIC=0.1 μg/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Corynebacterium insidiosum (MIC=50 μg/ml), Bacillus megaterium (MIC=100 μg/ml).##[Ref.2298215] Gram-negative bacteria: Agrobacterium tumefaciens Gembloux A (MIC≤1 ?g/ml), Erwinia salicis NCPPB 2530 (MIC≤1 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli NCTC 9001 (MIC≤1 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli K514 (MIC=25-50 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato NCPPB 1105 (MIC≤1 ?g/ml), Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria LMG 905 (MIC≥100 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megateriurn QMB 1551 (MIC=25-50 ?g/ml), Bacillus alvei LMG 6922 (MIC=50-100 ?g/ml),Micrococcus lysodeikticus LMG 4050 (MIC=25-50 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.2298215]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.2676519]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	2676519##2298215	EMBO J. 1989 Aug;8(8):2387-2391.##Eur J Biochem. 1990 Jan 26;187(2):381-386.	"Casteels P, Ampe C, Jacobs F, Vaeck M, Tempst P.##Casteels P, Ampe C, Riviere L, Van Damme J, Elicone C, Fleming M, Jacobs F, Tempst P."	"Apidaecins: antibacterial peptides from honeybees.##Isolation and characterization of abaecin, a major antibacterial response peptide in the honeybee (Apis mellifera)."
DRAMP18322	ITPATPFTPAIITEITAAVIA	21	Hominicin (Bacteriocin)	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Staphylococcus hominis MBBL 2-9	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	"NMR played a critical role in establishing the peptide primary structure. While the N-terminal residue is an N,N-dimethyl Ile (DmIle), the C-terminus is a N2, N2-dimethyl-1,2-propanediamine (Dmp). In addition, threonines are dehydrated into Dhb. In this sense, this peptide may be classified as a class I variant bacteriocin."	None	"Function: Hominicin exhibited heat stability up to 121 degrees C for 15min and activity under both acidic and basic conditions (from pH 2.0 to 10.0). Hominicin exhibited distinct structural and attractive biochemical characteristics with a high bactericidal activity against MRSA and VISA, heat-tolerance and pH stability."	"[Ref.20654578] Gram-positive bacteria:  Staphylococcus aureus  (MIC=0.06 ?g/ml), MRSA (MIC=0.96 ?g/ml), VISA (MIC=3.82 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	"1-DmIle(N,N-dimethyl Ile)-I; 2,5,8,15-DHB(dehydrated threonine)-T;21-Dmp(N2, N2-dimethyl-1,2-propanediamine)-A"	L	[Ref.20654578]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	20654578	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Aug 20;399(2):133-138.	"Kim PI, Sohng JK, Sung C, Joo HS, Kim EM, Yamaguchi T, Park D, Kim BG. "	"Characterization and structure identification of an antimicrobial peptide, hominicin, produced by Staphylococcus hominis MBBL 2-9. "
DRAMP02840	FKCRRWQWRMKKLGAPSITCVRRAF	25	"Lactoferricin B (Lfcin B; mammals, animals)"	"P24627, E6YCQ7, B3VTM3, B9VPZ5, C7FE01, Q6LBN7, Q19KS1"	Belongs to the transferrin family	LTF	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Beta strand (4 strands; 8 residues)	"Residues 7-9 form beta1 and residues 17-19 form beta2 (in membrane). This contrasts with X-ray structure where residues 1-13 is helical. Thus, this peptide appears to be able to adopt a different conformation depending on environmental conditions. disulfide bond is not required for the antimicrobial potency."	1LFC resolved by NMR.	"Function: Lactoferricin B  function contributes to the antimicrobial activity. Shows a preferential cleavage at -Arg-Ser-Arg-Arg-|- and -Arg-Arg-Ser-Arg-|-, and of Z-Phe-Arg-|-aminomethylcoumarin sites.
Activity regulation: Inhibited by PMSF and Pefabloc.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 3-20"	"[Ref.8980754] Gram-negative bacteria:  Escherichia coli L361 (MIC=4 ?M or 12.5 ?g/ml), Salmonella Salford (MIC=4 ?M or 12.5 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli O:9 (MIC=6 ?M or 18.8 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas ?uorescens (MIC=10 ?M or 31.3 ?g/ml)  ;##Gram-positive bacteria: Listeria monocytogenes (MIC=2 ?M or 6.3 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=6 ?M or 18.8 ?g/ml), Bacillus cereus (MIC=6 ?M or 18.8 ?g/ml)"	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys3 and Cys20.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	8980754##9521752##1490908 	"Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997 Jan;41(1):54-59. ##Biochemistry. 1998 Mar 24;37(12):4288-4298.##
J Appl Bacteriol. 1992 Dec;73(6):472-9."	"Hoek KS, Milne JM, Grieve PA, Dionysius DA, Smith R. ##Hwang PM, Zhou N, Shan X, Arrowsmith CH, Vogel HJ. ##Bellamy W, Takase M, Wakabayashi H, Kawase K, Tomita M.1992"	"Antibacterial activity in bovine lactoferrin-derived peptides. ##Three-dimensional solution structure of lactoferricin B, an antimicrobial peptide derived from bovine lactoferrin. ##
Antibacterial spectrum of lactoferricin B, a potent bactericidal peptide derived from the N-terminal region of bovine lactoferrin. "
DRAMP02244	GLFLDTLKGAAKDVAGKLLEGLKCKIAGCKP	31	"Ranatuerin-2Ca (Ranatuerin 2Ca; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82878	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Brevinin subfamily.	Not found	Rana clamitans (Green frog) (Lithobates clamitans)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antimicrobial peptide has defense response to Gram-positive bacterium, defense response to Gram-negative bacterium, male-specific defense response to bacterium, antibacterial humoral response, antibacterial humoral response,  induced systemic resistance, antifungal innate immune response, antifungal humoral response, defense response to fungus (incompatible interaction) in GO analysis.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Disulfide bond at position 24 and 29."	No MICs found in DRAMP database	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys24 and Cys29.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10822101	Peptides. 2000 Apr;21(4):469-476.	"Halverson T, Basir YJ, Knoop FC, Conlon JM."	Purification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the North American green frog Rana clamitans.
DRAMP01821	FLPFLASLLTKVL	13	"Temporin-1Cc (Temporin 1Cc; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82882	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Brevinin subfamily.	Not found	Rana clamitans (Green frog) (Lithobates clamitans)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands. "	No MICs found in DRAMP database	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.10822101]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10822101	Peptides. 2000 Apr;21(4):469-476.	"Halverson T, Basir YJ, Knoop FC, Conlon JM."	Purification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the North American green frog Rana clamitans.
DRAMP01819	FLPFLAKILTGVL	13	"Temporin-1Ca (Temporin 1Ca; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82880	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Brevinin subfamily.	Not found	Rana clamitans (Green frog) (Lithobates clamitans)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands. 
PTM: Leucine amide at position 13."	No MICs found in DRAMP database	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.10822101]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10822101	Peptides. 2000 Apr;21(4):469-476.	"Halverson T, Basir YJ, Knoop FC, Conlon JM."	Purification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the North American green frog Rana clamitans.
DRAMP01357	FLGGLMKAFPAIICAVTKKC	20	"Ranalexin-1Cb (Ranatuerin 1Cb; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82877	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Brevinin subfamily.	Not found	Rana clamitans (Green frog) (Lithobates clamitans)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antimicrobial peptide has defense response to Gram-positive bacterium, defense response to Gram-negative bacterium, male-specific defense response to bacterium, antibacterial humoral response, antibacterial humoral response,  induced systemic resistance, antifungal innate immune response, antifungal humoral response, defense response to fungus (incompatible interaction) in GO analysis.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	No MICs found in DRAMP database	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys14 and Cys20)	Disulfide bond between Cys14 and Cys20.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10822101	Peptides. 2000 Apr;21(4):469-476.	"Halverson T, Basir YJ, Knoop FC, Conlon JM."	Purification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the North American green frog Rana clamitans.
DRAMP02246	SMLSVLKNLGKVGLGLVACKINKQC	25	"Ranatuerin-1C (Ranatuerin 1C; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82875	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Brevinin subfamily.	Not found	Rana clamitans (Green frog) (Lithobates clamitans)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. 
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	[Ref.10822101] Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=55 μM);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=1.5 μM).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=58 μM).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys19 and Cys25)	Disulfide bond between Cys19 and Cys25.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10822101	Peptides. 2000 Apr;21(4):469-476.	"Halverson T, Basir YJ, Knoop FC, Conlon JM."	Purification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the North American green frog Rana clamitans.
DRAMP01394	GLLRASSVWGRKYYVDLAGCAKA	23	"Odorranain-W2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	A7YL71	Not found	Not found	Odorrana grahami (Yunnanfu frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial and antifungal activities.	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=30 ?g/ml), Bacillus dysenteriae (MIC=30 ?g/ml), Helicobacter pylori NCTC 11637 (MIC=20 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2592 (MIC=5 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=25 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear 	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.17698252]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17698252	Peptides. 2007 Aug;28(8):1527-1531. 	"Chen L, Li Y, Li J, Xu X, Lai R, Zou Q."	An antimicrobial peptide with antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori.
DRAMP01395	VVKCSYRLGSPDSQCN	16	"Odorranain-A-OA1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana grahami (Yunnanfu frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Weakly active against bacteria and fungi.	"[Ref.22029824]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=35.2 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=35.2 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=17.6 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=17.6 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys4 and Cys15.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely Abundant Antimicrobial Peptides Existed in the Skins of Nine Kinds of Chinese Odorous Frogs.
DRAMP01396	GFMDTAKNVAKNMAGNLLDNLKCKITKAC	29	"Odorranain-F-OA1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana grahami (Yunnanfu frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Active against bacteria and fungi.	"[Ref.22029824]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=5 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=10 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=2.5 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=2.5 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys23 and Cys29)	Disulfide bond between Cys23 and Cys29.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely Abundant Antimicrobial Peptides Existed in the Skins of Nine Kinds of Chinese Odorous Frogs.
DRAMP01397	GFMDTAKNVAKNMAVTLLDNLKCKITKAC	29	"Odorranain-F-OA2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana grahami (Yunnanfu frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Weakly active against bacteria and fungi.	"[Ref.22029824]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=7.5 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=7.5 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=3.8 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=3.8 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys23 and Cys29)	Disulfide bond between Cys23 and Cys29.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely Abundant Antimicrobial Peptides Existed in the Skins of Nine Kinds of Chinese Odorous Frogs.
DRAMP01398	GFMDTAKNVAKNEAGNLLDNLKCKITKAC	29	"Odorranain-F-OA3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana grahami (Yunnanfu frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Weakly active against bacteria and fungi.	"[Ref.22029824]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=12.6 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=12.6 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=6.3 ?g/ml)；##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=6.3 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys23 and Cys29)	Disulfide bond between Cys23 and Cys29.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely Abundant Antimicrobial Peptides Existed in the Skins of Nine Kinds of Chinese Odorous Frogs.
DRAMP01399	GFMATAKNVAKNMDVTLLDNLKCKITKAC	29	"Odorranain-F-OA4 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana grahami (Yunnanfu frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Weakly active against bacteria and fungi.	"[Ref.22029824]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=8.2 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=4.1 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=4.1 ?g/ml)；##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=4.1 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:22029824] Not found in the literature	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys23 and Cys29)	Disulfide bond between Cys23 and Cys29.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely Abundant Antimicrobial Peptides Existed in the Skins of Nine Kinds of Chinese Odorous Frogs.
DRAMP18395	FFGHLFRGIINVGKHIHGLLSG	22	"moroPC-NH2 (moronecidin-like peptide; fish, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Parachaenichthys charcoti	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal"		Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Active against Gram- E. cloacae ATCC 13047 (MIC 25 uM), S. sonnei (ATCC 29930) (MIC 5 uM), Psychrobacter sp. (PAMC 25501) (MIC 2.5 uM), E. coli DH5alpha (MIC 5 uM), Gram+ E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) (MIC 25 uM), S. pyogenes (ATCC 19615) (MIC 2.5 uM), S. aureus (ATCC 33591), L. monocytogenes (ATCC 15313) (MIC 5 uM), and yeast C. tropicalis (ATCC 20115) (MIC 5 uM). "	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.28122029]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	28122029	PLoS One. 2017 Jan 25;12(1):e0170821.	"Shin SC, Ahn IH, Ahn DH, Lee YM, Lee J, Lee JH, Kim HW, Park H"	Characterization of Two Antimicrobial Peptides from Antarctic Fishes (Notothenia coriiceps and Parachaenichthys charcoti)
DRAMP01401	GFMNTAKNVAKNVAVTLLDNLKCKITGGC	29	"Odorranain-F-OW1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana wuchuanensis (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=2 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=4 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=4 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=2 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys23 and Cys29)	Disulfide bond between Cys23 and Cys29.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely Abundant Antimicrobial Peptides Existed in the Skins of Nine Kinds of Chinese Odorous Frogs.
DRAMP01402	GLFTLIKGAYKLDAPTVACN	20	"Odorranain-J-OA1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana grahami (Yunnanfu frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Weakly active against bacteria and fungi.	"[Ref.22029824]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=40.2 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=40.2 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=20.1 ?g/ml)；##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=20.1 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:22029824]Not found	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.22029824]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01403	GLFTLIKGAYKNDAPTVACN	20	"Odorranain-J-OA2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana grahami (Yunnanfu frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Weakly active against bacteria and fungi.	"[Ref.22029824]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=40.2 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=40.2 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=20.1 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=20.1 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:22029824]Not found	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.22029824]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01409	GILSGILGVGKKLVCGLSGLC	21	"Nigrocin-OR1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frogs)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=4 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=7 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=2 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=4 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely Abundant Antimicrobial Peptides Existed in the Skins of Nine Kinds of Chinese Odorous Frogs.
DRAMP01410	GILSGILGVGKMLVCGLSGLC	21	"Nigrocin-OR2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frogs)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=3 ?M), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=5 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=3 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=3 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely Abundant Antimicrobial Peptides Existed in the Skins of Nine Kinds of Chinese Odorous Frogs.
DRAMP01411	GILSGLLGVGKMLVCGLSGLC	21	"Nigrocin-OR3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frogs)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=3 ?M), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=6 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=6 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=3 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely Abundant Antimicrobial Peptides Existed in the Skins of Nine Kinds of Chinese Odorous Frogs.
DRAMP01412	GLLGSLFGAGKKVACALSGLC	21	"Nigrocin-2HSa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P0C8U0	Not found	Not found	Odorrana hosii (Hose's rock frog) 	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus and the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli. 
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 15-21."	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=56 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25726 (MIC=28 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18621071	Toxicon. 2008 Sep 1;52(3):465-473. 	"Conlon JM, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Coquet L, Jouenne T, King JD."	"Characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the Malaysian frogs, Odorrana hosii and Hylarana picturata (Anura:Ranidae)."
DRAMP01413	GLLGSIFGAGKKIACALSGLC	21	"Nigrocin-2HSb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P0C8U1	Not found	Not found	Odorrana hosii (Hose's rock frog) 	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus and the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli. 
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 15-21."	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=28 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25726 (MIC=14 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18621071	Toxicon. 2008 Sep 1;52(3):465-473. 	"Conlon JM, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Coquet L, Jouenne T, King JD."	"Characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the Malaysian frogs, Odorrana hosii and Hylarana picturata (Anura:Ranidae)."
DRAMP01414	GIFSTVFKAGKGIVCGLTGLC	21	"Nigrocin-2ISa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	F1T156	Not found	Not found	Odorrana ishikawae (Ishikawa's frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity.	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=25 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=3.1 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (MIC=12.5 ?M), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=12.5 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=50 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	[Ref.21193000]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21193000	Peptides. 2011 Apr;32(4):670-676. 	"Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Ukena K, Okimoto A, Soga M, Okada G, Sano N, Fujii T, Sugawara Y, Sumida M."	Identification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the endangered frog Odorrana ishikawae.
DRAMP01415	GILGTVFKAGKGIVCGLTGLC	21	"Nigrocin-2ISb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	F1T157	Not found	Not found	Odorrana ishikawae (Ishikawa's frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity.	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=50 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=3.1 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (MIC=12.5 ?M), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=12.5 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=50 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21193000	Peptides. 2011 Apr;32(4):670-676. 	"Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Ukena K, Okimoto A, Soga M, Okada G, Sano N, Fujii T, Sugawara Y, Sumida M."	Identification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the endangered frog Odorrana ishikawae.
DRAMP01416	GILSTVFKAGKGIVCGLSGLC	21	"Nigrocin-2ISc (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana ishikawae (Ishikawa's frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=50 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=3 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=100 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21867685	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Sep 9;412(4):673-677. 	"Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Soga M, Okada G, Fujii T, Sumida M, Ukena K."	Characterization of novel antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the endangered frog Odorrana ishikawae by shotgun cDNA cloning.
DRAMP01417	GLLSGILGAGKHIVCGLSGLC	21	"Nigrocin-2GRa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana grahami (Asian frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial against Gram-negative bacterium E. coli. Also has a weak hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes.	[Ref.16621155]Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=25 ?M).	[Ref:16621155] LC50=295 μM against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16621155	Peptides. 2006 Sep;27(9):2111-2117.	"Conlon JM, Al-Ghaferi N, Abraham B, Jiansheng H, Cosette P, Leprince J, Jouenne T, Vaudry H."	"Antimicrobial peptides from diverse families isolated from the skin of the Asian frog, Rana grahami."
DRAMP01418	GLFGKILGVGKKVLCGLSGMC	21	"Nigrocin-2GRb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana grahami (Asian frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial against the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli and the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus. Also has a weak hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes.	[Ref.16621155]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=12.5 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=3 ?M);##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=50 ?M).	[Ref:16621155] LC50=40 μM against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16621155	Peptides. 2006 Sep;27(9):2111-2117.	"Conlon JM, Al-Ghaferi N, Abraham B, Jiansheng H, Cosette P, Leprince J, Jouenne T, Vaudry H."	"Antimicrobial peptides from diverse families isolated from the skin of the Asian frog, Rana grahami."
DRAMP01419	GLLSGILGAGKNIVCGLSGLC	21	"Nigrocin-2GRc (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana grahami (Asian frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial against Gram-negative bacterium E. coli. Also has a weak hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes.	[Ref.16621155]Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=50 ?M).	[Ref:16621155] LC50>500 μM against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16621155	Peptides. 2006 Sep;27(9):2111-2117.	"Conlon JM, Al-Ghaferi N, Abraham B, Jiansheng H, Cosette P, Leprince J, Jouenne T, Vaudry H."	"Antimicrobial peptides from diverse families isolated from the skin of the Asian frog, Rana grahami."
DRAMP01420	GLLSGILGAGKHIICGLSGLC	21	"Nigrocin-OG4 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana grahami (Yunnanfu frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity.	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC>100 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC>100 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC>100 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=1.10 ?g/ml)."	"[Ref.17272268] RCH=65.5 ± 7.7% against rabbit red blood cells at 50 μg/ml. RCH, red cell hemolysis."	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17272268	Mol Cell Proteomics. 2007 May;6(5):882-894.	"Li J, Xu X, Xu C, Zhou W, Zhang K, Yu H, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Rees HH, Lai R, Yang D, Wu J."	Anti-infection peptidomics of amphibian skin.
DRAMP01421	GLLSGILGAGKQKVCGLSGLC	21	"Nigrocin-OG5 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana grahami (Yunnanfu frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity.	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=9.37 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=18.75 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=37.50 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=4.68 ?g/ml)."	"[Ref.17272268] RCH=87.2 ± 2.6% against rabbit red blood cells at 50 μg/ml. RCH, red cell hemolysis."	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17272268	Mol Cell Proteomics. 2007 May;6(5):882-894.	"Li J, Xu X, Xu C, Zhou W, Zhang K, Yu H, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Rees HH, Lai R, Yang D, Wu J."	Anti-infection peptidomics of amphibian skin.
DRAMP01422	GLLSGVLGVGKKVLCGLSGLC	21	"Nigrosin-OG21 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana grahami (Yunnanfu frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity.	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=4.68 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=9.37 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=18.75 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=4.68 ?g/ml)."	"[Ref.17272268] RCH=100% against rabbit red blood cells at 50 μg/ml. RCH, red cell hemolysis."	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17272268	Mol Cell Proteomics. 2007 May;6(5):882-894.	"Li J, Xu X, Xu C, Zhou W, Zhang K, Yu H, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Rees HH, Lai R, Yang D, Wu J."	Anti-infection peptidomics of amphibian skin.
DRAMP01423	GLLSGILGAGKHIVCGLSGLR	21	"Nigrosin-OG13 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana grahami (Yunnanfu frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity.	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=4.68 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=9.37 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=18.75 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=1.10 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.17272268]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17272268	Mol Cell Proteomics. 2007 May;6(5):882-894.	"Li J, Xu X, Xu C, Zhou W, Zhang K, Yu H, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Rees HH, Lai R, Yang D, Wu J."	Anti-infection peptidomics of amphibian skin.
DRAMP01426	GLLSGVLGVGKKIVCGLSGLC	21	"Nigrocin-1-OA1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Asian frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. 	"[Ref.22029824]Gram-negative bacteria: Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=5.2 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=10.4 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=10.4 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=5.2 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:22029824] Not found in the literature	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely Abundant Antimicrobial Peptides Existed in the Skins of Nine Kinds of Chinese Odorous Frogs.
DRAMP01427	GIFGKILGVGKKTLCELSGMC	21	"Nigrocin-1-OA2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Asian frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans.	"[Ref.22029824]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=6.3 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=6.3 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=6.3 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=3.2 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:22029824] Not found in the literature	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely Abundant Antimicrobial Peptides Existed in the Skins of Nine Kinds of Chinese Odorous Frogs.
DRAMP01428	GIFLKVLGVGKKVLCGVSGLC	21	"Nigrocin-1-OA3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Asian frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. 	"[Ref.22029824]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=10.8 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=21.6 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=5.4 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=10.8 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:22029824] Not found in the literature	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely Abundant Antimicrobial Peptides Existed in the Skins of Nine Kinds of Chinese Odorous Frogs.
DRAMP01429	GLISGILGVGKKLVCGLSGLC	21	"Nigrocin-1-OR1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Asian frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. 	"[Ref.22029824]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=11.5 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=23 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=5.8 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=11.5 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:22029824] Not found in the literature	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely Abundant Antimicrobial Peptides Existed in the Skins of Nine Kinds of Chinese Odorous Frogs.
DRAMP01430	GLISGILGVGKMLVCGLSGLC	21	"Nigrocin-1-OR2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Asian frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. 	"[Ref.22029824]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=8.6 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=17.2 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=8.6 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=8.6 ?g/ml)"	[Ref:22029824] Not found in the literature	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely Abundant Antimicrobial Peptides Existed in the Skins of Nine Kinds of Chinese Odorous Frogs.
DRAMP01431	GLISGLLGVGKMLVCGLSGLC	21	"Nigrocin-1-OR3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Asian frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. 	"[Ref.22029824]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=10.2 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=20.4 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=20.4 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=10.2 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:22029824] Not found in the literature	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely Abundant Antimicrobial Peptides Existed in the Skins of Nine Kinds of Chinese Odorous Frogs.
DRAMP01432	GILGNIVGMGKKIVCGLSGLC	21	"Nigrocin-1-OW2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Asian frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. 	"[Ref.22029824]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=6.2 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=12.4 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=6.2 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=3.1 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:22029824] Not found in the literature	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely Abundant Antimicrobial Peptides Existed in the Skins of Nine Kinds of Chinese Odorous Frogs.
DRAMP01433	GILGNIVGMGKKVVCGLSGLC	21	"Nigrocin-1-OW3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Asian frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. 	"[Ref.22029824]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=11.3 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=22.6 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=11.3 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=6.7 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:22029824] Not found in the literature	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely Abundant Antimicrobial Peptides Existed in the Skins of Nine Kinds of Chinese Odorous Frogs.
DRAMP01434	GILSGVLGMGKKIVCGLRGLC	21	"Nigrocin-1-OW4 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Asian frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. 	"[Ref.22029824]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=7.2 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=14.2 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=3.6 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=7.2 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:22029824] Not found in the literature	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely Abundant Antimicrobial Peptides Existed in the Skins of Nine Kinds of Chinese Odorous Frogs.
DRAMP01435	GILGNIVGMGKQVVCGLSGLC	21	"Nigrocin-1-OW5 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Asian frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. 	"[Ref.22029824]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=5.1 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=10.2 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=5.1 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=5.1 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:22029824] Not found in the literature	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely Abundant Antimicrobial Peptides Existed in the Skins of Nine Kinds of Chinese Odorous Frogs.
DRAMP01436	GILSGVLGMGKKIVCGLSGLC	21	"Nigrocin-1-OW1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Asian frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans.	"[Ref.22029824]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=4.4 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=8.8 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=8.8 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=4.4 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:22029824] Not found in the literature	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely Abundant Antimicrobial Peptides Existed in the Skins of Nine Kinds of Chinese Odorous Frogs.
DRAMP18394	RLNTTFRPLNFKMLRFWGQNRNIMKHRGQKVHFSLILSDCKTNKDCPKLRRANVRCRKSYCVPI	64	NCR335 (nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides; plants)	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Medicago truncatula	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"		Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Active against S. enterica (MIC 16 uM) and L. monocytogenes (MIC 32 uM).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	"Disulfide bond between Cys40 and Cys61,Cys46 and Cys56."	L	[Ref.28167938]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	28167938	Front Microbiol. 2017 Jan 23;8:51.	"Farkas A, Mar"	Comparative Analysis of the Bacterial Membrane Disruption Effect of Two Natural Plant Antimicrobial Peptides.
DRAMP01438	GIFGKILGAGKKVLCGLSGLC	21	"Nigrocin-2JDa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	B3A0M6	Not found	Not found	Odorrana jingdongensis (Jingdong frog) (Rana jingdongensis)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. Has hemolytic activity against rabbit erythrocytes. 
PTM: contains one disulfide bond 15-21. "	"[Ref.22917879]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=16 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus CIB 85462 (MIC=8 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25992 (MIC=16 ?M), Escherichia coli CIB 84492 (MIC=16 ?M);##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=63 ?M)."	[Ref:22917879] It has 80.3 ± 5.5% hemolytic activity at 128 μg/ml against rabbit red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22917879	J Proteomics. 2012 Oct 22;75(18):5807-5821.	"Liu J, Jiang J, Wu Z, Xie F."	"Antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the Asian frog, Odorrana jingdongensis: De novo sequencing and analysis of tandem mass spectrometry data."
DRAMP01439	GIFGKILGVGKKVLCGLSGMC	21	"Nigrocin-2JDb (Odorranain-H2; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	B3A0M7	Not found	Not found	Odorrana jingdongensis (Jingdong frog) (Rana jingdongensis)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. Has hemolytic activity against rabbit erythrocytes.
PTM: contains one disulfide bond 15-21. "	"[Ref.22917879]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=15 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus CIB 85462 (MIC=15 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25992 (MIC=8 ?M), Escherichia coli CIB 84492 (MIC=8 ?M);##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=31 ?M)."	[Ref:22917879] It has 88.4 ± 4.2% hemolytic activity at 128 μg/ml against rabbit red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22917879	J Proteomics. 2012 Oct 22;75(18):5807-5821.	"Liu J, Jiang J, Wu Z, Xie F."	"Antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the Asian frog, Odorrana jingdongensis: De novo sequencing and analysis of tandem mass spectrometry data."
DRAMP01440	GILSGILGMGKKLVCGLSGLC	21	"Nigrocin-2LVb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana livida (Chinese Odorrana frogs)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus and the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli. 	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=50 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=15 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	20158520	FEBS J. 2010 Mar;277(6):1519-1531.	"Wang L, Evaristo G, Zhou M, Pinkse M, Wang M, Xu Y, Jiang X, Chen T, Rao P, Verhaert P, Shaw C."	Nigrocin-2 peptides from Chinese Odorrana frogs--integration of UPLC/MS/MS with molecular cloning in amphibian skin peptidome analysis.
DRAMP01441	SILSGNFGVGKKIVCGLSGLC	21	"Nigrocin-2VB (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana livida (Chinese Odorrana frogs)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli. 	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=25 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	20158520	FEBS J. 2010 Mar;277(6):1519-1531.	"Wang L, Evaristo G, Zhou M, Pinkse M, Wang M, Xu Y, Jiang X, Chen T, Rao P, Verhaert P, Shaw C."	Nigrocin-2 peptides from Chinese Odorrana frogs--integration of UPLC/MS/MS with molecular cloning in amphibian skin peptidome analysis.
DRAMP01442	GILSGILGAGKSLVCGLSGLC	21	"Nigrocin-2SCa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana schmackeri (Chinese Odorrana frogs)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli. 	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=50 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	20158520	FEBS J. 2010 Mar;277(6):1519-1531.	"Wang L, Evaristo G, Zhou M, Pinkse M, Wang M, Xu Y, Jiang X, Chen T, Rao P, Verhaert P, Shaw C."	Nigrocin-2 peptides from Chinese Odorrana frogs--integration of UPLC/MS/MS with molecular cloning in amphibian skin peptidome analysis.
DRAMP01443	GILSNVLGMGKKIVCGLSGLC	21	"Nigrocin-2SCc (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Odorrana schmackeri (Chinese Odorrana frogs)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli. 	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=70 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys15 and Cys21)	Disulfide bond between Cys15 and Cys21.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	20158520	FEBS J. 2010 Mar;277(6):1519-1531.	"Wang L, Evaristo G, Zhou M, Pinkse M, Wang M, Xu Y, Jiang X, Chen T, Rao P, Verhaert P, Shaw C."	Nigrocin-2 peptides from Chinese Odorrana frogs--integration of UPLC/MS/MS with molecular cloning in amphibian skin peptidome analysis.
DRAMP01447	GFSSIFRGVAKFASKGLGKDLAKLGVDLVACKISKQC	37	"Esculentin-2CHa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Lithobates chiricahuensis	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: E. coli (MIC=5 ?M), K. pneumoniae (MIC=5 ?M), P. aeruginosa (MIC=5 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: S. aureus (MIC=5 ?M).##Yeast: C. albicans (MIC=10 ?M)."	[Ref.21262304] LC50=150 ?M against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys31 and Cys37)	Disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21262304	Peptides. 2011 Apr;32(4):664-669.	"Conlon JM, Mechkarska M, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, King JD."	Characterization of antimicrobial peptides in skin secretions from discrete populations of Lithobates chiricahuensis (Ranidae) from central and southern Arizona.
DRAMP01452	RISFKKGKGSWIKNGLIKGIKGLGKEISLDVIRTGIDIAGCKIKGEC	47	"Esculentin-1LTa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Hylarana latouchii (Broad-folded frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=0.6 ?M), Bacillus licheniformis X39 (MIC=10 ?M), Staphylococcus carnosus KHS (MIC=1.3 ?M), Rhodococcus rhodochrous X15 (MIC=0.3 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC25922 (MIC=5 ?M), Serratia rubidaea X01 (MIC=10 ?M), Psychrobacter faecalis X29 (MIC=0.6 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=80 ?M)."	[Ref.22426384] LD50>480 μM against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys41 and Cys47)	Disulfide bond between Cys41 and Cys47.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22426384	Biochimie. 2012 Jun;94(6):1317-1326.	"Wang H, Yu Z, Hu Y, Yu H, Ran R, Xia J, Wang D, Yang S, Yang X, Liu J."	"Molecular cloning and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from skin of the broad-folded frog, Hylarana latouchii."
DRAMP01453	GIFSLFKAGAKFFGKHLLKQAGKAGAEHLACKATNQC	37	"Esculentin-2LTa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Hylarana latouchii (Broad-folded frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=1.6 ?M), Bacillus licheniformis X39 (MIC=3.2 ?M), Staphylococcus carnosus KHS (MIC=3.2 ?M), Rhodococcus rhodochrous X15 (MIC=0.8 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Psychrobacter faecalis X29 (MIC=1.6 ?M). "	[Ref.22426384] LD50>600 μM against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys31 and Cys37)	Disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22426384	Biochimie. 2012 Jun;94(6):1317-1326.	"Wang H, Yu Z, Hu Y, Yu H, Ran R, Xia J, Wang D, Yang S, Yang X, Liu J."	"Molecular cloning and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from skin of the broad-folded frog, Hylarana latouchii."
DRAMP01454	GLFTLIKGAAKLIGKTVAKEAGKTGLELMACKITNQC	37	"Esculentin-2JDa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	B3A0M8	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana jingdongensis (Jingdong frog) (Rana jingdongensis)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus strains (Probable).
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 31-37."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) (MIC=34 ?g/ml), Extended-spectrum ??-lactamases E. coli (ESBL) (MIC=34 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (MIC=8 ?g/ml). "	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys31 and Cys37)	Disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22917879	J Proteomics. 2012 Oct 22;75(18):5807-5821.	"Liu J, Jiang J, Wu Z, Xie F."	"Antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the Asian frog, Odorrana jingdongensis: de novo sequencing and analysis of tandem mass spectrometry data."
DRAMP01456	GLFSILKGVGKIALKGLAKNMGKMGLDLVSCKISKEC	37	"Esculentin-2PLa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"A7WNV5, D3UA57"	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana palustris (Pickerel frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli, the Gram-positive bacterium: S. aureus and the yeast C. albicans.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 31-37."	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=1 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=10 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=49 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys31 and Cys37)	Disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	11087945	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Nov 30;1543(1):95-105.	"Basir YJ, Knoop FC, Dulka J, Conlon JM."	"Multiple antimicrobial peptides and peptides related to bradykinin and neuromedin N isolated from skin secretions of the pickerel frog, Rana palustris."
DRAMP01457	GIFSKFAGKGIKDLIIKGVKGIAKEAGMDVIRTGIDIAGCKIKGEC	46	"Esculentin-1V (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana hainanensis (Chinese frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial against the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus and the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli.	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209P (MIC=4.9 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=3.2 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys40 and Cys46)	Disulfide bond between Cys40 and Cys46.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16427248	Genomics. 2006 May;87(5):638-644.	"Chen T, Zhou M, Chen W, Lorimer J, Rao P, Walker B, Shaw C."	Cloning from tissue surrogates: antimicrobial peptide (esculentin) cDNAs from the defensive skin secretions of Chinese ranid frogs.
DRAMP01458	GIFTLFKGAAKLLGKTLAKEAGKTGLELMACKVTNQC	37	"Esculentin-2V (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana hainanensis (Chinese frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial against the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus and the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli.	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209P (MIC=4.4 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=2.8 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys31 and Cys37)	Disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16427248	Genomics. 2006 May;87(5):638-644.	"Chen T, Zhou M, Chen W, Lorimer J, Rao P, Walker B, Shaw C."	Cloning from tissue surrogates: antimicrobial peptide (esculentin) cDNAs from the defensive skin secretions of Chinese ranid frogs.
DRAMP01461	GLFSKFAGKGIKNMIIKGIKGIGKEVGMDVIRTGIDVAGCKIKGEC	46	"Esculentin-1S (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana schmackeri (piebald odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial against the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus and the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli.	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209P (MIC=3 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=1.7 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys40 and Cys46)	Disulfide bond between Cys40 and Cys46.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16427248	Genomics. 2006 May;87(5):638-644.	"Chen T, Zhou M, Chen W, Lorimer J, Rao P, Walker B, Shaw C."	Cloning from tissue surrogates: antimicrobial peptide (esculentin) cDNAs from the defensive skin secretions of Chinese ranid frogs.
DRAMP01462	GLFTLIKGAVKMIGKTVAKEAGKTGLELMACKVTNQC	37	"Esculentin-2S (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana schmackeri (piebald odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial against the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus and the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli.	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209P (MIC=2.6 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=1.1 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys31 and Cys37)	Disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16427248	Genomics. 2006 May;87(5):638-644.	"Chen T, Zhou M, Chen W, Lorimer J, Rao P, Walker B, Shaw C."	Cloning from tissue surrogates: antimicrobial peptide (esculentin) cDNAs from the defensive skin secretions of Chinese ranid frogs.
DRAMP01469	GIFALIKTAAKFVGKNLLKQAGKAGLEHLACKANNQC	37	"Esculentin-2-Ala (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Amolops loloensis	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Esculentin-2-Ala exhibits hemolytic activity against rabbit red blood cells.	"[Ref.19843479]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=2.5 ?g/mL), Bacillus dysenteriae (MIC=7.5 ?g/mL), Bacillus cereus (MIC=7.5 ?g/mL);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC25922 (MIC=12.5 ?g/mL), Bacillus pumilus (MIC=2.5 ?g/mL), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (MIC=25 ?g/mL), Psecdomonas aeruginosa (MIC=50 ?g/mL);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=2.5 ?g/mL)"	[Ref:19843479] It has 22% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/mL against rabbit red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys31 and Cys37)	Disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19843479	Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2010 Jan;155(1):72-76.	"Wang M, Wang Y, Wang A, Song Y, Ma D, Yang H, Ma Y, Lai R."	"Five novel antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of the frog, Amolops loloen."
DRAMP01470	GIFSLIKTAAKFVGKNLLKQAGKAGVEHLACKANNQC	37	"Esculentin-2-ALb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Amolops loloensis	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Esculentin-2-Alb exhibits hemolytic activity against rabbit red blood cells.	"[Ref.19843479]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=1.25 ?g/mL), Bacillus pumilus (MIC=2.5 ?g/mL), Bacillus cereus (MIC=7.5 ?g/mL);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC25922 (MIC=12.5 ?g/mL), Bacillus dysenteriae (MIC=7.5 ?g/mL), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (MIC=12.5 ?g/mL), Psecdomonas aeruginosa (MIC=50 ?g/mL);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=2.5 ?g/mL)."	[Ref:19843479] It has 17% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/mL against rabbit red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys31 and Cys37)	Disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19843479	Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2010 Jan;155(1):72-76.	"Wang M, Wang Y, Wang A, Song Y, Ma D, Yang H, Ma Y, Lai R."	"Five novel antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of the frog, Amolops loloen."
DRAMP01471	GLFPKINKKKAKTGVFNIIKTVGKEAGMDLIRTGIDTIGCKIKGEC	46	"Esculentin-1PLa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana palustris (North American pickerel frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial against the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus and the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli.	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=1 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=12 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys40 and Cys46)	Disulfide bond between Cys40 and Cys46.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	11087945	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Nov 30;1543(1):95-105.	"Basir YJ, Knoop FC, Dulka J, Conlon JM."	"Multiple antimicrobial peptides and peptides related to bradykinin and neuromedin N isolated from skin secretions of the pickerel frog, Rana palustris."
DRAMP01472	GIFTKINKKKAKTGVFNIIKTIGKEAGMDVIRAGIDTISCKIKGEC	46	"Esculentin-1PLb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana palustris (North American pickerel frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial against the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus and the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli.	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=1 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=15 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys40 and Cys46)	Disulfide bond between Cys40 and Cys46.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	11087945	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Nov 30;1543(1):95-105.	"Basir YJ, Knoop FC, Dulka J, Conlon JM."	"Multiple antimicrobial peptides and peptides related to bradykinin and neuromedin N isolated from skin secretions of the pickerel frog, Rana palustris."
DRAMP18393	AVKPKTAKPKTAKPKTA	17	VK6 (histone derived; reptiles; animals)	No entry found	Not found	Not found	"blood plasma, Komodo dragon, Varanus komodoensis"	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"		Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Active against P. eruginosa ATCC9027 (EC50 3.6 uM) and S. aureus ATCC 25923 (EC50 3.3 uM).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.28164707]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	28164707	J Proteome Res. 2017 Apr 7;16(4):1470-1482.	"Bishop BM, Juba ML, Russo PS, Devine M, Barksdale SM, Scott S, Settlage R, Michalak P, Gupta K, Vliet K, Schnur JM, van Hoek ML"	Discovery of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from Varanus komodoensis (Komodo dragon) by Large Scale Analyses and De Novo-Assisted Sequencing using Electron Transfer Dissociation Mass Spectrometry
DRAMP01474	GIFSKINKKKAKTGLFNIIKTVGKEAGMDVIRAGIDTISCKIKGEC	46	"Esculentin-1ARa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana areolata (crawfish frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Esculentin-1ARa has antibacterial against the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus and the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli. Also exhibits hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes (HC50=180 ?M).	[Ref.12429503]Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=2 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=13 ?M).	[Ref:12429503] HC50=180 ?M against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys40 and Cys46)	Disulfide bond between Cys40 and Cys46.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	12429503	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Nov 19;1601(1):55-63.	"Ali MF, Lips KR, Knoop FC, Fritzsch B, Miller C, Conlon JM."	"Antimicrobial peptides and protease inhibitors in the skin secretions of the crawfish frog, Rana areolata."
DRAMP01475	GLFPKFNKKKVKTGIFDIIKTVGKEAGMDVLRTGIDVIGCKIKGEC	46	"Esculentin-1ARb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana areolata (crawfish frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Esculentin-1ARb has antibacterial against the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus and the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli. Also exhibits hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes (HC50=120 ?M).	[Ref.12429503]Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=3 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=60 ?M).	[Ref:12429503] HC50=120 ?M against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys40 and Cys46)	Disulfide bond between Cys40 and Cys46.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	12429503	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Nov 19;1601(1):55-63.	"Ali MF, Lips KR, Knoop FC, Fritzsch B, Miller C, Conlon JM."	"Antimicrobial peptides and protease inhibitors in the skin secretions of the crawfish frog, Rana areolata."
DRAMP01476	GIFSLIKGAAQLIGKTVAKEAGKTGLELMACKVTKQC	37	"Esculentin-2HSa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P0C8T9	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana hosii (Hose's rock frog) (Rana hosii)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: contains one disulfide bond 31-37."	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=32 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25726 (MIC=16 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys31 and Cys37)	Disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18621071	Toxicon. 2008 Sep 1;52(3):465-473.	"Conlon JM, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Coquet L, Jouenne T, King JD."	"Characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the Malaysian frogs, Odorrana hosii and Hylarana picturata (Anura:Ranidae)."
DRAMP01477	GIFSKFGGKAIKNLFIKGAKNIGKEVGMDVIRTGIDVAGCKIKGEC	46	"Esculentin-1HSa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P0C8T8	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana hosii (Hose's rock frog) (Odorrana hosii)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: contains one disulfide bond 40-46."	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=12 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25726 (MIC=12 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys40 and Cys46)	Disulfide bond between Cys40 and Cys46.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18621071	Toxicon. 2008 Sep 1;52(3):465-473. 	"Conlon JM, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Coquet L, Jouenne T, King JD."	"Characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the Malaysian frogs, Odorrana hosii and Hylarana picturata (Anura:Ranidae)."
DRAMP01479	GLFSKLNKKKIKSGLIKIIKTAGKEAGLEALRTGIDVIGCKIKGEC	46	"Esculentin-1CPa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Lithobates capito (North American New World frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Active against bacteria and fungi.	[Ref.19635516]Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=25 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=50 ?M);##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=25 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys40 and Cys46)	Disulfide bond between Cys40 and Cys46.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19635516	Peptides. 2009 Oct;30(10):1775-1781.	"Conlon JM, Meetani MA, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, King JD."	Antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the New World frogs Lithobates capito and Lithobates warszewitschii (Ranidae).
DRAMP01480	GFFSLIKGVAKIATKGLAKNLGKMGLDLVGCKISKEC	37	"Esculentin-2CPa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Lithobates capito (North American New World frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Active against bacteria and fungi.	[Ref.19635516]Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=25 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=50 ?M);##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=25 ?M)	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys31 and Cys37)	Disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19635516	Peptides. 2009 Oct;30(10):1775-1781.	"Conlon JM, Meetani MA, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, King JD."	Antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the New World frogs Lithobates capito and Lithobates warszewitschii (Ranidae).
DRAMP01482	GIFSKFAGKGIKNLLVKGVKNIGKEVGMDVIRTGIDIAGCKIKGEC	46	"Esculentin-1ISa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana ishikawae (Japanese Endangered frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity.	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MC=6.3 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=3.1 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (MIC=25 ?M), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=25 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys40 and Cys46)	Disulfide bond between Cys40 and Cys46.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21193000	Peptides. 2011 Apr;32(4):670-676. 	"Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Ukena K, Okimoto A, Soga M, Okada G, Sano N, Fujii T, Sugawara Y, Sumida M."	Identification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the endangered frog Odorrana ishikawae.
DRAMP01483	RIFSKIGGKAIKNLILKGIKNIGKEVGMDVIRTGIDVAGCKIKGEC	46	"Esculentin-1ISb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana ishikawae (Japanese Endangered frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity.	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MC=3.1 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=3.1 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (MIC=12.5 ?M), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=12.5 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=50 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys40 and Cys46)	Disulfide bond between Cys40 and Cys46.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21193000	Peptides. 2011 Apr;32(4):670-676. 	"Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Ukena K, Okimoto A, Soga M, Okada G, Sano N, Fujii T, Sugawara Y, Sumida M."	Identification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the endangered frog Odorrana ishikawae.
DRAMP01484	GIFSLIKGAAKLITKTVAKEAGKTGLELMACKVTNQC	37	"Esculentin-2ISa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana ishikawae (Japanese Endangered frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity.	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MC=12.5 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=3.1 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (MIC=25 ?M), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=6.3 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=100 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys31 and Cys37)	Disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21193000	Peptides. 2011 Apr;32(4):670-676. 	"Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Ukena K, Okimoto A, Soga M, Okada G, Sano N, Fujii T, Sugawara Y, Sumida M."	Identification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the endangered frog Odorrana ishikawae.
DRAMP01486	GLFSKFAGKGIKNLIFKGVKHIGKEVGMDVIRTGIDVAGCKIKGEC	46	"Esculentin-1GRa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana grahami (Odorrana andersonii)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Shows antibacterial activity, also activity against fungus C. albicans."	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=6 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=12.5 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC>50 ?M).	[Ref.16621155] LC50=210 μM against human erythrocytes. 	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys40 and Cys46)	Disulfide bond between Cys40 and Cys46.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16621155	Peptides 2006; 27: 2111-2117.	"Conlon JM, Al-Ghaferi N, Abraham B, Jiansheng H, Cosette P, Leprince J, Jouenne T, Vaudry H."	"Antimicrobial peptides from diverse families isolated from the skin of the Asia frog, Rana Grahami."
DRAMP01490	GILSLVKGVAKLAGKGLAKEGGKFGLELIACKIAKQC	37	"Esculentin-2A (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P40845	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana esculenta (European Edible frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial species.	"[Ref.8163497]Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megaterium Bm11 (MIC=0.2 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (MIC=0.8 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli D21 (MIC=0.4 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC15692 (MIC=3.5 ?M)."	[Ref:8163497] Not found in the literature	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys31 and Cys37)	Disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	8163497	J Biol Chem. 1994 Apr 22;269(16):11956-11961.	"Simmaco M, Mignogna G, Barra D, Bossa F."	Antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of Rana esculenta. Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding esculentin and brevinins and isolation of new active peptides.
DRAMP01491	GIFSKLAGKKLKNLLISGLKNVGKEVGMDVVRTGIDIAGCKIKGEC	46	"Esculentin-1B (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P40844	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana esculenta (European Edible frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Transcript level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli D21 (MIC=0.2 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC15692 (MIC=0.7 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megaterium Bm11 (MIC=0.1 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus cowan I (MIC=0.4 ?M).##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=0.5 ?M), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC=0.9 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys40 and Cys46)	Disulfide bond between Cys40 and Cys46.	L	[Ref.8163497]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	8163497	J Biol Chem. 1994 Apr 22;269(16):11956-11961.	"Simmaco M, Mignogna G, Barra D, Bossa F."	Antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of Rana esculenta. Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding esculentin and brevinins and isolation of new active peptides.
DRAMP01493	GLFSKFVGKGIKNFLIKGVKHIGKEVGMDVIRVGIDVAGCKIKGVC	46	"Esculentin-1-OA1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. 	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=1.2 ?g/mL), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=1.2 ?g/mL).##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=1.2 ?g/mL).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=2.4 ?g/mL)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys40 and Cys46)	Disulfide bond between Cys40 and Cys46.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01494	GLFSKFSGKGIKNFLIKGVKHIGKEVGMDVIRTGIDVAGCKIKGEC	46	"Esculentin-1-OA2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. 	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=2.5 ?g/mL);##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=2.5 ?g/mL), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=1.3 ?g/mL).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=1.3 ?g/mL)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys40 and Cys46)	Disulfide bond between Cys40 and Cys46.	L	[Ref.22029824]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01495	GLFSKFAGKGIKDLIFKGVKHIGKEVGMDVIRVGIDVAGCKIKGVC	46	"Esculentin-1-OA3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. 	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=5.4 ?g/mL);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=5.4 ?g/mL), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=2.7 ?g/mL).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=2.7 ?g/mL)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys40 and Cys46)	Disulfide bond between Cys40 and Cys46.	L	[Ref.22029824]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01496	GLFTKFAGKGIKDLIFKGVKHIGKEVGMDVIRVGIDVAGCKIKGVC	46	"Esculentin-1-OA4 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. 	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=5.6 ?g/mL);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=2.8 ?g/mL), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=2.8 ?g/mL).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=5.6 ?g/mL)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys40 and Cys46)	Disulfide bond between Cys40 and Cys46.	L	[Ref.22029824]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01497	GLFSKFAGKGIKNFLIKGVKHIGKEVGMDVIRVGIDVAGCKIKGVC	46	"Esculentin-1-OA5 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. 	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=3.4 ?g/mL);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=1.7 ?g/mL), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=3.4 ?g/mL).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=1.7 ?g/mL)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys40 and Cys46)	Disulfide bond between Cys40 and Cys46.	L	[Ref.22029824]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01499	GIFSKISGKAIKNLFIKGAKNVGKEVGMDVVRTGIDVVGCKIKGEC	46	"Esculentin-1-OR1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. 	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=8.8 ?g/mL);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=4.4 ?g/mL), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=17.6 ?g/mL).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=8.8 ?g/mL)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys40 and Cys46)	Disulfide bond between Cys40 and Cys46.	L	[Ref.22029824]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01501	GIFSKISGKAIKNLFIKGAKNVGKRVGMDVVRTGMDVVGCKIKGEC	46	"Esculentin-1-OR3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. 	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=5.5 ?g/mL);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=11 ?g/mL), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=11 ?g/mL).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=11 ?g/mL)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys40 and Cys46)	Disulfide bond between Cys40 and Cys46.	L	[Ref.22029824]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01502	GIFSKISGKAIKNLFIKGAENVGKHVGIDVVRTGIDVVGCKIKGEC	46	"Esculentin-1-OR4 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. 	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=8.6 ?g/mL);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=8.6 ?g/mL), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=8.6 ?g/mL).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=8.6 ?g/mL)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys40 and Cys46)	Disulfide bond between Cys40 and Cys46.	L	[Ref.22029824]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01503	GIFSKISGKAIKNLFIKGAKNVGKEVGIDVVRTGMDVVGCKIKGEC	46	"Esculentin-1-OR5 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. 	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=4.1 ?g/mL);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=4.1 ?g/mL), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=8.2 ?g/mL).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=2.1 ?g/mL)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys40 and Cys46)	Disulfide bond between Cys40 and Cys46.	L	[Ref.22029824]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01504	GIFTLIKGAAKLIGKTVAKEAGKTGLELMACKITNQC	37	"Esculentin-2-OA1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. 	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=8.5 ?g/mL);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=4.3 ?g/mL), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=4.3 ?g/mL).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=8.5 ?g/mL)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys31 and Cys37)	Disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.	L	[Ref.22029824]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01505	GLFTLIKGAAKLIGKTTAKEAGKTGKLEMACKITNQC	37	"Esculentin-2-OA2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. 	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=10.8 ?g/mL);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=21.6 ?g/mL), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=21.6 ?g/mL)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys31 and Cys37)	Disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.	L	[Ref.22029824]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP18392	AKKPVAKKAAGGVKKPK	17	VK7 (histone derived; reptiles; animals)	No entry found	Not found	Not found	"blood plasma, Komodo dragon, Varanus komodoensis"	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"		Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Active against P. eruginosa ATCC9027 (EC50 38.4 uM) and S. aureus ATCC 25923 (EC50 1.3 uM).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.28164707]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	28164707	J Proteome Res. 2017 Apr 7;16(4):1470-1482.	"Bishop BM, Juba ML, Russo PS, Devine M, Barksdale SM, Scott S, Settlage R, Michalak P, Gupta K, Vliet K, Schnur JM, van Hoek ML"	Discovery of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from Varanus komodoensis (Komodo dragon) by Large Scale Analyses and De Novo-Assisted Sequencing using Electron Transfer Dissociation Mass Spectrometry
DRAMP01507	GVFTLIKGATQLIGKTLGKELGKTGLELMACKITNQC	37	"Esculentin-2-OR1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. 	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=10.8 ?g/mL);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=21.6 ?g/mL), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=21.6 ?g/mL).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=10.8 ?g/mL)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys31 and Cys37)	Disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.	L	[Ref.22029824]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01508	GVFTLIKGATQLIGKTLGKEVGKTGLELMACKITKQC	37	"Esculentin-2-OR2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. 	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=8.1 ?g/mL);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=4.1 ?g/mL), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=16.2 ?g/mL).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=8.1 ?g/mL)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys31 and Cys37)	Disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.	L	[Ref.22029824]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01509	GVFTLLKGATQLIGKTLGKELGKTGLELMACKITNQC	37	"Esculentin-2-OR3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. 	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=7.9 ?g/mL);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=7.9 ?g/mL), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=7.9 ?g/mL).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=15.8 ?g/mL)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys31 and Cys37)	Disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.	L	[Ref.22029824]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01510	GVFTLIKGATQLIGKTLGKELGKTGLELMACKITEQC	37	"Esculentin-2-OR4 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. 	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=3.6 ?g/mL);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=3.6 ?g/mL), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=3.6 ?g/mL).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=3.6 ?g/mL)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys31 and Cys37)	Disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.	L	[Ref.22029824]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01511	GVFTLIKGATQLIGKTLGKELGKTGLEIMACKITKQC	37	"Esculentin-2-OR5 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans. 	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=15.8 ?g/mL);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=15.8 ?g/mL), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=15.8 ?g/mL).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=7.9 ?g/mL)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys31 and Cys37)	Disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.	L	[Ref.22029824]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP01513	GIFSKLGRKKIKNLLISGLKNVGKEVGMDVVRTGIDIAGCKIKGEC	46	"Esculentin-1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P32414	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana esculenta (Edible frog) (Pelophylax esculentus)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the fungus C. albicans.  Has hemolytic activity.	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli D21 (MIC=0.2 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC15692 (MIC=0.7 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megaterium Bm11 (MIC=0.1 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus Cowan1 (MIC=0.4 ?M).##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=0.5 ?M), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC=0.9 ?M)."	[Ref. 8163497] LC>100μM	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys40 and Cys46)	Disulfide bond between Cys40 and Cys46.	L	[Ref.8508915]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	8508915	FEBS Lett. 1993 Jun 14;324(2):159-161.	"Simmaco M, Mignogna G, Barra D, Bossa F."	Novel antimicrobial peptides from skin secretion of the European frog Rana esculenta.
DRAMP01520	GLLNTFKDWAISIAKGAGKGVLTTLSCKLDKSC	33	"Rugosin-A (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P80954	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Glandirana rugosa (Japanese wrinkled frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 27-33."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus 209P (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus ATCC9341 (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Streptococcus pyogenes COOK (MIC=50 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli NIHJ (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO-1 (MIC>100 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	[Ref.7612013]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	7612013	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Jul 6;212(1):249-254.	"Suzuki S, Ohe Y, Kagegawa T, Tatemoto K."	"Isolation and characterization of novel antimicrobial peptides, rugosins A, B and C, from the skin of the frog, Rana rugosa."
DRAMP01521	SLFSLIKAGAKFLGKNLLKQGAQYAACKVSKEC	33	"Rugosin-B (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P80955	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Glandirana rugosa (Japanese wrinkled frog) (Rana rugosa)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 27-33."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus 209P (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus ATCC9341 (MIC=1.56 ?g/ml), Streptococcus pyogenes COOK (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli NIHJ (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO-1 (MIC=100 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	[Ref.7612013]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	7612013	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Jul 6;212(1):249-254.	"Suzuki S, Ohe Y, Kagegawa T, Tatemoto K."	"Isolation and characterization of novel antimicrobial peptides, rugosins A, B and C, from the skin of the frog, Rana rugosa."
DRAMP01524	SIRDKIKTIAIDLAKSAGTGVLKTLICKLDKSC	33	"Rugosin-RN1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana nigrovittata	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has weak hemolytic activity gainst rabbit red cells.	"[Ref.19778602]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 (MIC=4.69 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=9.38 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ML-35P (MIC=25.00 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=5.63 ?g/ml)"	[Ref:19778602]Show weak hemolytic activity against rabbit red cells	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bridge between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	[Ref.19778602]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19778602	Genomics. 2010 Jan;95(1):66-71.	"Ma Y, Liu C, Liu X, Wu J, Yang H, Wang Y, Li J, Yu H, Lai R."	"Peptidomics and genomics analysis of novel antimicrobial peptides from the frog, Rana nigrovittata."
DRAMP01525	SIRDKIKTIAIDLAKSAGMGILKTLICKLDKSC	33	"Rugosin-RN3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana nigrovittata	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 (MIC=16.51 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=18.75 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ML-35P (MIC=25.00 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=15.00 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bridge between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	[Ref.19778602]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19778602	Genomics. 2010 Jan;95(1):66-71.	"Ma Y, Liu C, Liu X, Wu J, Yang H, Wang Y, Li J, Yu H, Lai R."	"Peptidomics and genomics analysis of novel antimicrobial peptides from the frog, Rana nigrovittata."
DRAMP01526	SIRDKIKTIAIDLAKSAGTGVLKTLICKLNKSC	33	"Rugosin-RN5 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana nigrovittata	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 (MIC=15.00 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC43300 (MRSA) (MIC=12.50 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=18.75 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ML-35P (MIC=25.00 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=18.75 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bridge between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	[Ref.19778602]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19778602	Genomics. 2010 Jan;95(1):66-71.	"Ma Y, Liu C, Liu X, Wu J, Yang H, Wang Y, Li J, Yu H, Lai R."	"Peptidomics and genomics analysis of novel antimicrobial peptides from the frog, Rana nigrovittata."
DRAMP01533	CVISAGWNHKIRCKLTGNC	19	"Nigroain-B1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana nigrovittata (Black-striped frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Bridge	Not found	None	PTM: Contains one disulfide bridge.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 (MIC=4.69 ?g/ml), S. aureus ATCC43300 (MIC=50.00 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 (MIC=25.00 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 (MIC=25.00 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys13 and Cys19)	Disulfide bridge between Cys13 and Cys19.	L	[Ref.19778602]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19778602	Genomics. 2010 Jan;95(1):66-71. 	"Ma Y, Liu C, Liu X, Wu J, Yang H, Wang Y, Li J, Yu H, Lai R."	"Peptidomics and genomics analysis of novel antimicrobial peptides from the frog, Rana nigrovittata."
DRAMP01539	FKTWKRPPFQTSCWGIIKE	19	"Nigroain-C2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana nigrovittata (Black-striped frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 (MIC=27.50 ?g/ml), S. aureus ATCC43300 (MIC=55.00 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=110.00 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ML-35P (MIC=110.00 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 (MIC=55.00 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 (MIC=55.00 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=13.75 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.19778602]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19778602	Genomics. 2010 Jan;95(1):66-71. 	"Ma Y, Liu C, Liu X, Wu J, Yang H, Wang Y, Li J, Yu H, Lai R."	"Peptidomics and genomics analysis of novel antimicrobial peptides from the frog, Rana nigrovittata."
DRAMP01542	CVHWQTNTARTSCIGP	16	"Nigroain-D3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana nigrovittata (Black-striped frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	PTM: Contains one disulfide bridge.	Gram-positive bacterium: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=55 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=110 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Cyclization (Cys1 and Cys13)	Free	Disulfide bridge between Cys1 and Cys13.	L	[Ref.19778602]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19778602	Genomics. 2010 Jan;95(1):66-71. 	"Ma Y, Liu C, Liu X, Wu J, Yang H, Wang Y, Li J, Yu H, Lai R."	"Peptidomics and genomics analysis of novel antimicrobial peptides from the frog, Rana nigrovittata."
DRAMP01543	DCTRWIIGINGRICRD	16	"Nigroain-E1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana nigrovittata (Black-striped frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has hemolytic activity against rabbit red cells.	[Ref.19778602]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 (MIC=18.75 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=75 ?g/ml).	[Ref:19778602]7.62±1.6% hemolytic activity at 100 ?g/ml against rabbit red cells	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bridge between Cys2 and Cys14.	L	[Ref.19778602]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19778602	Genomics. 2010 Jan;95(1):66-71. 	"Ma Y, Liu C, Liu X, Wu J, Yang H, Wang Y, Li J, Yu H, Lai R."	"Peptidomics and genomics analysis of novel antimicrobial peptides from the frog, Rana nigrovittata."
DRAMP01546	SLWETIKNAGKGFIQNLDKIR	21	"Nigroain-K1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana nigrovittata (Black-striped frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity. Also has hemolytic activity against rabbit red cells.	"[Ref.19778602]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 (MIC=9.38 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=21.88 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ML-35P (MIC=37.50 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=32.74 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:19778602]22.49 ± 4.8% hemolytic activity at 100 ?g/ml against rabbit red cells	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.19778602]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19778602	Genomics. 2010 Jan;95(1):66-71. 	"Ma Y, Liu C, Liu X, Wu J, Yang H, Wang Y, Li J, Yu H, Lai R."	"Peptidomics and genomics analysis of novel antimicrobial peptides from the frog, Rana nigrovittata."
DRAMP01547	SLWETIKNAGKGFILNILDKIRCKVAGGCKT	31	"Nigroain-K2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana nigrovittata (Black-striped frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity. Also has hemolytic activity against rabbit red cells.	"[Ref.19778602]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 (MIC=11.25 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC43300 (MIC=9.38 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=9.38 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Escherichia coli ML-35P (MIC=25.00 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 (MIC=25.00 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 (MIC=25.00 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=15.00 ?g/ml)"	[Ref:19778602]85.52 ± 3.26% hemolytic activity at 50 ?g/ml against rabbit red cells	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bridge between Cys23 and Cys29.	L	[Ref.19778602]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19778602	Genomics. 2010 Jan;95(1):66-71. 	"Ma Y, Liu C, Liu X, Wu J, Yang H, Wang Y, Li J, Yu H, Lai R."	"Peptidomics and genomics analysis of novel antimicrobial peptides from the frog, Rana nigrovittata."
DRAMP01549	GLLSVLGSVAKHVLPHVVPVIAEHL	25	"Caerin-1.1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"P62568, P62569, Q800R2, P56226"	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Caerin subfamily)	Not found	Litoria splendida (Magnificent tree frog) (Litoria gilleni) (Litoria caerulea)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antiviral"	Protein level	Alpha helix 	The peptide adopts two well-defined helices from Leu2 to Lys11 and from Val17 to His24 separated by a region of less-defined helicity and greater flexibility.	None	"Function: Antibacterial and antiviral peptides that adopt an alpha helical conformation which can disrupt bacterial membranes. Each caerin displays a different antimicrobial specificity.
Tissue specificity: Secreted by the skin parotoid and/or rostral glands.
Domain: Contains two amphipathic alpha helix regions separated by a region of less-defined helicity and greater flexibility.
Miscellaneous: Caerin 1.1 completely inhibits HIV infection of T cells within minutes of exposure to virus at concentrations that were not toxic to target cells (J Virol. 2005 Sep;79(18):11598-606).
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	"[Ref.15203252]Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=1.5 ?g/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=3-12 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermis (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Pasteurella multocida (MIC=25 ?g/ml).##[Ref.16140737]Virus:HIV:inhibit 50% of PBS-treated HIV infection of T cells(IC50=7.8 μM);inhibition of HIV transfer by dendritic cells to T cells(IC50=12.6 μM)"	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	No cytotoxicity information found in the reference(s) presented	Cell membrane	16140737##9266696##12709067##15203252	J Virol. 2005 Sep;79(18):11598-606. ##Eur J Biochem. 1997 Jul 15;247(2):545-557.##Eur J Biochem. 2003 May;270(9):2068-2081.##Peptides. 2004 Jun;25(6):1035-1054.	"VanCompernolle SE, Taylor RJ, Oswald-Richter K, Jiang J, Youree BE, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Conlon JM, Wade D, Aiken C, Dermody TS, KewalRamani VN, Rollins-Smith LA, Unutmaz D.##Wong H, Bowie JH, Carver JA.##Vanhoye D, Bruston F, Nicolas P, Amiche M.##Apponyi MA, Pukala TL, Brinkworth CS, Maselli VM, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Booker GW, Wallace JC, Carver JA, Separovic F, Doyle J, Llewellyn LE."	"Antimicrobial peptides from amphibian skin potently inhibit human immunodeficiency virus infection and transfer of virus from dendritic cells to T cells.##The solution structure and activity of caerin 1.1, an antimicrobial peptide from the Australian green tree frog, Litoria splendida.##Antimicrobial peptides from hylid and ranin frogs originated from a 150-million-year-old ancestral precursor with a conserved signal peptide but a hypermutable antimicrobial domain.##Host-defence peptides of Australian anurans: structure, mechanism of action and evolutionary significance."
DRAMP01550	GLLGAMFKVASKVLPHVVPAITEHF	25	"Caerin-1.11 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	Q800R9	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Caerin subfamily)	Not found	Litoria caerulea (Green tree frog) 	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial and antiviral peptides that adopt an alpha helical conformation which can disrupt bacterial membranes. Each caerin displays a different antimicrobial specificity (By similarity).
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli B (MIC=25 ?M), Enterobacter cloacae (MIC=50 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=25 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus haemolyticus (MIC=50 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.12709067]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.22771617]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	12709067##22771617	Eur J Biochem. 2003 May;270(9):2068-2081.##Peptides. 2012 Sep;37(1):174-188.	"Vanhoye D, Bruston F, Nicolas P, Amiche M.##Bowie JH, Separovic F, Tyler MJ."	"Antimicrobial peptides from hylid and ranin frogs originated from a 150-million-year-old ancestral precursor with a conserved signal peptide but a hypermutable antimicrobial domain.##Host-defense peptides of Australian anurans. Part 2. Structure, activity, mechanism of action, and evolutionary significance."
DRAMP01552	GLLSVLGSVAQHVLPHVVPVIAEHL	25	"Caerin-1.3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P56228	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Caerin subfamily)	Not found	Litoria caerulea (Australian frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial peptide, that adopts an alpha helical conformation which can disrupt bacterial membranes. Each caerin displays a different antimicrobial specificity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin parotoid and/or rostral glands.
Domain: Contains two amphipathic alpha helix regions separated by a region of less-defined helicity and greater flexibility (By similarity).
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=3 ?g/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=6-12 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermis (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=25 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Pasteurella multocida (MIC=50 ?g/ml). (Ref.2)"	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.15203252]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	15203252##PubMed ID is not available	Peptides. 2004 Jun;25(6):1035-1054.##J. Chem. Res. 1993; 138: 910-936.	"Apponyi MA, Pukala TL, Brinkworth CS, Maselli VM, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Booker GW, Wallace JC, Carver JA, Separovic F, Doyle J, Llewellyn LE.##Stone DJM, Waugh RJ, Bowie JH, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ."	"Host-defence peptides of Australian anurans: structure, mechanism of action and evolutionary significance.##Peptides from Australian frogs. The structures of the caerins from Litoria caerula."
DRAMP01553	GLLSSLSSVAKHVLPHVVPVIAEHL	25	"Caerin-1.4 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"P62544, P56229, P62545, P56229"	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Caerin subfamily)	Not found	Litoria caerulea (Green tree frog) (also Litoria gilleni) (Centralian tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial peptide, that adopts an alpha helical conformation which can disrupt bacterial membranes. Each caerin displays a different antimicrobial specificity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin parotoid and/or rostral glands.
Domain: Contains two amphipathic alpha helix regions separated by a region of less-defined helicity and greater flexibility (By similarity).
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=0.4 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermis (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=100 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Pasteurella multocida (MIC=25 ?g/ml). (Ref.2)"	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.15203252]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	15203252##PubMed ID is not available	Peptides. 2004 Jun;25(6):1035-1054.##J. Chem. Res. 1993; 138: 910-936.	"Apponyi MA, Pukala TL, Brinkworth CS, Maselli VM, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Booker GW, Wallace JC, Carver JA, Separovic F, Doyle J, Llewellyn LE.##Stone DJM, Waugh RJ, Bowie JH, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ."	"Host-defence peptides of Australian anurans: structure, mechanism of action and evolutionary significance.##Peptides from Australian frogs. The structures of the caerins from Litoria caerula."
DRAMP01555	GLLSVLGSVVKHVIPHVVPVIAEHL	25	"Caerin-1.5 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P56230	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Caerin subfamily)	Not found	Litoria caerulea (Green tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-,Antiviral"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial peptide, that adopts an alpha helical conformation which can disrupt bacterial membranes. Each caerin displays a different antimicrobial specificity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin parotoid and/or rostral glands.
Domain: Contains two amphipathic alpha helix regions separated by a region of less-defined helicity and greater flexibility (By similarity).
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	"[Ref.15203252]Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=3 ?g/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermis (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=50 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Pasteurella multocida (MIC=25 ?g/ml). ##[Ref.26026377]Virus:HIV: inhibition of HIV Pseudovirus (PsV) infection in CD4+ T cells(IC50=3 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.26026377]Human endocervical cells End1/E6E7:50% cell death at 12.5 ?M.	Not found	26026377##15203252##PubMed ID is not available	Peptides. 2015 Sep;71:296-303. ##Peptides. 2004 Jun;25(6):1035-1054.##J. Chem. Res. 1993; 138: 910-936.	"VanCompernolle S, Smith PB, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Unutmaz D, Rollins-Smith LA.##Apponyi MA, Pukala TL, Brinkworth CS, Maselli VM, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Booker GW, Wallace JC, Carver JA, Separovic F, Doyle J, Llewellyn LE.##Stone DJM, Waugh RJ, Bowie JH, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ."	"Inhibition of HIV infection by caerin 1 antimicrobial peptides.##Host-defence peptides of Australian anurans: structure, mechanism of action and evolutionary significance.##Peptides from Australian frogs. The structures of the caerins from Litoria caerula."
DRAMP01560	GLFGVLGSIAKHVLPHVVPVIAEKL	25	"Caerin-1.9 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P81252	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Caerin subfamily)	Not found	Litoria chloris (Blue-thighed frog) (frog skin active peptide family)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal, Antiviral"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial peptide, that adopts an alpha helical conformation which can disrupt bacterial membranes. Each caerin displays a different antimicrobial specificity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin dorsal glands.
Domain: Contains two amphipathic alpha helix regions separated by a region of less-defined helicity and greater flexibility (By similarity).
PTM: C-terminal amidation.
Miscellaneous: Caerin 1.9 completely inhibited HIV infection of T cells within minutes of exposure to virus at concentrations that were not toxic to target cells (J Virol. 2005 Sep;79(18):11598-606)."	"[Ref.15203252]Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermis (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=50 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Pasteurella multocida (MIC=50 ?g/ml). ##[Ref.16140737]Virus:HIV:inhibit 50% of PBS-treated HIV infection of T cells(IC50=1.2 μM);inhibition of HIV transfer by dendritic cells to T cells(IC50=1.6 μM).##[Ref.26026377]Virus:HIV: inhibition of HIV Pseudovirus (PsV) infection in CD4+ T cells(IC50=4 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	"[Ref.26026377]CD4+ T Lymphocytes:50% cell death at 20	?M."	Not found	26026377##16140737##15203252##9516047	Peptides. 2015 Sep;71:296-303. ##J Virol. 2005 Sep;79(18):11598-606. ##Peptides. 2004 Jun;25(6):1035-1054.##J Pept Res. 1998 Feb;51(2):121-126.	"VanCompernolle S, Smith PB, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Unutmaz D, Rollins-Smith LA.##VanCompernolle SE, Taylor RJ, Oswald-Richter K, Jiang J, Youree BE, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Conlon JM, Wade D, Aiken C, Dermody TS, KewalRamani VN, Rollins-Smith LA, Unutmaz D.##Apponyi MA, Pukala TL, Brinkworth CS, Maselli VM, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Booker GW, Wallace JC, Carver JA, Separovic F, Doyle J, Llewellyn LE.##Steinborner ST, Currie GJ, Bowie JH, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ."	"Inhibition of HIV infection by caerin 1 antimicrobial peptides.##Antimicrobial peptides from amphibian skin potently inhibit human immunodeficiency virus infection and transfer of virus from dendritic cells to T cells.##Host-defence peptides of Australian anurans: structure, mechanism of action and evolutionary significance.##New antibiotic caerin 1 peptides from the skin secretion of the Australian tree frog Litoria chloris. Comparison of the activities of the caerin 1 peptides from the genus Litoria."
DRAMP01562	GLVSSIGRALGGLLADVVKSKGQPA	25	"Caerin-2.1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"P56233, P86485"	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Caerin subfamily)	Not found	Litoria splendida (Magnificent tree frog) (Emerald spotted tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial peptide, that adopts an alpha helical conformation which can disrupt bacterial membranes. Each caerin displays a different antimicrobial specificity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin parotoid and/or rostral glands."	Gram-negative bacterium: Pasteurella multocida (MIC=25 ?g/ml). (Ref.2)	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.15203252]No  cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.19642086]No  cytotoxicity information found	Not found	15203252##19642086	Peptides. 2004 Jun;25(6):1035-1054.##Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2009 Sep;23(17):2628-2636.	"Apponyi MA, Pukala TL, Brinkworth CS, Maselli VM, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Booker GW, Wallace JC, Carver JA, Separovic F, Doyle J, Llewellyn LE.##Bilusich D, Jackway RJ, Musgrave IF, Tyler MJ, Bowie JH."	"Host-defence peptides of Australian anurans: structure, mechanism of action and evolutionary significance.##The host-defence skin peptide profiles of Peron's Tree Frog Litoria peronii in winter and summer. Sequence determination by electrospray mass spectrometry and activities of the peptides."
DRAMP01563	GLVSSIGRALGGLLADVVKSKEQPA	25	"Caerin-2.2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"P62570, P62571, P56234"	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Caerin subfamily)	Not found	Litoria gilleni (Centralian tree frog) (also Litoria caerulea) (Green tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antimicrobial peptide, that adopts an alpha helical conformation which can disrupt bacterial membranes. Each caerin displays a different antimicrobial specificity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin parotoid and/or rostral glands."	Gram-positive bacterium: Micrococcus luteus (MIC=50 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Pasteurella multocida (MIC=25 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.15203252]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	15203252##PubMed ID is not available	Peptides. 2004 Jun;25(6):1035-1054.##J. Chem. Res. 1993; 138: 910-936.	"Apponyi MA, Pukala TL, Brinkworth CS, Maselli VM, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Booker GW, Wallace JC, Carver JA, Separovic F, Doyle J, Llewellyn LE.##Stone DJM, Waugh RJ, Bowie JH, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ."	"Host-defence peptides of Australian anurans: structure, mechanism of action and evolutionary significance.##Peptides from Australian frogs. The structures of the caerins from Litoria caerula."
DRAMP01567	GLVSSIGKVLGGLLADVVKSKGQPA	25	"Caerin-2.6 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Caerin subfamily)	Not found	the skin secretions) (hybrid between female Litoria splendida; also male Litoria caerulea 	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial peptide, that adopts an alpha helical conformation which can disrupt bacterial membranes. Each caerin displays a different antimicrobial specificity (By similarity).
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	Gram-positive bacterium: Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=25 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear 	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.16824041]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16824041	FEBS J. 2006 Aug;273(15):3511-3519.	"Pukala TL, Bertozzi T, Donnellan SC, Bowie JH, Surinya-Johnson KH, Liu Y, Jackway RJ, Doyle JR, Llewellyn LE, Tyler MJ."	"Host-defence peptide profiles of the skin secretions of interspecific hybrid tree frogs and their parents, female Litoria splendida and male Litoria caerulea."
DRAMP01568	GLVSSIGKALGGLLVDVVKSKGQPA	25	"Caerin-2.7 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Caerin subfamily)	Not found	the skin secretions) (hybrid between female Litoria splendida; also male Litoria caerulea 	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial peptide, that adopts an alpha helical conformation which can disrupt bacterial membranes. Each caerin displays a different antimicrobial specificity (By similarity).
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	Gram-positive bacterium: Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=50 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear 	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.16824041]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16824041	FEBS J. 2006 Aug;273(15):3511-3519.	"Pukala TL, Bertozzi T, Donnellan SC, Bowie JH, Surinya-Johnson KH, Liu Y, Jackway RJ, Doyle JR, Llewellyn LE, Tyler MJ."	"Host-defence peptide profiles of the skin secretions of interspecific hybrid tree frogs and their parents, female Litoria splendida and male Litoria caerulea."
DRAMP01570	GLWEKIKEKASELVSGIVEGVK	22	"Caerin-3.2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P56239	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Caerin subfamily)	Not found	Litoria caerulea (Green tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial peptide, that adopts an alpha helical conformation which can disrupt bacterial membranes. Each caerin displays a different antimicrobial specificity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin parotoid and/or rostral glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	Gram-positive bacterium: Micrococcus luteus (MIC=3 ?g/ml). (Ref.2)	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.15203252]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	15203252##PubMed ID is not available	Peptides. 2004 Jun;25(6):1035-1054.##J. Chem. Res. 1993; 138: 910-936.	"Apponyi MA, Pukala TL, Brinkworth CS, Maselli VM, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Booker GW, Wallace JC, Carver JA, Separovic F, Doyle J, Llewellyn LE.##Stone DJM, Waugh RJ, Bowie JH, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ."	"Host-defence peptides of Australian anurans: structure, mechanism of action and evolutionary significance.##Peptides from Australian frogs. The structures of the caerins from Litoria caerula."
DRAMP01573	GLWEKVKEKANELVSGIVEGVK	22	"Caerin-3.5 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P0C2A9	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Caerin subfamily)	Not found	Litoria gracilenta (Dainty green tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Shows significant activity against Gram-positive organisms, but is less effective against Gram-negative organisms.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin dorsal glands."	Gram-positive bacterium: Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=100 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.16554081]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16554081	Toxicon. 2006 May;47(6):664-675.	"Maclean MJ, Brinkworth CS, Bilusich D, Bowie JH, Doyle JR, Llewellyn LE, Tyler MJ."	New caerin antibiotic peptides from the skin secretion of the Dainty Green Tree Frog Litoria gracilenta. Identification using positive and negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry.
DRAMP01574	GLWQKIKSAAGDLASGIVEGIKS	23	"Caerin-4.1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P56242	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Caerin subfamily)	Not found	Litoria caerulea (Green tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-,Antiviral"	Protein level	Alpha helix 	Not found	None	"PTM: adopt an alpha helical conformation which can disrupt bacterial membranes. Each caerin displays a different antimicrobial specificity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin parotoid and/or rostral glands."	[Ref.15203252]Gram-positive bacterium: Micrococcus luteus (MIC=12 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=25 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.15203252]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	15203252##PubMed ID is not available	Peptides. 2004 Jun;25(6):1035-1054.##J. Chem. Res. 1993; 138: 910-936.	"Apponyi MA, Pukala TL, Brinkworth CS, Maselli VM, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Booker GW, Wallace JC, Carver JA, Separovic F, Doyle J, Llewellyn LE.##Stone DJM, Waugh RJ, Bowie JH, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ."	"Host-defence peptides of Australian anurans: structure, mechanism of action and evolutionary significance.##Peptides from Australian frogs. The structures of the caerins from Litoria caerula."
DRAMP01576	GLWQKIKNAAGDLASGIVEGIKS	23	"Caerin-4.3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P56244	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Caerin subfamily)	Not found	Litoria caerulea (Green tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial peptide, that adopts an alpha helical conformation which can disrupt bacterial membranes. Each caerin displays a different antimicrobial specificity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin parotoid and/or rostral glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	Gram-positive bacterium: Micrococcus luteus (MIC=25 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=50 ?g/ml).(Ref.2)	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.15203252]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	15203252##PubMed ID is not available	Peptides. 2004 Jun;25(6):1035-1054.##J. Chem. Res. 1993; 138: 910-936.	"Apponyi MA, Pukala TL, Brinkworth CS, Maselli VM, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Booker GW, Wallace JC, Carver JA, Separovic F, Doyle J, Llewellyn LE.##Stone DJM, Waugh RJ, Bowie JH, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ."	"Host-defence peptides of Australian anurans: structure, mechanism of action and evolutionary significance.##Peptides from Australian frogs. The structures of the caerins from Litoria caerula."
DRAMP01577	GLLSVLGSVAKHVLPHVVPVIAEKL	25	"Caerin-1.10 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"P86502, P82104"	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Caerin subfamily)	Not found	Litoria rothii (Roth's tree frog); also Litoria splendida (Magnificent tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-,Antiviral"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial peptide with wide spectrum of activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	"[Ref.10601876]Gram-positive bacteria: Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=6 ?g/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=100 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Pasteurella multocida (MIC=100 ?g/ml).##[Ref.26026377]Virus:HIV: inhibition of HIV Pseudovirus (PsV) infection in CD4+ T cells(IC50=2.5 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	"[Ref.26026377]CD4+ T Lymphocytes:50% cell death at 22	?M."	Not found	26026377##16124032##10601876	Peptides. 2015 Sep;71:296-303. ##Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2005;19(18):2716-2724.##Eur J Biochem. 2000 Jan;267(1):269-275.	"VanCompernolle S, Smith PB, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Unutmaz D, Rollins-Smith LA.##Brinkworth CS, Bowie JH, Bilusich D, Tyler MJ.##Wabnitz PA, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Wallace JC, Smith BP."	"Inhibition of HIV infection by caerin 1 antimicrobial peptides.##The rothein peptides from the skin secretion of Roth's tree frog Litoria rothii. Sequence determination using positive and negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry.##Differences in the skin peptides of the male and female Australian tree frog Litoria splendida. The discovery of the aquatic male sex pheromone splendipherin, together with phe8 caerulein and a new antibiotic peptide caerin 1.10."
DRAMP18389	AKKPVAKKAAGGVKKPKK	18	VK12 (histone derived; animals)	No entry found	Not found	Not found	"blood plasma, Komodo dragon, Varanus komodoensis"	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"		Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Active against P. eruginosa ATCC9027 (EC50 0.7 uM) and S. aureus ATCC 25923 (EC50 0.8 uM).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.28164707]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	28164707	J Proteome Res. 2017 Apr 7;16(4):1470-1482.	"Bishop BM, Juba ML, Russo PS, Devine M, Barksdale SM, Scott S, Settlage R, Michalak P, Gupta K, Vliet K, Schnur JM, van Hoek ML"	Discovery of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from Varanus komodoensis (Komodo dragon) by Large Scale Analyses and De Novo-Assisted Sequencing using Electron Transfer Dissociation Mass Spectrometry
DRAMP18390	AKAVKPKTAKPKTAKPKTAKA	21	VK11 (histone derived; reptiles; animals)	No entry found	Not found	Not found	"blood plasma, Komodo dragon, Varanus komodoensis"	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"		Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Active against P. eruginosa ATCC9027 (EC50 2.8 uM) and S. aureus ATCC 25923 (EC50 4.7 uM).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.28164707]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	28164707	J Proteome Res. 2017 Apr 7;16(4):1470-1482.	"Bishop BM, Juba ML, Russo PS, Devine M, Barksdale SM, Scott S, Settlage R, Michalak P, Gupta K, Vliet K, Schnur JM, van Hoek ML"	Discovery of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from Varanus komodoensis (Komodo dragon) by Large Scale Analyses and De Novo-Assisted Sequencing using Electron Transfer Dissociation Mass Spectrometry
DRAMP18391	ARTKQTARKSTGGKAPRKQLAT	22	VK10 (histone derived; reptiles; animals)	No entry found	Not found	Not found	"blood plasma, Komodo dragon, Varanus komodoensis"	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"		Not found	Not found	"2PY0, 2NQB, 2IO5, 2FJ7, 1ZLA, 1KX3, 1KX4, 1KX5,1HIO"	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Active against P. eruginosa ATCC9027 (EC50 1.3 uM) and S. aureus ATCC 25923 (EC50 2.5 uM).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.28164707]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	28164707	J Proteome Res. 2017 Apr 7;16(4):1470-1482.	"Bishop BM, Juba ML, Russo PS, Devine M, Barksdale SM, Scott S, Settlage R, Michalak P, Gupta K, Vliet K, Schnur JM, van Hoek ML"	Discovery of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from Varanus komodoensis (Komodo dragon) by Large Scale Analyses and De Novo-Assisted Sequencing using Electron Transfer Dissociation Mass Spectrometry
DRAMP01584	GLFSVLGSVAKHLLPHVAPIIAEKL	25	"Caerin-1.17 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P0C2A6	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Caerin subfamily)	Not found	Litoria gracilenta (Dainty green tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Caerin-1.17 shows significant activity against Gram-positive organisms, but is less effective against Gram-negative organisms.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin dorsal glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=3 ?g/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus Strain ATCC 25923 (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus Strain ATCC 29213 (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Pasteurella multocida (MIC=25 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.16554081]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16554081	Toxicon. 2006 May;47(6):664-675.	"Maclean MJ, Brinkworth CS, Bilusich D, Bowie JH, Doyle JR, Llewellyn LE, Tyler MJ."	New caerin antibiotic peptides from the skin secretion of the Dainty Green Tree Frog Litoria gracilenta. Identification using positive and negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry.
DRAMP01585	GLFSVLGSVAKHLLPHVVPVIAEKL	25	"Caerin-1.18 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P0C2A7	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Caerin subfamily)	Not found	Litoria gracilenta (Dainty green tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Shows significant activity against Gram-positive organisms, but is less effective against Gram-negative organisms.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin dorsal glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=25 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Pasteurella multocida (MIC=50 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.16554081]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16554081	Toxicon. 2006 May;47(6):664-675.	"Maclean MJ, Brinkworth CS, Bilusich D, Bowie JH, Doyle JR, Llewellyn LE, Tyler MJ."	New caerin antibiotic peptides from the skin secretion of the Dainty Green Tree Frog Litoria gracilenta. Identification using positive and negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry.
DRAMP01586	GLFKVLGSVAKHLLPHVAPIIAEKL	25	"Caerin-1.19 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P0C2A8	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Caerin subfamily)	Not found	Litoria gracilenta (Dainty green tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-,Antiviral"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Caerin-1.19 shows significant activity against Gram-positive organisms, but is less effective against Gram-negative organisms.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin dorsal glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	"[Ref.16554081]Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=3 ?g/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus Strain ATCC 25923 (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus Strain ATCC 29213 (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=25 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Pasteurella multocida (MIC=50 ?g/ml).##[Ref.26026377]Virus:HIV: inhibition of HIV Pseudovirus (PsV) infection in CD4+ T cells(IC50=2.5 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	No cytotoxicity information found in the reference(s) presented	Not found	26026377##16554081	Peptides. 2015 Sep;71:296-303. ##Toxicon. 2006 May;47(6):664-675.	"VanCompernolle S, Smith PB, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Unutmaz D, Rollins-Smith LA.##Maclean MJ, Brinkworth CS, Bilusich D, Bowie JH, Doyle JR, Llewellyn LE, Tyler MJ."	Inhibition of HIV infection by caerin 1 antimicrobial peptides.##New caerin antibiotic peptides from the skin secretion of the Dainty Green Tree Frog Litoria gracilenta. Identification using positive and negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry.
DRAMP01587	GLFDVIKKVASVIGGL	16	"Citropin-1.1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"P81835, P81836, P81837"	Not found	Not found	Litoria citropa (Australian blue mountains tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Alpha helix	Not found	None	"Function: Bacteriostatic action for Gram-positive bacteria.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the dorsal and submental skin glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=6 ?g/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=25 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.10504394]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10504394	Eur J Biochem. 1999 Oct;265(2):627-637.	"Wegener KL, Wabnitz PA, Carver JA, Bowie JH, Chia BC, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ."	Host defence peptides from the skin glands of the Australian blue mountains tree-frog Litoria citropa. Solution structure of the antibacterial peptide citropin 1.1.
DRAMP01588	GLFAVIKKVASVIGGL	16	"Citropin-1.1 sm1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Synthesized modify	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Synthetic	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Amphibian defensive peptide.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the dorsal and submental skin glands."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=3 ?g/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=25 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.10504394]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10504394	Eur J Biochem. 1999 Oct;265(2):627-637.	"Wegener KL, Wabnitz PA, Carver JA, Bowie JH, Chia BC, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ."	Host defence peptides from the skin glands of the Australian blue mountains tree-frog Litoria citropa. Solution structure of the antibacterial peptide citropin 1.1.
DRAMP01589	GLFDVIAKVASVIGGL	16	"Citropin-1.1 sm2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Synthesized modify	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Synthetic	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Amphibian defensive peptide.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the dorsal and submental skin glands."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=100 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.10504394]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10504394	Eur J Biochem. 1999 Oct;265(2):627-637.	"Wegener KL, Wabnitz PA, Carver JA, Bowie JH, Chia BC, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ."	Host defence peptides from the skin glands of the Australian blue mountains tree-frog Litoria citropa. Solution structure of the antibacterial peptide citropin 1.1.
DRAMP01590	GLFDVIAKVASVIKKL	16	"Citropin 1.1 M14 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Synthetic construct	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Synthetic	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacterium: E. coli (MIC=53 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: S. aureus (MIC=3 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.20564028]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	20564028	Biopolymers. 2011;96(2):147-157.	"Chia CS, Gong Y, Bowie JH, Zuegg J, Cooper MA. "	"Membrane binding and perturbation studies of the antimicrobial peptides caerin, citropin, and maculatin."
DRAMP01591	GLFAVIKKVASVIKKL	16	"Citropin 1.1 M15 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Synthetic construct	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Synthetic	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacterium: E. coli (MIC=53 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: S. aureus (MIC=3 ?M), B. subtilis (MIC=3 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.20564028]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	20564028	Biopolymers. 2011;96(2):147-157.	"Chia CS, Gong Y, Bowie JH, Zuegg J, Cooper MA. "	"Membrane binding and perturbation studies of the antimicrobial peptides caerin, citropin, and maculatin."
DRAMP01594	GLFDIIKKVASVVGGL	16	"Citropin-1.2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"P81840, P81841, P81842, P81843"	Not found	Not found	Litoria citropa (Australian blue mountains tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Amphibian defensive peptide.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the dorsal and submental skin glands."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=3 ?g/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=12 ?g/ml). (Ref.2)"	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.15203252]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.10504394]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10504394##15203252	Eur J Biochem. 1999 Oct;265(2):627-637.##Peptides. 2004 Jun;25(6):1035-1054.	"Wegener KL, Wabnitz PA, Carver JA, Bowie JH, Chia BC, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ.##Apponyi MA, Pukala TL, Brinkworth CS, Maselli VM, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Booker GW, Wallace JC, Carver JA, Separovic F, Doyle J, Llewellyn LE."	"Host defence peptides from the skin glands of the Australian blue mountains tree-frog Litoria citropa. Solution structure of the antibacterial peptide citropin 1.1.##Host-defence peptides of Australian anurans: structure, mechanism of action and evolutionary significance."
DRAMP01600	GLFDIIKKVASVIGGL	16	"Citropin-1.3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P81846	Not found	Not found	Litoria citropa (Australian blue mountains tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Amphibian defensive peptide.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the dorsal and submental skin glands."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=6 ?g/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=25 ?g/ml). (Ref.2)"	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.15203252]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.10504394]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10504394##15203252	Eur J Biochem. 1999 Oct;265(2):627-637.##Peptides. 2004 Jun;25(6):1035-1054.	"Wegener KL, Wabnitz PA, Carver JA, Bowie JH, Chia BC, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ.##Apponyi MA, Pukala TL, Brinkworth CS, Maselli VM, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Booker GW, Wallace JC, Carver JA, Separovic F, Doyle J, Llewellyn LE."	"Host defence peptides from the skin glands of the Australian blue mountains tree-frog Litoria citropa. Solution structure of the antibacterial peptide citropin 1.1.##Host-defence peptides of Australian anurans: structure, mechanism of action and evolutionary significance."
DRAMP01601	GLIGSIGKALGGLLVDVLKPKL	22	"Citropin-2.1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Litoria citropa (Australian blue mountains tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Amphibian defensive peptide.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the dorsal and submental skin glands."	Gram-positive bacterium: Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=50 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.10504394]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10504394	Eur J Biochem. 1999 Oct;265(2):627-637.	"Wegener KL, Wabnitz PA, Carver JA, Bowie JH, Chia BC, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ."	Host defence peptides from the skin glands of the Australian blue mountains tree-frog Litoria citropa. Solution structure of the antibacterial peptide citropin 1.1.
DRAMP01602	GLIGSIGKALGGLLVDVLKPKLQAAS	26	"Citropin-2.1.3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"P81847, P81848, P81849, P81850"	Not found	Not found	Litoria citropa (Australian blue mountains tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Amphibian defensive peptide.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the dorsal and submental skin glands."	Gram-positive bacterium: Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=100 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.10504394]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10504394	Eur J Biochem. 1999 Oct;265(2):627-637.	"Wegener KL, Wabnitz PA, Carver JA, Bowie JH, Chia BC, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ."	Host defence peptides from the skin glands of the Australian blue mountains tree-frog Litoria citropa. Solution structure of the antibacterial peptide citropin 1.1.
DRAMP01603	GLFDVIKKVASVIGLASP	18	"Citropin 1.1.3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P81838	Not found	Not found	Litoria citropa (Australian blue mountains tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Amphibian defensive peptide.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the dorsal and submental skin glands."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=100 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.10504394]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10504394	Eur J Biochem. 1999 Oct;265(2):627-637.	"Wegener KL, Wabnitz PA, Carver JA, Bowie JH, Chia BC, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ."	Host defence peptides from the skin glands of the Australian blue mountains tree-frog Litoria citropa. Solution structure of the antibacterial peptide citropin 1.1.
DRAMP01606	GLFDIIKKIAESI	13	"Aurein-1.1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82386	Not found	Not found	Litoria raniformis (Southern bell frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: The aurein antibiotics show more activity towards gram-positive than gram-negative pathogens. Probably acts by disturbing membrane functions with its amphipathic structure. Expressed by the skin dorsal glands.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Lactococcus lactis (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=100 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.10951191]No cytotoxicity information found	Cell membrane	10951191	Eur J Biochem. 2000 Sep;267(17):5330-5341.	"Rozek T, Wegener KL, Bowie JH, Olver IN, Carver JA, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ."	The antibiotic and anticancer active aurein peptides from the Australian Bell Frogs Litoria aurea and Litoria raniformis the solution structure of aurein 1.2.
DRAMP01607	GLFDIIKKIAESF	13	"Aurein-1.2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82387	Not found	Not found	Litoria raniformis (Southern bell frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Anti-cancer"	Protein level	Alpha helix (1 helices; 10 residues)	Not found	1VM5 resolved by NMR.	Function: Probably acts by disturbing membrane functions with its amphipathic structure. Aurein 1.2 is HIV active (Wang G et al. 2010 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (54) 1343-1346). Aurein 1.2 is also the smallest amphibian peptide to show both antibiotic and Anti-cancer activity. The aurein antibiotics show more activity towards Gram-positive than Gram-negative pathogens. Expressed by the skin dorsal glands.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=100 μg/ml), Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=12 μg/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=100 μg/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=100 μg/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=50 μg/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=50 μg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=8 μmol/L);##Gram-negative bacteria: Pasteurella multocida (MIC=100 μg/ml), Escherichia coli (MIC=8 μmol/L);##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=32 μmol/L)"	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.10951191]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.15572363]No cytotoxicity information found	Cell membrane	10951191##15572363##15203252	Eur J Biochem. 2000 Sep;267(17):5330-5341.##J Biol Chem. 2005 Feb 18;280(7):5803-5811.##Peptides. 2004 Jun;25(6):1035-1054.	"Rozek T, Wegener KL, Bowie JH, Olver IN, Carver JA, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ.##Wang G, Li Y, Li X.##Apponyi MA, Pukala TL, Brinkworth CS, Maselli VM, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Booker GW, Wallace JC, Carver JA, Separovic F, Doyle J, Llewellyn LE."	"The antibiotic and anticancer active aurein peptides from the Australian Bell Frogs Litoria aurea and Litoria raniformis the solution structure of aurein 1.2.##Correlation of three-dimensional structures with the antibacterial activity of a group of peptides designed based on a nontoxic bacterial membrane anchor.##Host-defence peptides of Australian anurans: structure, mechanism of action and evolutionary significance."
DRAMP01612	GLFDIVKKVVGAFGSL	16	"Aurein-2.5 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"P69018, P69019, P82392"	Not found	Not found	Litoria raniformis (Southern bell frog); also Litoria aurea (Green; also golden bell frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-cancer"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: The aurein antibiotics show more activity towards gram-positive than gram-negative pathogens. Probably acts by disturbing membrane functions with its amphipathic structure. Shows anticancer activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin dorsal glands."	"[Ref.10951191]Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=50 μg/ml), Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=12 μg/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=50 μg/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=100 μg/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=100 μg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=50 μg/ml)"	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.10951191]No cytotoxicity information found	Cell membrane	10951191##15203252	Eur J Biochem. 2000 Sep;267(17):5330-5341.##Peptides. 2004 Jun;25(6):1035-1054.	"Rozek T, Wegener KL, Bowie JH, Olver IN, Carver JA, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ.##Apponyi MA, Pukala TL, Brinkworth CS, Maselli VM, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Booker GW, Wallace JC, Carver JA, Separovic F, Doyle J, Llewellyn LE."	"The antibiotic and anticancer active aurein peptides from the Australian Bell Frogs Litoria aurea and Litoria raniformis the solution structure of aurein 1.2.##Host-defence peptides of Australian anurans: structure, mechanism of action and evolutionary significance."
DRAMP01613	GLFDIAKKVIGVIGSL	16	"Aurein-2.6 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82393	Not found	Not found	Litoria raniformis (Southern bell frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-cancer"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: The aurein antibiotics show more activity towards gram-positive than gram-negative pathogens. Probably acts by disturbing membrane functions with its amphipathic structure. Shows anticancer activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin dorsal glands."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=100 μg/ml), Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=6 μg/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=100 μg/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=25 μg/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=50 μg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=50 μg/ml)"	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.10951191]No cytotoxicity information found	Cell membrane	10951191##15203252	Eur J Biochem. 2000 Sep;267(17):5330-5341.##Peptides. 2004 Jun;25(6):1035-1054.	"Rozek T, Wegener KL, Bowie JH, Olver IN, Carver JA, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ.##Apponyi MA, Pukala TL, Brinkworth CS, Maselli VM, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Booker GW, Wallace JC, Carver JA, Separovic F, Doyle J, Llewellyn LE."	"The antibiotic and anticancer active aurein peptides from the Australian Bell Frogs Litoria aurea and Litoria raniformis the solution structure of aurein 1.2.##Host-defence peptides of Australian anurans: structure, mechanism of action and evolutionary significance."
DRAMP01614	GLFDIVKKIAGHIAGSI	17	"Aurein-3.1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"P69020, P69021, P82394"	Not found	Not found	Litoria raniformis (Southern bell frog); also Litoria aurea (Green; also golden bell frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-cancer"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: The aurein antibiotics show more activity towards gram-positive than gram-negative pathogens. Probably acts by disturbing membrane functions with its amphipathic structure. Shows anticancer activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin dorsal glands."	"[Ref.10951191]Gram-positive bacteria: Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=12 μg/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=100 μg/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=100 μg/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=100 μg/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=100 μg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=50 μg/ml)"	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.10951191]No cytotoxicity information found	Cell membrane	10951191##15203252	Eur J Biochem. 2000 Sep;267(17):5330-5341.##Peptides. 2004 Jun;25(6):1035-1054.	"Rozek T, Wegener KL, Bowie JH, Olver IN, Carver JA, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ.##Apponyi MA, Pukala TL, Brinkworth CS, Maselli VM, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Booker GW, Wallace JC, Carver JA, Separovic F, Doyle J, Llewellyn LE."	"The antibiotic and anticancer active aurein peptides from the Australian Bell Frogs Litoria aurea and Litoria raniformis the solution structure of aurein 1.2.##Host-defence peptides of Australian anurans: structure, mechanism of action and evolutionary significance."
DRAMP01617	GLFDIVKKIAGHIASSI	17	"Aurein-3.2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"P69022, P69023, P82395"	Not found	Not found	Litoria aurea (green; also golden bell frog); also Litoria raniformis (blue-thighed treefrog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-cancer"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: The aurein antibiotics show more activity towards gram-positive than gram-negative pathogens. Probably acts by disturbing membrane functions with its amphipathic structure. Shows anticancer activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin dorsal glands."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=6 μg/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=100 μg/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=100 μg/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=50 μg/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=50 μg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=50 μg/ml)"	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.10951191]No cytotoxicity information found	Cell membrane	10951191##15203252	Eur J Biochem. 2000 Sep;267(17):5330-5341.##Peptides. 2004 Jun;25(6):1035-1054.	"Rozek T, Wegener KL, Bowie JH, Olver IN, Carver JA, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ.##Apponyi MA, Pukala TL, Brinkworth CS, Maselli VM, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Booker GW, Wallace JC, Carver JA, Separovic F, Doyle J, Llewellyn LE."	"The antibiotic and anticancer active aurein peptides from the Australian Bell Frogs Litoria aurea and Litoria raniformis the solution structure of aurein 1.2.##Host-defence peptides of Australian anurans: structure, mechanism of action and evolutionary significance."
DRAMP01618	GLFDIVKKIAGHIVSSI	17	"Aurein-3.3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82396	Not found	Not found	Litoria raniformis (blue-thighed treefrog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Anti-cancer"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: The aurein antibiotics show more activity towards gram-positive than gram-negative pathogens. Probably acts by disturbing membrane functions with its amphipathic structure. Shows anticancer activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin dorsal glands."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=12 μg/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=100 μg/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=50 μg/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=25 μg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=100 μg/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Pasteurella multocida (MIC=100 μg/ml)"	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.10951191]No cytotoxicity information found	Cell membrane	10951191##15203252	Eur J Biochem. 2000 Sep;267(17):5330-5341.##Peptides. 2004 Jun;25(6):1035-1054.	"Rozek T, Wegener KL, Bowie JH, Olver IN, Carver JA, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ.##Apponyi MA, Pukala TL, Brinkworth CS, Maselli VM, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Booker GW, Wallace JC, Carver JA, Separovic F, Doyle J, Llewellyn LE."	"The antibiotic and anticancer active aurein peptides from the Australian Bell Frogs Litoria aurea and Litoria raniformis the solution structure of aurein 1.2.##Host-defence peptides of Australian anurans: structure, mechanism of action and evolutionary significance."
DRAMP01620	GLMSSIGKALGGLIVDVLKPKTPAS	25	"Aurein-5.2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"P69030, P82402, P69031, P82402"	Not found	Not found	Litoria raniformis (blue-thighed treefrog); also Litoria aurea (Green; also golden bell frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-cancer"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: The aurein antibiotics show more activity towards gram-positive than gram-negative pathogens. Probably acts by disturbing membrane functions with its amphipathic structure.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin dorsal glands."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=100 μg/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=50 μg/ml)"	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.10951191]No cytotoxicity information found	Cell membrane	10951191##15203252	Eur J Biochem. 2000 Sep;267(17):5330-5341.##Peptides. 2004 Jun;25(6):1035-1054.	"Rozek T, Wegener KL, Bowie JH, Olver IN, Carver JA, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ.##Apponyi MA, Pukala TL, Brinkworth CS, Maselli VM, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ, Booker GW, Wallace JC, Carver JA, Separovic F, Doyle J, Llewellyn LE."	"The antibiotic and anticancer active aurein peptides from the Australian Bell Frogs Litoria aurea and Litoria raniformis the solution structure of aurein 1.2.##Host-defence peptides of Australian anurans: structure, mechanism of action and evolutionary significance."
DRAMP01621	IIGPVLGMVGSALGGLLKKI	20	"Bombinin-H1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"P82282, P82283"	Belongs to the bombinin family	Not found	Bombina variegata (European frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antimicrobial.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation and D-amino acid."	[Ref.8223491]Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli D21 (MIC=3.8 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (MIC=2.1 ?M).	[Ref:8223491]Not determined hemolytic activity against human red blood cells.	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.8223491]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	8223491	EMBO J. 1993 Dec;12(12):4829-4832.	"Mignogna G, Simmaco M, Kreil G, Barra D."	Antibacterial and haemolytic peptides containing D-alloisoleucine from the skin of Bombina variegata.
DRAMP03722	IFGAIWNGIKSLF	13	Cytotoxic linear peptide IsCT2	Q8MTX2	Belongs to the scorpion NDBP 5 family	Not found	Opisthacanthus madagascariensis (Scorpion)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: IsCT2 showed broad activity spectra against microbes (Gram positive and negative bacteria as well as fungi). Has hemolytic activity.	"[Ref.12054688] Gram-negetive bacteria: P.aeroginosa ATCC 15442 (MIC>150 μM), P.aeroginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=68.3 μM), E.coli CCT 1371 (MIC=3.4 μM), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=6.8 μM), P. mirabilis (MIC>150 μM);## Gram-positive bacteria: S.aureus ATCC 25293 (MIC=0.7 μM), S.aureus ATCC 6538 (MIC=3.4 μM), S.saprophyticus (MIC=0.7 μM), B.thuringensis (MIC=17.1 μM),  B.subtilis CCT 2471 (MIC=6.8μM).##[Ref.28657596] Gram-positive bacterium:Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=50μg/mL), B. cereus (MIC=100μg/mL);##Gram-negative bacterium: S. typhimurium (MIC=100μg/mL), Escherichia coli (MIC=50μg/mL)"	"[Ref.12054688] Showed relatively weak hemolytic activity against sheep red blood cells.##[Ref.28657596] 18% hemolysis at 10 μg/ml, 96% hemolysis at 50 μg/ml against human red blood cells."	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.12054688]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.28657596]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	12054688##28657596	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 May 24;293(5):1514-1522.##Antibiotics (Basel). 2017 Jun 28;6(3). pii: E13.	"Dai L, Corzo G, Naoki H, Andriantsiferana M, Nakajima T.##de la Salud Bea R, Petraglia AF, Ascuitto MR, Buck QM."	"Purification, structure-Function: analysis, and molecular characterization of novel linear peptides from scorpion Opisthacanthus madagascariensis.##Antibacterial Activity and Toxicity of Analogs of Scorpion Venom IsCT Peptides"
DRAMP01626	IIGPVLGLVGSALGGLLKKI	20	"Bombinin-H5 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82285	Belongs to the bombinin family	Not found	Bombina variegata (European frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Alpha helix (1 helices; 16 residues)	Not found	"2AP7, 2AP8 resolved by NMR."	"Function: Has antimicrobial activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation and D-amino acid."	[Ref.8223491]Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli D21 (MIC=5.0 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (MIC=3.0 ?M).	[Ref:8223491]Not found	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	Mixed (2D-aIle(alloisoleucine))	[Ref.8223491]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	8223491##PubMed ID is not available	EMBO J. 1993 Dec;12(12):4829-4832##TO BE PUBLISHED	"Mignogna G, Simmaco M, Kreil G, Barra D.##Zangger K, Jilek A, Khatai L."	Antibacterial and haemolytic peptides containing D-alloisoleucine from the skin of Bombina variegata.##Solution structure and orientation of bombinin H2 and H4 in a membrane-mimetic environment.
DRAMP01627	YPPKPESPGEDASPEEMNKYLTALRHYINLVTRQRY	36	"Skin peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (Skin-PYY; SPYY; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P80952	Belongs to the NPY family	Not found	Phyllomedusa bicolor (Two-colored leaf frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Shows a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeast and fungi.
Tissue specificity: Skin.
PTM: C-terminal amidation (By similarity)."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas caviae (MIC=40 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli (MIC=10 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Enterococcus faecalis (MIC=10 ?g/ml), Nocardia brasiliensis (MIC=20 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC=20 ?g/ml), Candida albicans (MIC=15 ?g/ml), Microsporum canis (MIC=10 ?g/ml), Tricophyton rubrum (MIC=15 ?g/ml), Arthroderma simii (MIC=10 ?g/ml), Aspergillus fumigatus (MIC=80 ?g/ml), Aspergillus niger (MIC>100 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.8601432]<20% cytotoxic against murine macrophages at the concentration up to 100μg/ml##[Ref.7937944]No cytotoxicity information found	Cell membrane	7937944##8601432	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Oct 25;91(22):10295-10299.##FEBS Lett. 1996 Feb 19;380(3):237-240.	"Mor A, Chartrel N, Vaudry H, Nicolas P.##Vouldoukis I, Shai Y, Nicolas P, Mor A."	"Skin peptide tyrosine-tyrosine, a member of the pancreatic polypeptide family: isolation, structure, synthesis, and endocrine activity.##Broad spectrum antibiotic activity of the skin-PYY."
DRAMP01628	GWMSKIASGIGTFLSGMQQ	19	"Phylloxin (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"P81565, Q9PT74"	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Dermaseptin subfamily)	PLX	Phyllomedusa bicolor (Two-colored leaf frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Alpha helix	Not found	None	"Function: Antimicrobial peptide against the Gram-positive bacteria and the Gram-negative-bacteria.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Acholeplasma laidlawii A-PG8 (MIC=12.5 ?M), Spiroplasma melliferum BC3 (MIC=50 ?M), Rhizobium meliloti 102F34 (MIC=12.5 ?M), Escherichia coli K12 (MIC=10 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megaterium KM (MIC=3.12 ?M), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 27853 (MIC=1.56 ?M), Micrococcus luteus ATCC 27853 (MIC=3.0 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.10632707]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10632707	Eur J Biochem. 2000 Jan;267(2):370-378.	"Pierre TN, Seon AA, Amiche M, Nicolas P."	"Phylloxin, a novel peptide antibiotic of the dermaseptin family of antimicrobial/opioid peptide precursors."
DRAMP01638	GLWSKIKEAAKAAGKAALNAVTGLVNQGDQPS	32	"Dermaseptin-L1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Hylomantis lemur (Lemur leaf frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=8 ?M).##Fungi: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (MIC>100 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear 	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.17561225]Displayed cytotoxic against HepG2 cells(LC50=45μM)	Not found	17561225	Toxicon. 2007 Sep 15;50(4):498-506.	"Conlon JM, Woodhams DC, Raza H, Coquet L, Leprince J, Jouenne T, Vaudry H, Rollins-Smith LA."	Peptides with differential cytolytic activity from skin secretions of the lemur leaf frog Hylomantis lemur (Hylidae: Phyllomedusinae).
DRAMP01639	GLWSTIKNVGKEAAIAAGKAALGAL	25	"Dermaseptin-1 (DShypo01, DPh-1; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P84596	Not found	Not found	Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis (Orange-legged leaf frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antiprotozoal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria. Also has antiprotozoal activity against L. amazonensis. No hemolytic activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	"[Ref.16963159]Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus A270 (MIC=6 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (MIC=6 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli SBS 363 (MIC=6 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 14502 (MIC=6.6 ?M)."	[Ref:16844081]Non-hemolytic activity upto 53 μM against human red blood cells;##[Ref.16963159]Non-hemolytic activity at 6 μM against erythrocytes	Linear 	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.16844081]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.16963159]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16844081##16963159	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Sep 1;347(3):739-746.##Peptides. 2006 Dec;27(12):3092-3099.	"Brand GD, Leite JR, de S?? Mandel SM, Mesquita DA, Silva LP, Prates MV, Barbosa EA, Vinecky F, Martins GR, Galasso JH, Kuckelhaus SA, Sampaio RN, Furtado JR Jr, Andrade AC, Bloch C Jr.##Concei?§??o K, Konno K, Richardson M, Antoniazzi MM, Jared C, Daffre S, Camargo AC, Pimenta DC."	Novel dermaseptins from Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis (Amphibia).##Isolation and biochemical characterization of peptides presenting antimicrobial activity from the skin of Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis.
DRAMP01643	GLWSTIKQKGKEAAIAAAKAAGQAALGAL	29	"Dermaseptin-5 (DShypo05, DS 01; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P84600	Not found	Not found	Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis (Orange-legged leaf frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antiprotozoal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria. Also has antiprotozoal activity against L. amazonensis. No hemolytic activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	[Ref.8306981]Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=6.4 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=3.2 ?M).	[Ref:8306981]Non-hemolytic activity against rabbit red blood cells.	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.12379643]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.17442605]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	12379643##17442605	J Biol Chem. 2002 Dec 20;277(51):49332-49340. ##Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2008 Nov;151(3):336-343.	"Brand GD, Leite JR, Silva LP, Albuquerque S, Prates MV, Azevedo RB, Carregaro V, Silva JS, Sá VC, Brand?o RA, Bloch C Jr. ##Leite JRSA, Brand GD, Silva LP, Kückelhaus SAS, Bento WRC, Araújo ALT, Martins GR, Lazzari AM, Bloch C Jr."	"Dermaseptins from Phyllomedusa oreades and Phyllomedusa distincta. Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity without cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. ##Dermaseptins from Phyllomedusa oreades and Phyllomedusa distincta: Secondary structure, antimicrobial activity, and mammalian cell toxicity. "
DRAMP01646	GLWSKIKEVGKEAAKAAAKAAGKAALGAVSEAV	33	"Adenoregulin (Dermaseptin BII; Dermaseptin B2; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"P31107, P80283"	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Dermaseptin subfamily)	ADR	Phyllomedusa bicolor (Two-colored leaf frog) (Rana bicolor)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix	Not found	None	"Fountion: Enhances binding of agonists to adenosine A1 receptors, adenosine A2a receptors, alpha-2 adrenergic receptors and 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptors. Enhances guanyl nucleotide exchange which may result in the conversion of receptors to a high affinity state complexed with guanyl nucleotide free G-protein. Affects human behavior eliciting profound malaise, followed by listlessness and then euphoria. Possesses a potent antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Lack hemolytic activity. Probably acts by disturbing membrane functions with its amphipathic structure.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation at V33 (Amidation in vitro increases antimicrobial activity against some microorganisms such as T. album and S. cerevisia)."	"[Ref.8306981]Fungi: Microsporum canis (IP 1194) (MIC=10 ?g/ml), Tricophyton rubrum (IP 1400-82) (MIC=15 ?g/ml), Arthroderma simii (IP 1063-74) (MIC=30 ?g/ml), Aspergillus fumigatus IP (1025-70) (MIC=125 ?g/ml), Aerornonas caviae (IP 67-16 T) (MIC=60 ?g/ml), Cryptococcus neoformans (IP 960-67) (MIC=15 ?g/ml), Cryptococcus neoformans (IP 962-67) (MIC=15 ?g/ml), Candida albicans (IP 884-65) (MIC=15 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (IP 76-24) (MIC=15 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Nocardia brasiliensis (IP 16-80) (MIC=30 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:8306981]Lack hemolytic activity against rabbit red blood cells	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.8306981]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.1438301]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.7842473]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.8565049]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	8306981##1438301##7842473##8565049	"Eur J Biochem 1994, 219 (1-2):145-154.##Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Nov 15;89(22):10960-10963.##Cell Mol Neurobiol. 1994 Apr;14(2):133-157.##Cell Mol Neurobiol. 1995 Aug;15(4):465-493."	"Mor, A, Nicolas, P.##Daly JW, Caceres J, Moni RW, Gusovsky F, Moos M Jr, Seamon KB, Milton K, Myers CW.##Shin Y, Moni RW, Lueders JE, Daly JW.##Moni RW, Romero FS, Daly JW."	"Isolation and structure of novel defensive peptides from frog skin.##Frog secretions and hunting magic in the upper Amazon: identification of a peptide that interacts with an adenosine receptor.##Effects of the amphiphilic peptides mastoparan and adenoregulin on receptor binding, G proteins, phosphoinositide breakdown, cyclic AMP generation, and calcium influx.##The amphiphilic peptide adenoregulin enhances agonist binding to A1-adenosine receptors and [35S]GTP gamma S to brain membranes."
DRAMP01647	FLSLIPHIVSGVAALAKHLG	20	"DRP-PBN1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Phyllomedusa bicolor	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacterium: S. aureus (MIC=12 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.15222751]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	15222751	Biochemistry. 2004 Jul 6;43(26):8391-8409.	"Vanhoye D, Bruston F, El Amri S, Ladram A, Amiche M, Nicolas P."	"Membrane association, electrostatic sequestration, and cytotoxicity of Gly-Leu-rich peptide orthologs with differing functions."
DRAMP01648	GLVTSLIKGAGKLLGGLFGSVTGGQS	26	"Dermaseptin-like PBN2 (DRP-PBN2; Plasticin-B1a; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	Q800R4	Not found	Not found	Phyllomedusa bicolor (Two-colored leaf frog) (Rana bicolor)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Possesses a potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Probably acts by disturbing membrane functions with its amphipathic structure."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli B (MIC=1.5 ?M), Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=3.1 ?M), Salmonella enteritidis (MIC=1.5 ?M), Enterobacter cloacae (MIC=12.5 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=0.8 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Aerococcus viridans (MIC=3.1 ?M), Bacillus megaterium (MIC=0.8 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=3.1 ?M), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (MIC=0.8 ?M).##Fungi: Saccaromyces cerevisiae (MIC=3.1 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.12709067]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.15222751]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	12709067##15222751	Eur J Biochem. 2003 May;270(9):2068-2081.##Biochemistry. 2004 Jul 6;43(26):8391-8409.	"Vanhoye D, Bruston F, Nicolas P, Amiche M.##Vanhoye D, Bruston F, El Amri S, Ladram A, Amiche M, Nicolas P."	"Antimicrobial peptides from hylid and ranin frogs originated from a 150-million-year-old ancestral precursor with a conserved signal peptide but a hypermutable antimicrobial domain.##Membrane association, electrostatic sequestration, and cytotoxicity of Gly-Leu-rich peptide orthologs with differing functions."
DRAMP01649	AMWKDVLKKIGTVALHAGKAALGAVADTISQ	31	"Dermaseptin-BI (Dermaseptin B1; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P80282	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Dermaseptin subfamily)	Not found	Phyllomedusa bicolor (Two-colored leaf frog) (Rana bicolor)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Possesses a potent antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Probably acts by disturbing membrane functions with its amphipathic structure.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation (Potential)."	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (IP 76-24) (MIC=15 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Nocardia brasiliensis (IP 16-80) (MIC=30 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Tricophyton rubrum (IP 1400-82) (MIC=15 ?g/ml), Microsporum canis (IP 1194) (MIC=10?g/ml), Arthroderma simii (IP 1063-74) (MIC=30 ?g/ml), Cryptococcus neoformans (IP 960-67) (MIC=15 ?g/ml), Cryptococcus neofonnans (IP 962-67) (MIC=15 ?g/ml), Aspergillus fumigatus (IP 1025-70)(MIC=125 ?g/ml), Aerornonas caviae (IP 67-16 T) (MIC=60 ?g/ml), Candida albicans (IP 884-65) (MIC=15 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.8306981]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.8074751]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	8306981##8074751	Eur J Biochem. 1994 Jan 15;219(1-2):145-154.##J Biol Chem. 1994 Jul 8;269(27):17847-17852.	"Mor A, Nicolas P.##Amiche M, Ducancel F, Mor A, Boulain JC, Menez A, Nicolas P."	"Isolation and structure of novel defensive peptides from frog skin.##Precursors of vertebrate peptide antibiotics dermaseptin b and adenoregulin have extensive sequence identities with precursors of opioid peptides dermorphin, dermenkephalin, and deltorphins."
DRAMP01650	ALWKNMLKGIGKLAGQAALGAVKTLVGAE	29	"Dermaseptin-B3 (Dermaseptin BIII; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P81485	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Dermaseptin subfamily)	Not found	Phyllomedusa bicolor (Two-colored leaf frog) (Rana bicolor)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Possesses a potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Probably acts by disturbing membrane functions with its amphipathic structure.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa CIP A22 (MIC=2.3 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=5 ?M), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=2.6 ?M), E. coli 54127 (MIC=2.3 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293 (MIC=1.3 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.9614066]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	9614066	J Biol Chem. 1998 Jun 12;273(24):14690-14697.	"Charpentier S, Amiche M, Mester J, Vouille V, Le Caer JP, Nicolas P, Delfour A."	"Structure, synthesis, and molecular cloning of dermaseptins B, a family of skin peptide antibiotics."
DRAMP01651	ALWKDILKNVGKAAGKAVLNTVTDMVNQ	28	"Dermaseptin-B4 (Dermaseptin BIV; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P81486	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Dermaseptin subfamily)	Not found	Phyllomedusa bicolor (Two-colored leaf frog) (Rana bicolor)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Alpha helix	Not found	None	"Function: Possesses a potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Probably acts by disturbing membrane functions with its amphipathic structure.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293 (MIC=1.3 ?M), S. aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=3.0 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa CIP A22 (MIC=4.6 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=11.6 ?M), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=5.0 ?M), E. coli 54127 (MIC=2.3 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.9614066]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	9614066	J Biol Chem. 1998 Jun 12;273(24):14690-14697.	"Charpentier S, Amiche M, Mester J, Vouille V, Le Caer JP, Nicolas P, Delfour A."	"Structure, synthesis, and molecular cloning of dermaseptins B, a family of skin peptide antibiotics."
DRAMP01668	ALWKTMLKKLGTMALHAGKAALGAAADTISQGTQ	34	"Dermaseptin-1 (DS I; Dermaseptin-S1, DS1; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"P24302, P80277"	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Dermaseptin subfamily)	Not found	Phyllomedusa sauvagei (Sauvage's leaf frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal, Antiprotozoal"	Protein level	Alpha helix (CD)	Not found	None	"Function: Possesses a potent antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Probably acts by disturbing membrane functions with its amphipathic structure. This peptide could also inhibit HIV infection at a concentration that is also toxic to T cells (J Virol 2005; 79:11598-11606).
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	"Fungi: Microsporum canis (IP 1194) (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Tricophyton rubrum (IP 1400-82) (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Arthroderma simii (IP 1063-74) (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Aspergillus fumigatus (IP 1025-70) (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Aerornonas caviae IP (67-16) T (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Cryptococcus neoformans (IP 960-67) (MIC=15 ?g/ml), Cryptococcus neoformans (IP 962-67) (MIC=15 ?g/ml), Candida albicans (IP 884-65) (MIC=60 ?g/ml); ##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (IP 76-24) (MIC=5 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Nocardia brasiliensis (IP 16-80) (MIC=200 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.1909573]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.8306981]No cytotoxicity information found	Cell membrane	1909573##8306981	Biochemistry. 1991 Sep 10;30(36):8824-8830.##Eur J Biochem. 1994 Jan 15;219(1-2):145-154. 	"Mor A, Nguyen VH, Delfour A, Migliore-Samour D, Nicolas P.##Mor A, Nicolas P."	"Isolation, amino acid sequence, and synthesis of dermaseptin, a novel antimicrobial peptide of amphibian skin.##Isolation and structure of novel defensive peptides from frog skin."
DRAMP18386	SPKKTKPVKPKKVA	14	VK25 (histone derived; reptiles; animals)	No entry found	Not found	Not found	"blood plasma, Komodo dragon, Varanus komodoensis"	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"		Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Active against P. eruginosa ATCC9027 (EC50 3.2 uM) and S. aureus ATCC 25923 (EC50 2.5 uM).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.28164707]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	28164707	J Proteome Res. 2017 Apr 7;16(4):1470-1482.	"Bishop BM, Juba ML, Russo PS, Devine M, Barksdale SM, Scott S, Settlage R, Michalak P, Gupta K, Vliet K, Schnur JM, van Hoek ML."	Discovery of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from Varanus komodoensis (Komodo dragon) by Large Scale Analyses and De Novo-Assisted Sequencing using Electron Transfer Dissociation Mass Spectrometry
DRAMP18387	KAAAAKKSPKKPKKPAAAKK	20	VK14 (histone derived;reptiles; animals)	No entry found	Not found	Not found	"blood plasma, Komodo dragon, Varanus komodoensis"	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"		Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Active against P. eruginosa ATCC9027 (EC50 0.6 uM) and S. aureus ATCC 25923 (EC50 1.2 uM).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.28164707]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	28164707	J Proteome Res. 2017 Apr 7;16(4):1470-1482.	"Bishop BM, Juba ML, Russo PS, Devine M, Barksdale SM, Scott S, Settlage R, Michalak P, Gupta K, Vliet K, Schnur JM, van Hoek ML"	Discovery of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from Varanus komodoensis (Komodo dragon) by Large Scale Analyses and De Novo-Assisted Sequencing using Electron Transfer Dissociation Mass Spectrometry
DRAMP18388	AAGGVKKPKKAAAAKKSPKKPKKPAAA	27	VK13 (histone derived; reptiles; animals)	No entry found	Not found	Not found	"blood plasma, Komodo dragon, Varanus komodoensis"	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"		Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Active against P. eruginosa ATCC9027 (EC50 0.9 uM) and S. aureus ATCC 25923 (EC50 1.0 uM).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.28164707]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	28164707	J Proteome Res. 2017 Apr 7;16(4):1470-1482.	"Bishop BM, Juba ML, Russo PS, Devine M, Barksdale SM, Scott S, Settlage R, Michalak P, Gupta K, Vliet K, Schnur JM, van Hoek ML"	Discovery of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from Varanus komodoensis (Komodo dragon) by Large Scale Analyses and De Novo-Assisted Sequencing using Electron Transfer Dissociation Mass Spectrometry
DRAMP18385	KKSCHTGLKKSAGWVIPIGTLVKNGIIVR	29	cOT2 (reptiles; animals)	No entry found	Not found	Not found	"Siamese crocodile, Crocodylus siamensis"	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"		Helix	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Active against E. coli ATCC 25922 (MIC 32 uM), V. cholerae (MIC 8 uM), Gram+ B. megaterium (MIC 8 uM) and B. pumilus TISTR 905 (MIC 16 uM)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.28159460]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	28159460	Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr. 2017 May;1859(5):860-869. 	"Prajanban BO, Jangpromma N, Araki T, Klaynongsruang S"	Antimicrobial effects of novel peptides cOT2 and sOT3 derived from Crocodylus siamensis and Pelodiscus sinensis ovotransferrins
DRAMP01702	GLWSTIKNVGKEAAIAAGKAVLGSL	25	"Dermaseptin-H5 (Dermaseptin-like peptide 5, DMS5; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	Q1EJP4	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Dermaseptin subfamily)	Not found	Phyllomedusa azurea (Orange-legged monkey frog) (Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis azurea)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	MOA: Probably acts by disturbing membrane functions with its amphipathic structure (By similarity).	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coliEscherichia coli ATCC 11775 (MIC=0.5 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12600 (MIC=0.5 ?M), Micrococcus luteus ATCC 49732 (MIC=2.0 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear 	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.17553595]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17553595	Peptides. 2007 Jul;28(7):1331-1343.	"Thompson AH, Bjourson AJ, Orr DF, Shaw C, McClean S."	A combined mass spectrometric and cDNA sequencing approach to the isolation and characterization of novel antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis azurea.
DRAMP01721	HFLGKLVNLAKKIL	14	"[T5k]temporin-DRa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana draytonii 	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Clinical isolates: Propionibacterium acnes strain ATCC 11828 (MIC=6 ?M), P. acnes strain 32548 (MIC=6 ?M), P. acnes strain 33257 (MIC=12.5 ?M), P. acnes strain 50247 (MIC=3 ?M), P. acnes strain 18380 (MIC=12.5 ?M), P. acnes strain 15725 (MIC=6 ?M), P. acnes strain 29903 (MIC=12.5 ?M), P. acnes strain 31766 (MIC=3 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	Mixed (5D-Lys)	[Ref.22374306]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22374306	Peptides. 2012 Apr;34(2):275-282.	"Popovic S, Urbán E, Lukic M, Conlon JM."	Peptides with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities that have therapeutic potential for treatment of acne vulgaris.
DRAMP02230	GFLDIINKLGKTFAGHMLDKIKCTIGTCPPSP	32	"Ranatuerin-3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82780 	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Lithobates catesbeiana (American bullfrog) (Rana catesbeiana)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Alpha helix	Not found	None	Function: Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterium S.aureus. Has no detectable hemolytic activity.	[Ref.9784389] Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=60 ?M).	[Ref.9784389] Have no detectable hemolytic activity at aconcentration of 20?g/ml against human red blood cell.	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bridge between Cys23 and Cys28.	L	[Ref.9784389]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	9784389	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Sep 29;250(3):589-592.	"Goraya J, Knoop FC, Conlon JM."	"Ranatuerins: antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skin of the American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana."
DRAMP02231	FLPFIARLAAKVFPSIICSVTKKC	24	"Ranatuerin-4 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82819 	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Lithobates catesbeiana (American bullfrog) (Rana catesbeiana)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Alpha helix	Not found	None	Function: Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterium S.aureus. Has no detectable hemolytic activity.	[Ref.9784389] Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=55 ?M).	[Ref.9784389] Have no detectable hemolytic activity at aconcentration of 20?g/ml against human red blood cell.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bridge between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	[Ref.9784389]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	9784389	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Sep 29;250(3):589-592.	"Goraya J, Knoop FC, Conlon JM."	"Ranatuerins: antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skin of the American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana."
DRAMP01731	FLPIAGKLLSGLSGLL	16	"Temporin-ALd (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Amolops loloensis	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Temporin-ALd exhibits hemolytic activity against rabbit red blood cells.	"[Ref.19843479]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=1.25 ?g/mL), Bacillus pumilus (MIC=2.5 ?g/mL), Bacillus cereus (MIC=15 ?g/mL);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC25922 (MIC=1.25 ?g/mL), Bacillus dysenteriae (MIC=5 ?g/mL), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (MIC=15 ?g/mL), Psecdomonas aeruginosa (MIC=5 ?g/mL);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=1.25 ?g/mL)."	[Ref:19843479]12% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/mL against rabbit red blood cells	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.19843479]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19843479	Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2010 Jan;155(1):72-76.	"Wang M, Wang Y, Wang A, Song Y, Ma D, Yang H, Ma Y, Lai R."	"Five novel antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of the frog, Amolops loloensis."
DRAMP01732	FFPIVGKLLFGLSGLL	16	"Temporin-ALe (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Amolops loloensis	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Temporin-ALe exhibits hemolytic activity against rabbit red blood cells.	"[Ref.19843479]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=1.25 ?g/mL), Bacillus pumilus (MIC=5 ?g/mL), Bacillus cereus (MIC=15 ?g/mL);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC25922 (MIC=1.25 ?g/mL), Bacillus dysenteriae (MIC=5 ?g/mL), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (MIC=15 ?g/mL), Psecdomonas aeruginosa (MIC=5 ?g/mL);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=1.25 ?g/mL)."	[Ref:19843479]10% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/mL against rabbit red blood cells	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.19843479]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19843479	Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2010 Jan;155(1):72-76.	"Wang M, Wang Y, Wang A, Song Y, Ma D, Yang H, Ma Y, Lai R."	"Five novel antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of the frog, Amolops loloensis."
DRAMP01733	FFPIVGKLLSGLSGLL	16	"Temporin-ALf (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Amolops loloensis	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Temporin-ALf exhibits hemolytic activity against rabbit red blood cells.	"[Ref.19843479]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=2.5 ?g/mL), Bacillus pumilus (MIC=5 ?g/mL), Bacillus cereus (MIC=30 ?g/mL);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC25922 (MIC=2.5 ?g/mL), Bacillus dysenteriae (MIC=5 ?g/mL), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (MIC=30 ?g/mL), Psecdomonas aeruginosa (MIC=5 ?g/mL);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=2.5 ?g/mL)."	[Ref:19843479]7% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/mL against rabbit red blood cells.	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.19843479]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19843479	Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2010 Jan;155(1):72-76.	"Wang M, Wang Y, Wang A, Song Y, Ma D, Yang H, Ma Y, Lai R."	"Five novel antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of the frog, Amolops loloensis."
DRAMP01734	FFPIVGKLLFGLFGLL	16	"Temporin-ALg (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Amolops loloensis	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Temporin-ALg exhibits hemolytic activity against rabbit red blood cells.	"[Ref.19843479]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=2.5 ?g/mL), Bacillus pumilus (MIC=2.5 ?g/mL), Bacillus cereus (MIC=30 ?g/mL);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC25922 (MIC=5 ?g/mL), Bacillus dysenteriae (MIC=10 ?g/mL), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (MIC=30 ?g/mL), Psecdomonas aeruginosa (MIC=7.5 ?g/mL);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=1.25 ?g/mL)."	[Ref:19843479]16% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/mL against rabbit red blood cells.	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.19843479]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19843479	Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2010 Jan;155(1):72-76.	"Wang M, Wang Y, Wang A, Song Y, Ma D, Yang H, Ma Y, Lai R."	"Five novel antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of the frog, Amolops loloensis."
DRAMP01735	FLPIVGKLLSGLSGLS	16	"Temporin-ALh (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Amolops loloensis	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Temporin-ALh exhibits hemolytic activity against rabbit red blood cells.	"[Ref.19843479]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=2.5 ?g/mL), Bacillus pumilus (MIC=7.5 ?g/mL), Bacillus cereus (MIC=75 ?g/mL);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC25922 (MIC=5 ?g/mL), Bacillus dysenteriae (MIC=20 ?g/mL), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (MIC=60 ?g/mL), Psecdomonas aeruginosa (MIC=2.5 ?g/mL);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=2.5 ?g/mL)."	[Ref:19843479]13% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/mL against rabbit red blood cells.	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.19843479]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19843479	Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2010 Jan;155(1):72-76.	"Wang M, Wang Y, Wang A, Song Y, Ma D, Yang H, Ma Y, Lai R."	"Five novel antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of the frog, Amolops loloensis."
DRAMP01736	FFPIVGKLLSGLL	13	"Temporin-ALi (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Amolops loloensis	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Temporin-ALi exhibits hemolytic activity against rabbit red blood cells.	"[Ref.19843479]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=7.5 ?g/mL), Bacillus pumilus (MIC=7.5 ?g/mL), Bacillus cereus (MIC=75 ?g/mL);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC25922 (MIC=7.5 ?g/mL), Bacillus dysenteriae (MIC=20 ?g/mL), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (MIC=60 ?g/mL), Psecdomonas aeruginosa (MIC=5 ?g/mL);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=5 ?g/mL)."	[Ref:19843479]21% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/mL against rabbit red blood cells	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.19843479]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19843479	Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2010 Jan;155(1):72-76.	"Wang M, Wang Y, Wang A, Song Y, Ma D, Yang H, Ma Y, Lai R."	"Five novel antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of the frog, Amolops loloensis."
DRAMP01737	FFPIVGKLLFGLL	13	"Temporin-ALj (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Amolops loloensis	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Temporin-ALg exhibits hemolytic activity against rabbit red blood cells.	"[Ref.19843479]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=7.5 ?g/mL), Bacillus pumilus (MIC=15 ?g/mL), Bacillus cereus (MIC=75 ?g/mL);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC25922 (MIC=15 ?g/mL), Bacillus dysenteriae (MIC=30 ?g/mL), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (MIC=60 ?g/mL), Psecdomonas aeruginosa (MIC=7.5 ?g/mL);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=5 ?g/mL)."	[Ref:19843479]19% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/mL against rabbit red blood cells.	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.19843479]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19843479	Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2010 Jan;155(1):72-76.	"Wang M, Wang Y, Wang A, Song Y, Ma D, Yang H, Ma Y, Lai R."	"Five novel antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of the frog, Amolops loloensis."
DRAMP01738	FFPIVGKLLS	10	"Temporin-ALk (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Amolops loloensis	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Temporin-ALk exhibits hemolytic activity against rabbit red blood cells.	"[Ref.19843479]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=15 ?g/mL);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC25922 (MIC=30 ?g/mL), Bacillus dysenteriae (MIC=60 ?g/mL), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (MIC=75 ?g/mL), Psecdomonas aeruginosa (MIC=25 ?g/mL);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=15 ?g/mL)."	[Ref:19843479]25% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/mL against rabbit red blood cells.	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.19843479]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19843479	Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2010 Jan;155(1):72-76.	"Wang M, Wang Y, Wang A, Song Y, Ma D, Yang H, Ma Y, Lai R."	"Five novel antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of the frog, Amolops loloensis."
DRAMP02229	GLFLDTLKGAAKDVAGKLEGLKCKITGCKLP	31	"Ranatuerin-2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82742 	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Lithobates catesbeiana (American bullfrog) (Rana catesbeiana)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Alpha helix	Not found	None	Function: Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterium S.aureus. Has no detectable hemolytic activity.	[Ref.9784389] Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=60 ?M).	[Ref.9784389] It has no detectable hemolytic activity at aconcentration of 20?g/ml against human red blood cell.	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys23 and Cys28.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	9784389	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Sep 29;250(3):589-592.	"Goraya J, Knoop FC, Conlon JM."	"Ranatuerins: antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skin of the American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana."
DRAMP01750	FLPLVGKILSGLI	13	"Temporin-1PLa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	A7WNV7	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana palustris (pickerel frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria: S. aureus. Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands. PTM: Isoleucine amide at position 13.	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=70 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.11087945]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	11087945	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Nov 30;1543(1):95-105.	"Basir YJ, Knoop FC, Dulka J, Conlon JM."	"Multiple antimicrobial peptides and peptides related to bradykinin and neuromedin N isolated from skin secretions of the pickerel frog, Rana palustris."
DRAMP01751	FLPGLIAGIAKML	13	"Temporin-LT1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Hylarana latouchii 	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Temporin-LT1 shows hemolytic activities against rabbit red blood cells (LD50>100 ?g/ml).	"[Ref.19340924]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=12.5 ?M), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=25 ?M)."	[Ref:19340924]LD50>100 ?g/ml against rabbit red blood cells	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.19340924]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19340924	Biochimie. 2009 Apr;91(4):540-547.	"Wang H, Yan X, Yu H, Hu Y, Yu Z, Zheng H, Chen Z, Zhang Z, Liu J."	"Isolation, characterization and molecular cloning of new antimicrobial peptides belonging to the brevinin-1 and temporin families from the skin of Hylarana latouchii (Anura: Ranidae)."
DRAMP01752	FLPIALKALGSIFPKIL	17	"Temporin-LT2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Hylarana latouchii 	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Temporin-LT2 shows hemolytic activities against rabbit red blood cells (LD50>200 ?g/ml).	"[Ref.19340924]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=12.5 ?M), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=50 ?M)."	[Ref:19340924]LD50>200 ?g/ml against rabbit red blood cells	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.19340924]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19340924	Biochimie. 2009 Apr;91(4):540-547.	"Wang H, Yan X, Yu H, Hu Y, Yu Z, Zheng H, Chen Z, Zhang Z, Liu J."	"Isolation, characterization and molecular cloning of new antimicrobial peptides belonging to the brevinin-1 and temporin families from the skin of Hylarana latouchii (Anura: Ranidae)."
DRAMP01753	FVDLKKIANIINSIFGK	17	"Temporin-1CEa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana chensinensis (Chinese brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Alpha helix 	Not found	None	Function: Temporin-1CEa exhibits the greatest ability to inhibit the growth of MCF-7 cells. Also temporin-1CEa shows hemolytic effect to human erythrocytes and has no significant cytotoxicity to normal HUVSMCs at concentrations showed potent antitumor activity. 	"[Ref.21871946]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=14.4 ?M), Bacillus cereus (MIC=14.4 ?M), Streptococcus lactis (MIC=14.4 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC>100 ?M)."	[Ref:21871946]LD50=99.08 μM against human erythrocytes	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.19341344]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.21871946]No determined cytotoxic against SMCs at the concentration between 20-60 μM.	Not found	21871946##19341344	Biochimie. 2012 Feb;94(2):434-441.##Zoolog Sci. 2009 Mar;26(3):220-226.	"Wang C, Li HB, Li S, Tian LL, Shang DJ.##Shang D, Yu F, Li J, Zheng J, Zhang L, Li Y."	"Antitumor effects and cell selectivity of temporin-1CEa, an antimicrobial peptide from the skin secretions of the Chinese brown frog (Rana chensinensis).##Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding antimicrobial peptide precursors from the skin of the Chinese brown frog, Rana chensinensis."
DRAMP01754	ILPILSLIGGLLGK	14	"Temporin-1CEb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana chensinensis (Chinese brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=41 ?M), Bacillus cereus (MIC=41 ?M), Streptococcus lactis (MIC=41 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC>100 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.19341344]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19341344	Zoolog Sci. 2009 Mar;26(3):220-226.	"Shang D, Yu F, Li J, Zheng J, Zhang L, Li Y."	"Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding antimicrobial peptide precursors from the skin of the Chinese brown frog, Rana chensinensis."
DRAMP01755	FLGALAKIISGIF	13	"Temporin-1TSa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana tsushimensis (Tsushima brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=4 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC>100 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.16413829]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16413829	Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2006 May;143(1):42-49. 	"Conlon JM, Al-Ghaferi N, Abraham B, Sonnevend A, Coquet L, Leprince J, Jouenne T, Vaudry H, Iwamuro S."	Antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the Tsushima brown frog Rana tsushimensis.
DRAMP01759	FLSAITSLLGKLL	13	"Temporin-1SPb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana septentrionalis (mink frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=6 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.15556063]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	15556063	Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2004 Oct;139(1-3):31-38.	"Bevier CR, Sonnevend A, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Nielsen PF, Conlon JM."	Purification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the mink frog (Rana septentrionalis).
DRAMP01764	FLPILGKLLSGIL	13	"Temporin-1TGa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	Q2PGA8	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	tmpTGa	Rana tagoi (Tago frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=15 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC>100 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans.	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.12804591]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.16675060]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	12804591##16675060	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Jun 27;306(2):496-500.##Peptides. 2006 Sep;27(9):2124-2128.	"Conlon JM, Sonnevend A, Patel M, Camasamudram V, Nowotny N, Zilahi E, Iwamuro S, Nielsen PF, P??l T.##Iwamuro S, Nakamura M, Ohnuma A, Conlon JM."	"A melittin-related peptide from the skin of the Japanese frog, Rana tagoi, with antimicrobial and cytolytic properties.##Molecular cloning and sequence analyses of preprotemporin mRNAs containing premature stop codons from extradermal tissues of Rana tagoi."
DRAMP01765	AVDLAKIANKVLSSLF	16	"Temporin-1TGb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	Q2PGA7	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	tmpTGb	Rana tagoi (Tago frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC>150 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=37.5 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.16675060]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16675060	Peptides. 2006 Sep;27(9):2124-2128.	"Iwamuro S, Nakamura M, Ohnuma A, Conlon JM."	Molecular cloning and sequence analyses of preprotemporin mRNAs containing premature stop codons from extradermal tissues of Rana tagoi.
DRAMP01766	FLPVILPVIGKLLSGIL	17	"Temporin-1TGc (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana tagoi (Tago's brown frog); also Rana sakuraii	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=37.5 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC>150 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.16675060]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16675060	Peptides. 2006 Sep;27(9):2124-2128.	"Iwamuro S, Nakamura M, Ohnuma A, Conlon JM."	Molecular cloning and sequence analyses of preprotemporin mRNAs containing premature stop codons from extradermal tissues of Rana tagoi.
DRAMP01768	FLPVILPVIGKLLNGIL	17	"Temporin-1SKa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana sakuraii (stream brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC>50 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=25 ?M).##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC>50 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear 	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.17174009]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17174009	Peptides. 2007 Mar;28(3):505-514.	"Suzuki H, Iwamuro S, Ohnuma A, Coquet L, Leprince J, Jouenne T, Vaudry H, Taylor CK, Abel PW, Conlon JM."	Expression of genes encoding antimicrobial and bradykinin-related peptides in skin of the stream brown frog Rana sakuraii.
DRAMP18384	KKSCHTGLDRSAGWVIPIGTLVKKAILPWDRK	32	sOT2 (reptiles; animals)	No entry found	Not found	Not found	"Chinese softshell turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis"	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"		Helix	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Active against E. coli ATCC 25922 (MIC 28 uM), V. cholerae (MIC 7 uM), Gram+ B. megaterium (MIC 7 uM) and B. pumilus TISTR 905 (MIC 7 uM)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Free	Free	L	[Ref.28159460]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	28159460	Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr. 2017 May;1859(5):860-869. 	"Prajanban BO, Jangpromma N, Araki T, Klaynongsruang S"	Antimicrobial effects of novel peptides cOT2 and sOT2 derived from Crocodylus siamensis and Pelodiscus sinensis ovotransferrins
DRAMP01771	FLPLLASLFSRLL	13	"Temporin-1Oa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana ornativentris (Japanese mountain brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=70 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=2 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear 	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.17147973]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17147973	Peptides. 2007 Mar;28(3):524-532.	"Ohnuma A, Conlon JM, Yamaguchi K, Kawasaki H, Coquet L, Leprince J, Jouenne T, Vaudry H, Iwamuro S."	Antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the Japanese mountain brown frog Rana ornativentris: evidence for polymorphism among preprotemporin mRNAs.
DRAMP01773	FLPLLASLFSRLF	13	"Temporin-1Oc (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana ornativentris (Japanese mountain brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=2 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear 	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.17147973]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17147973	Peptides. 2007 Mar;28(3):524-532.	"Ohnuma A, Conlon JM, Yamaguchi K, Kawasaki H, Coquet L, Leprince J, Jouenne T, Vaudry H, Iwamuro S."	Antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the Japanese mountain brown frog Rana ornativentris: evidence for polymorphism among preprotemporin mRNAs.
DRAMP01775	FLSGIVGMLGKLFGK	15	"Temporin-1Sa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	B3KYH4	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	preproTemp-1Sa	Pelophylax saharicus (Sahara frog) (Rana saharica)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Transcript level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and has hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes."	"[Ref.18584916]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=3 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (MIC=10 ?M), Bacillus megaterium (MIC=2 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=10 ?M), Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 (MIC=10 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=31 ?M);##Fungi: Candida albicans ATCC 90028 (MIC=16 ?M), Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 (MIC=31 ?M), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC=8 ?M)."	[Ref:18584916]LC50=25 μM against human erythrocytes	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.18584916]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18584916	Peptides. 2008 Sep;29(9):1526-1523.	"Abbassi F, Oury B, Blasco T, Sereno D, Bolbach G, Nicolas P, Hani K, Amiche M, Ladram A"	"Isolation, characterization and molecular cloning of new temporins from the skin of the North African ranid Pelophylax saharica."
DRAMP01776	FLPIVTNLLSGLLGK	15	"Temporin-1Sb (Temporin-SHb; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	B3KYH5	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	preproTemp-1Sb	Pelophylax saharicus (Sahara frog) (Rana saharica)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Transcript level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and has strong hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes."	"[Ref.18584916]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=58 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (MIC>116 ?M), Bacillus megaterium (MIC=46 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=231 ?M), Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 (MIC>116 ?M);##Fungi: Aspergillus flavus (MIC=58 ?M)."	[Ref:18584916]LC50>116 μM against human erythrocytes	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.18584916]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18584916	Peptides. 2008 Sep;29(9):1526-1523.	"Abbassi F, Oury B, Blasco T, Sereno D, Bolbach G, Nicolas P, Hani K, Amiche M, Ladram A"	"Isolation, characterization and molecular cloning of new temporins from the skin of the North African ranid Pelophylax saharica."
DRAMP01777	FLSHIAGFLSNLFGK	15	"Temporin-1Sc (Temporin-SHc; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	B3KYH6	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	preproTemp-1Sc	Pelophylax saharicus (Sahara frog) (Rana saharica)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Transcript level	Alpha helix	Not found	None	"Function: Activity against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and has hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes."	"[Ref.18584916]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=10 ?g/ml), Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (MIC>80 ?g/ml), Bacillus megaterium (MIC=4 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=161 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 (MIC>80 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC>161 ?g/ml);##Fungi: Aspergillus flavus (MIC=10 ?g/ml), Candida albicans ATCC 90028 (MIC=20 ?g/ml), Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 (MIC=20 ?g/ml), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC=10 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:18584916]LC50>80 μM against human erythrocytes	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.18584916]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18584916	Peptides. 2008 Sep;29(9):1526-1523.	"Abbassi F, Oury B, Blasco T, Sereno D, Bolbach G, Nicolas P, Hani K, Amiche M, Ladram A"	"Isolation, characterization and molecular cloning of new temporins from the skin of the North African ranid Pelophylax saharica."
DRAMP01779	FFFLSRIFGK	10	"Temporin-SHf (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	D4YWD1	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	preproTemp-SHf	Pelophylax saharicus (Sahara frog) (Rana saharica)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Transcript level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=12.5 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=25-200 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.20308076]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	20308076	J Biol Chem. 2010 May 28;285(22):16880-16892.	"Abbassi F, Lequin O, Piesse C, Goasdoue N, Foulon T, Nicolas P, Ladram A."	"Temporin-SHf, a new type of phe-rich and hydrophobic ultrashort antimicrobial peptide."
DRAMP01780	FLSGIVGMLGKLF	13	"Temporin-SHa (Temporin-1Sa; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Pelophylax saharica (North Africa)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Alpha helix	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=3 ?M), Bacillus megaterium (MIC=2 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=10 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=16 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.31614561]Display cytotoxic against human gastric cells(N87 cell:IC50=1558 ± 324μM)	Not found	31614561	Biomolecules. 2019 Oct 11;9(10):598.	"Olleik H, Baydoun E, Perrier J, Hijazi A, Raymond J, Manzoni M, Dupuis L, Pauleau G, Goudard Y, Villéon B, Goin G, Sockeel P, Choudhary MI, Pasquale ED, Nadeem-Ul-Haque M, Ali H, Khan AI, Shaheen F, Maresca M. "	Temporin-SHa and Its Analogs as Potential Candidates for the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori. 
DRAMP01782	FFPLVLGALGSILPKIF	17	"Temporin-LTa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Hylarana latouchii (broad-folded frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=20 ?g/ml) and Bacillus subtilis (MIC=10 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear 	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.19022312]No cytotoxicity information found	Cell membrance	19022312	Peptides. 2009 Feb;30(2):273-282.	"Wang H, Lu Y, Zhang X, Hu Y, Yu H, Liu J, Sun J."	"The novel antimicrobial peptides from skin of Chinese broad-folded frog, Hylarana latouchii (Anura:Ranidae)."
DRAMP01783	FIITGLVRGLTKLF	14	"Temporin-LTb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	B9UYA1	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Hylarana latouchii (broad-folded frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml) and Bacillus subtilis (MIC=25 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear 	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.19022312]No cytotoxicity information found	Cell membrance	19022312	Peptides. 2009 Feb;30(2):273-282.	"Wang H, Lu Y, Zhang X, Hu Y, Yu H, Liu J, Sun J."	"The novel antimicrobial peptides from skin of Chinese broad-folded frog, Hylarana latouchii (Anura:Ranidae)."
DRAMP01784	SLSRFLSFLKIVYPPAF	17	"Temporin-LTc (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Hylarana latouchii (broad-folded frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antiviral"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: A mutant of the peptide is also HIV inhibitory (Wang G et al. 2010 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54: 1343-1346).	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=50 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Pseudomonas fluorescens (MIC=100 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.19022312]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19022312	Peptides. 2009 Feb;30(2):273-282.	"Wang H, Lu Y, Zhang X, Hu Y, Yu H, Liu J, Sun J."	"The novel antimicrobial peptides from skin of Chinese broad-folded frog, Hylarana latouchii (Anura:Ranidae)."
DRAMP01785	IPPFIKKVLTTVF	13	"Temporin-CPa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Lithobates capito (New World frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: For this series of peptides, there were not enough material for antimicrobial assays. It displayed hemolytic activity (human red blood cells) at LC50=220 uM. "	[Ref.19635516]Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25726 (MIC=25 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=50 ?M);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 90028 (MIC=25 ?M).	[Ref:19635516]LC50=220 μM against human erythrocytes	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.19635516]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19635516	Peptides. 2009 Oct;30(10):1775-1781.	"Conlon JM, Meetani MA, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, King JD."	Antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the New World frogs Lithobates capito and Lithobates warszewitschii (Ranidae).
DRAMP01787	AILTTLANWARKFL	14	"Temporin-HN1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	E7EKD0	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana hainanensis (Hainan odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has hemolytic activity against washed human erythrocytes (IC50=75 ?M).	"[Ref.22450466]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=37.5 ?M), Staphylococcus carnosus KHS (MIC=37.5 ?M), Bacillus licheniformis X39 (MIC=19 ?M), Rhodococcus rhodochrous X15 (MIC=4.8 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Psychrobacter faecalis X29 (MIC=75 ?M);##Fungi: Slime mould 090223 (MIC=19 ?M), Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=75 ?M)."	[Ref:22450466]IC50=75 ?M against washed human erythrocytes	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.22450466]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22450466	Peptides. 2012 Jun;35(2):285-290. 	"Wang H, Yu Z, Hu Y, Li F, Liu L, Zheng H, Meng H, Yang S, Yang X, Liu J."	"Novel antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skin secretions of Hainan odorous frog, Odorrana hainanensis."
DRAMP01788	NILNTIINLAKKIL	14	"Temporin-HN2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	E7EKD4	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana hainanensis (Hainan odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=4.8 ?M), Staphylococcus carnosus KHS (MIC=19 ?M), Bacillus licheniformis X39 (MIC=19 ?M),Rhodococcus rhodochrous X15 (MIC=2.4 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Psychrobacter faecalis X29 (MIC=37.5 ?M).##Fungi: Slime mould 090223 (MIC=9.5 ?M) and Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=9.5 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.22450466]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22450466	Peptides. 2012 Jun;35(2):285-290. 	"Wang H, Yu Z, Hu Y, Li F, Liu L, Zheng H, Meng H, Yang S, Yang X, Liu J."	"Novel antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skin secretions of Hainan odorous frog, Odorrana hainanensis."
DRAMP01789	FLSSIGKILGNLL	13	"Temporin-1Va (Temporin 1Va; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana virgatipes (Ranidae) (Aquarana)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: It also has weak hemolytic activty.	"[Ref.15996769]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus NCTC8325 (MIC=10 ?M), S. aureus (MRSA) T7/20 (MIC=20 ?M), S. epidermidis RP62A (MIC=20 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (MIC=40 ?M), Streptococcus group B HNTCC 80130 (MIC=20 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC25922 (MIC=40 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae KK3 9904 (MIC=80 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=160 ?M), Enterobacter cloacae HNTCC 53001 (MIC=40 ?M);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 90028 (MIC=160 ?M)."	[Ref:15996769]LD50=120 μM against washed human erythrocytes	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.15996769]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	15996769	Regul Pept. 2005 Nov;131(1-3):38-45.	"Conlon JM, Abraham B, Sonnevend A, Jouenne T, Cosette P, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Bevier CR."	"Purification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the carpenter frog Rana virgatipes (Ranidae, Aquarana). "
DRAMP01790	FLSIIAKVLGSLF	13	"Temporin-1Vb (Temporin 1Vb; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana virgatipes (Ranidae) (Aquarana)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: It also has weak hemolytic activty.	"[Ref.15996769]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus NCTC8325 (MIC=5 ?M), S. aureus (MRSA) T7/20 (MIC=10 ?M), S. epidermidis RP62A (MIC=5 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (MIC=20 ?M), Streptococcus group B HNTCC 80130 (MIC=20 ?M)."	[Ref:15996769]LD50=30 μM against washed human erythrocytes	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.15996769]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	15996769	Regul Pept. 2005 Nov;131(1-3):38-45.	"Conlon JM, Abraham B, Sonnevend A, Jouenne T, Cosette P, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Bevier CR."	"Purification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the carpenter frog Rana virgatipes (Ranidae, Aquarana). "
DRAMP01791	FLPLVTMLLGKLF	13	"Temporin-1Vc (Temporin 1Vc; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana virgatipes (Ranidae) (Aquarana)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: It also has weak hemolytic activty.	"[Ref.15996769]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus NCTC8325 (MIC=5 ?M), S. aureus (MRSA) T7/20 (MIC=10 ?M), S. epidermidis RP62A (MIC=10 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (MIC=40 ?M), Streptococcus group B HNTCC 80130 (MIC=40 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae KK3 9904 (MIC=80 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=160 ?M), Enterobacter cloacae HNTCC 53001 (MIC=40 ?M)."	[Ref:15996769]LD50=30 μM against washed human erythrocytes	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.15996769]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	15996769	Regul Pept. 2005 Nov;131(1-3):38-45.	"Conlon JM, Abraham B, Sonnevend A, Jouenne T, Cosette P, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Bevier CR."	"Purification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the carpenter frog Rana virgatipes (Ranidae, Aquarana). "
DRAMP01807	FLPLVLGALSGILPKIL	17	"Temporin-RN1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana nigrovittata	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=4.69 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (MIC=4.7 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.19778602]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19778602	Genomics. 2010 Jan;95(1):66-71. 	"Ma Y, Liu C, Liu X, Wu J, Yang H, Wang Y, Li J, Yu H, Lai R."	"Peptidomics and genomics analysis of novel antimicrobial peptides from the frog, Rana nigrovittata."
DRAMP01808	FFPLLFGALSSHLPKLF	17	"Temporin-RN3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana nigrovittata	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=3.75 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (MIC=3.75 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.19778602]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19778602	Genomics. 2010 Jan;95(1):66-71. 	"Ma Y, Liu C, Liu X, Wu J, Yang H, Wang Y, Li J, Yu H, Lai R."	"Peptidomics and genomics analysis of novel antimicrobial peptides from the frog, Rana nigrovittata."
DRAMP01811	FLKPLFNAALKLLP	14	"Temporin-Ra (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana ridibunda (marsh frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"At 60 ug/ml, the peptide showed about 1.3% hemolysis."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=24.2 ?g/ml), Klebsiella pneumoniae PTCC 1388 (MIC=31.2 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Streptococcus dysgalactiae PTCC 1074 (MIC=33.2 ?g/ml), Streptococcus agalactiae PTCC 1365 (MIC=24.7 ?g/ml) and Staphylococcus aureus PTCC 1431 (MIC=35.2 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.21956830]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21956830	J Pept Sci. 2012 Jan;18(1):10-16.	"Asoodeh A, Zardini HZ, Chamani J."	"Identification and characterization of two novel antimicrobial peptides, temporin-Ra and temporin-Rb, from skin secretions of the marsh frog (Rana ridibunda)."
DRAMP01812	FLPVLAGVLSRA	12	"Temporin-Rb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana ridibunda (marsh frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"At 60 ug/ml, the peptide showed about 1.1% hemolysis. "	"Gram-positive bacteria: Streptococcus dysgalactiae PTCC 1074 (MIC=21.8 ?g/ml), Streptococcus agalactiae PTCC 1365 (MIC=30.5 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus PTCC 1431 (MIC=42.1 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus typhimurium (MIC=31.8 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=34.5 ?g/ml), Klebsiella pneumoniae PTCC 1388 (MIC=35.1 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.21956830]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21956830	J Pept Sci. 2012 Jan;18(1):10-16.	"Asoodeh A, Zardini HZ, Chamani J."	"Identification and characterization of two novel antimicrobial peptides, temporin-Ra and temporin-Rb, from skin secretions of the marsh frog (Rana ridibunda)."
DRAMP01815	FLPLLFGAISHLL	13	"Temporin-GH (AMP-5; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P84858	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana guentheri (Gunther's frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Active against the Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus FDA209P and B. subtilis ATCC 6633, but not active against the Gram-negative bacteria E. coli or the fungus C. albicans.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Leucine amide at position 13."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus FDA209P (MIC=44.3 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 (MIC>64 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear 	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.16979798]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16979798	Peptides. 2006 Dec;27(12):3077-3084	"Zhou J, McClean S, Thompson A, Zhang Y, Shaw C, Rao P, Bjourson AJ."	Purification and characterization of novel antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretion of Hylarana guentheri.
DRAMP01816	FLPIIGKLLSGLL	13	"Temporin-1CSb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana cascadae (Cascades frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=128 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=8 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.17451843]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17451843	Peptides 2007; 28: 1268-1274.	"Conlon JM, Al-Dhaheri A, Al-Mutawa E, Al-Kharrge R, Ahmed E, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Nielsen PF, Davidson C."	Peptide defenses of the Cascades frog Rana cascadae: implications for the evolutionary history of frogs of the Amerana species group.
DRAMP01817	FLPLVTGLLSGLL	13	"Temporin-1CSc (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana cascadae (Cascades frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC>128 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=64 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.17451843]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17451843	Peptides 2007; 28: 1268-1274.	"Conlon JM, Al-Dhaheri A, Al-Mutawa E, Al-Kharrge R, Ahmed E, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Nielsen PF, Davidson C."	Peptide defenses of the Cascades frog Rana cascadae: implications for the evolutionary history of frogs of the Amerana species group.
DRAMP01818	NFLGTLVNLAKKIL	14	"Temporin-1CSd (Temporin-1DRb; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana cascadae (Cascades frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=64 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=16 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.17451843]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17451843	Peptides 2007; 28: 1268-1274.	"Conlon JM, Al-Dhaheri A, Al-Mutawa E, Al-Kharrge R, Ahmed E, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Nielsen PF, Davidson C."	Peptide defenses of the Cascades frog Rana cascadae: implications for the evolutionary history of frogs of the Amerana species group.
DRAMP03510	KWKLFKKIEKVGQNIRDGIIKAGPAVAVVGQATQIAK	37	Cecropin A	P01507	cecropin	Not found	Hyalophora cecropia	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Alpha-helix 	Not found	1D9J	Function: Antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria. Has hemolytic activity.	"[Ref.7140755] Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli D21 (LC=0.19 ?M), Escherichia coli D31 (LC=0.21 ?M), Serratia marcescens Db11 (LC=4.2 ?M), Serratia marcescens Db1108 (LC=2.5 ?M), Serratia marcescens Db1121 (LC=4.4 ?M), Serratia marcescens Strain 122 (LC=3.2 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa OT97 (LC=4.8 ?M), Xenorhabdus nematophilus Xn21 (LC=1.4 ?M).##[Ref.29925795]Gram-negative bacterium:Escherichia coli CVCC 245 (MIC=4.2 ± 0.35μg/mL);##Gram-positive bacteria:Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=198 ± 10.1μg/mL),L. mono. CVCC 1599 (MIC=64.5 ± 3.20μg/mL)"	[Ref.29925795] 50% hemolysis at 169 ± 8.20 μg/ml  against sheep red blood cells.	Linear	Free	Amidation	Free	L	[Ref.29925795]No cytotoxicity information found##[Ref.7140755]No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	7140755##29925795	Eur J Biochem. 1982 Sep;127(1):207-217.##Molecules. 2018 Jun 20;23(6):1491.	"Hultmark D, Engstr?m A, Bennich H, Kapur R, Boman HG.##Wei X, Wu R, Zhang L, Ahmad B, Si D, Zhang R."	"Insect immunity: isolation and structure of cecropin D and four minor antibacterial components from Cecropia pupae.##Expression, Purification, and Characterization of a Novel Hybrid Peptide with Potent Antibacterial Activity"
DRAMP01391	GCSRWIIGIHGQICRD	16	"Odorranain-U1 (OdU1; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	A6MBS4	Not found	Not found	Odorrana grahami (Yunnanfu frog) (Rana grahami)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Transcript level	Not found	Odorranain-U1 adopts 60.2% 	None	Function: Odorranain-U1 exhibites moderate antimicrobial activities against all of the tested microbes.	"[Ref.17272268] Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC>100 μg/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=75.00 μg/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=9.37 μg/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=9.37 μg/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	17272268	Mol Cell Proteomics. 2007 May;6(5):882-894.	"Li J, Xu X, Xu C, Zhou W, Zhang K, Yu H, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Rees HH, Lai R, Yang D, Wu J."	Anti-infection peptidomics of amphibian skin.
DRAMP01832	FLPGLLAGLL	10	"Temporin-Eca (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	C0HJB9	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Skittering frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity. Has no or very limited (<3%) hemolytic activity at concentrations of 15 ?g/ml and 60 ?g/ml, respectively.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	"[Swiss_Prot Entry C0HJB9]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli HP101BA (MIC=12.3 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae PTCC1388 (MIC=9.8 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus PTCC1625 (MIC=8.3 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus PTCC1431 (MIC=10.6 ?M)."	[Ref.Int J Pept Res Ther(2012)18;107.]<3% hemolytic activity at 60 ?g/ml against human red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	PubMed ID is not available	Int. J. Pept. Res. Ther. 2012;18:107-115.	"Asoodeh A, Ghorani-Azam A, Chamani JK."	Identification and characterization of novel antibacterial peptides from skin secretions of Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis.
DRAMP01833	RAGLKFPVGRVHRLLR	16	"Buforin-EC (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	C0HJB7	Belongs to the histone H2A family	Not found	Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Skittering frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity. Has no or very limited (<3%) hemolytic activity at concentrations of 15 ?g/ml and 60 ?g/ml, respectively.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	"[Swiss_Prot Entry C0HJB7]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli HP101BA (MIC=9.6 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae PTCC1388 (MIC=10.6 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus PTCC1625 (MIC=6.0 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus PTCC1431 (MIC=8.1 ?M)."	[Ref.Int J Pept Res Ther(2012)18;107.]<3% hemolytic activity at 60 ?g/ml against human red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	PubMed ID is not available	Int. J. Pept. Res. Ther. 2012;18:107-115.	"Asoodeh A, Ghorani-Azam A, Chamani JK."	Identification and characterization of novel antibacterial peptides from skin secretions of Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis.
DRAMP01834	FLNALKNFAKTAGKRLKSLLN	21	"Cyanophlyctin (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	C0HJB8	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Skittering frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity. Has no or very limited (<3%) hemolytic activity at concentrations of 15 ?g/ml and 60 ?g/ml.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	"[Swiss_Prot Entry C0HJB8]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli HP101BA (MIC=6.4 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae PTCC1388 (MIC=7.3 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus PTCC1625 (MIC=4.7 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus PTCC1431 (MIC=5.3 ?M)."	[Ref.Int J Pept Res Ther(2012)18;107.]<3% hemolytic activity at 60 ?g/ml against human red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	PubMed ID is not available	Int. J. Pept. Res. Ther. 2012;18:107-115.	"oodeh A, Ghorani-Azam A, Chamani JK."	Identification and characterization of novel antibacterial peptides from skin secretions of Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis.
DRAMP01840	GFRDVLKGAAKAFVKTVAGHIAN	23	"Ascaphin-1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P0CJ25	Belongs to the ascaphin family	Not found	Ascaphus truei (Coastal tailed frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Antimicrobial peptide that shows higher potency against Gram-negative bacteria than against Gram-positive bacteria. Has a very weak hemolytic activity. Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands. PTM: Asparagine amide at position 23.	[Ref.15207717]Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=6 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC>50 ?M).	[Ref.15207717]HC50>200 μM against human erythrocytes	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15207717	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Jul 16;320(1):170-175.	"Conlon JM, Sonnevend A, Davidson C, Smith DD, Nielsen PF."	"The ascaphins: a family of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the most primitive extant frog, Ascaphus truei."
DRAMP01842	GFRDVLKGAAKAFVKTVAGHIANI	24	"Ascaphin-3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P0CJ27	Belongs to the ascaphin family	Not found	Ascaphus truei (Coastal tailed frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Antimicrobial peptide that shows higher potency against Gram-negative bacteria than against Gram-positive bacteria. Has a very weak hemolytic activity. Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.	[Ref.15207717]Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=6 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC>50 ?M).	[Ref.15207717]HC50>200 μM against human erythrocytes	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15207717	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Jul 16;320(1):170-175.	"Conlon JM, Sonnevend A, Davidson C, Smith DD, Nielsen PF."	"The ascaphins: a family of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the most primitive extant frog, Ascaphus truei."
DRAMP01844	GIKDWIKGAAKKLIKTVASNIANQ	24	"Ascaphin-5 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P0CJ29	Belongs to the ascaphin family	Not found	Ascaphus truei (Coastal tailed frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Antimicrobial peptide that shows higher potency against Gram-negative bacteria than against Gram-positive bacteria. Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.	"[Ref.15207717]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=6 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=13 ?M), Enterobacter cloacae (MIC=6 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=13 ?M), Proteus mirabilis (MIC>100 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=50 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=13 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC>100 ?M), Streptococcus Group B (MIC=6 ?M);##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=100 ?M)."	[Ref.15207717]Not found	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15207717	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Jul 16;320(1):170-175.	"Conlon JM, Sonnevend A, Davidson C, Smith DD, Nielsen PF."	"The ascaphins: a family of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the most primitive extant frog, Ascaphus truei."
DRAMP01846	GFKDWIKGAAKKLIKTVASSIANQ	24	"Ascaphin-7 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P0CJ31	Belongs to the ascaphin family	Not found	Ascaphus truei (Coastal tailed frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Antimicrobial peptide that shows higher potency against Gram-negative bacteria than against Gram-positive bacteria. Has a very weak hemolytic activity. Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.	[Ref.15207717]Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=3 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=25 ?M).	[Ref.15207717]HC50>200 μM against human erythrocytes	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15207717	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Jul 16;320(1):170-175.	"Conlon JM, Sonnevend A, Davidson C, Smith DD, Nielsen PF."	"The ascaphins: a family of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the most primitive extant frog, Ascaphus truei."
DRAMP01847	GFKDLLKGAAKALVKTVLF	19	"Ascaphin-8 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P0CJ32	Belongs to the ascaphin family	Not found	Ascaphus truei (Coastal tailed frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antiviral"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Antimicrobial peptide that shows similar potency against Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria. Has hemolytic activity. Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands. PTM: Phenylalanine amide at position 19.	[Ref.15207717]Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=6 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=6 ?M).	[Ref.15207717]HC50=50 μM against human erythrocytes	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane	15207717	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Jul 16;320(1):170-175.	"Conlon JM, Sonnevend A, Davidson C, Smith DD, Nielsen PF."	"The ascaphins: a family of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the most primitive extant frog, Ascaphus truei."
DRAMP01849	DSMGAVKLAKLLIDKMKCEVTKAC	24	"Jindongenin-1a (JD1a; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	G3ETQ2	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Amolops jingdongensis (Chinese torrent frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Displays broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Also displays antifungal activity against C. albicans ATCC 2002. Has hemolytic activity, low cytotoxicity and low antioxidant activity."	"[Ref.21816202]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 (MIC=17 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis ATCC29212 (MIC=60 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (IS 10#)(MIC=40 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC25922 (MIC=10 ?M), Enterobacter cloacae ATCC13047 (MIC=40 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC700603 (MIC=15 ?M), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 (MIC=17 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 (MIC=23 ?M), Bacillus dysenteriae (MIC=40 ?M);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=60 ?M)."	[Ref.21816202] IC50=150 μM against washed human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	[Ref.21816202] Cytotoxicity: the K562 (IC50=46μM)and HT29 mammalian cell lines(IC50=40μM).	Not found	21816202	Biochimie. 2012 Feb;94(2):328-334.	"Chen Z, Yang X, Liu Z, Zeng L, Lee W, Zhang Y."	"Two novel families of antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of the Chinese torrent frog, Amolops jingdongensis."
DRAMP01869	FFPIIAGMAAKLIPSLFCKITKKC	24	"Brevinin-1SPa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana septentrionalis (mink frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has inhibitory activity towards reference strains of bacteria and an opportunistic yeast pathogen. Also has hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes.	[Ref.15556063]Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=13 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=6 ?M);##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=7 ?M).	[Ref.15556063]HC50=7 ?M against human erythrocytes	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15556063	Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2004 Oct;139(1-3):31-38.	"Bevier CR, Sonnevend A, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Nielsen PF, Conlon JM."	Purification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the mink frog (Rana septentrionalis).
DRAMP01870	FLPIIAGMAAKVICAITKKC	20	"Brevinin-1SPb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana septentrionalis (mink frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has inhibitory activity towards reference strains of bacteria and an opportunistic yeast pathogen. Also has hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes (HC50=6 ?M).	[Ref.15556063]Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=50 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=13 ?M);##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=25 ?M).	[Ref.15556063]HC50=25 ?M against human erythrocytes	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15556063	Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2004 Oct;139(1-3):31-38.	"Bevier CR, Sonnevend A, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Nielsen PF, Conlon JM."	Purification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the mink frog (Rana septentrionalis).
DRAMP01872	FFPIIAGMAAKVICAITKKC	20	"Brevinin-1SPd (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana septentrionalis (mink frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has inhibitory activity towards reference strains of bacteria and an opportunistic yeast pathogen. Also has hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes.	[Ref.15556063]Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=13 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=3 ?M);##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=8 ?M).	[Ref.15556063]HC50=8 ?M against human erythrocytes	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15556063	Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2004 Oct;139(1-3):31-38.	"Bevier CR, Sonnevend A, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Nielsen PF, Conlon JM."	Purification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the mink frog (Rana septentrionalis).
DRAMP01873	GIWDTIKSMGKVFAGKILQNL	21	"Brevinin-2-related peptide (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana septentrionalis (mink frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has inhibitory activity towards reference strains of bacteria and an opportunistic yeast pathogen. Also has hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes.
Sequence similarity: This peptide shows limited structural similarity with the N-terminal region of brevinin-2 peptides previously isolated from R. temporaria skin but lacks the C-terminal cyclic heptapeptide domain associated with this family.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	[Ref.15556063]Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=13 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=25 ?M);##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=70 ?M).	[Ref.15556063]HC50=70 ?M against human erythrocytes	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15556063	Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2004 Oct;139(1-3):31-38.	"Bevier CR, Sonnevend A, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Nielsen PF, Conlon JM."	Purification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the mink frog (Rana septentrionalis).
DRAMP04213	KKLFKKILKYL	11	BP100	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Synthetic construct	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Synthetic	Alpha helix	The peptide adopted with positively charged residues on one face and the hydrophobic residues on the opposite face of the helix	None	Function: Antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.  Has hemolytic activity.	[Ref.29750913] Gram-negative bacteria:Escherichia coli(ATCC 25922)(MIC=2 μM);##Gram-positive bacteria:Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923)(MIC=2μM);Bacillus subtilis(PY79)(MIC=2μM)	[Ref.29750913] 10% hemolysis at 64μM against human red blood cell	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	29750913	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2018 Aug;1860(8):1502-1516. 	"Carretero GPB, Saraiva GKV, Cauz ACG, Rodrigues MA, Kiyota S, Riske KA, Dos Santos AA, Pinatto-Botelho MF, Bemquerer MP, Gueiros-Filho FJ, Chaimovich H, Schreier S, Cuccovia IM."	"Synthesis, biophysical and functional studies of two BP100 analogues modified by a hydrophobic chain and a cyclic peptide."
DRAMP03571	LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES	37	LL-37	"P49913,Q71SN9"	Belongs to the cathelicidin family	CAMP	Human lysosomes of polymorphonuclear leukocytes	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Anti-cancer"	Protein level	Alpha helix	The peptide adopted 1 helices and 30 residues and a curved amphipathic helix-bend-helix motif spanning residues 2-31 followed by a disordered C-terminal tail. The helical bend is located between residues Gly-14 and Glu-16.	2K6O resolved by NMR	Function:Antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Has hemolytic activity.	[Ref.29859288] Gram-negative bacteria:Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922)(MIC=25?±?0 μg/ml);ESBL-producing Escherichia coli(MIC=33.3?±?14.4μg/ml);NDM-1 producing Acinetobacter baumannii(MIC=20.8?±?7.2 μg/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria:Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923)(MIC=133.3?±?57.7μg/ml);##Fungi:Candida albicans (ATCC 90028)(MIC>400μg/ml)	[Ref.29859288] 2.9?±?0.7% Hemolysis  at 500μg/ml against human red blood cell	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	29859288	Gene. 2018 May 30. pii: S0378-1119(18)30617-6.	"Wanmakok M, Orrapin S, Intorasoot A, Intorasoot S."	Expression in Escherichia coli of novel recombinant hybrid antimicrobial peptide AL32-P113 with enhanced antimicrobial activity in vitro.
DRAMP01748	FFPIVGKRLYGLL	13	"Temporin-AJ8 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	K7Z903 	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Amolops jingdongensis (torrent frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Transcript level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Shows antimicrobial abilities against microorganisms including Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and fungi. Has hemolytic activity."	"[Ref.22828809] Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922(MIC=70 μg/ml), B. dysenteriae(MIC=18.75 μg/ml) ;## Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2592(MIC=4.7 μg/ml), Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633(MIC=9.38 μg/ml);## Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002(MIC=37.5 μg/ml)."	"[Ref.22828809] 1.79% hemolysis at 25μg/ml, 5.22% hemolysis at 50μg/ml, 7.92% hemolysis at 100μg/ml, 10.85% hemolysis at 200μg/ml against rabbit red blood cells"	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	22828809	Amino Acids. 2012 Jul 25.	"He X, Yang S, Wei L, Liu R, Lai R, Rong M."	"Antimicrobial peptide diversity in the skin of the torrent frog, Amolops jingdongensis."
DRAMP01879	GAFGDLLKGVAKEAGMKLLNMAQCKLSGKC	30	"Brevinin-2LTa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Hylarana latouchii (Broad-folded frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=2 ?M), Bacillus licheniformis X39 (MIC=8 ?M), Staphylococcus carnosus KHS (MIC=2 ?M), Rhodococcus rhodochrous X15 (MIC=0.5 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC25922 (MIC=32.5 ?M), Serratia rubidaea X01 (MIC=130 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1.50 (MIC=65 ?M), Psychrobacter faecalis X29 (MIC=0.5 ?M)."	[Ref.22426384] LD50=520 μM against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys24 and Cys30)	Disulfide bond between Cys24 and Cys30.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22426384	Biochimie. 2012 Jun;94(6):1317-1326.	"Wang H, Yu Z, Hu Y, Yu H, Ran R, Xia J, Wang D, Yang S, Yang X, Liu J."	"Molecular cloning and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from skin of the broad-folded frog, Hylarana latouchii."
DRAMP01880	SILDKIKNVALGVARGAGTGILKALLCKLDKSC	33	"Brevinin-2LTb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Hylarana latouchii (Broad-folded frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=3.8 ?M), Bacillus licheniformis X39 (MIC=3.8 ?M), Staphylococcus carnosus KHS (MIC=1.9 ?M), Rhodococcus rhodochrous X15 (MIC=1.9 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC25922 (MIC=30 ?M), Serratia rubidaea X01 (MIC=60 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1.50 (MIC=30 ?M), Psychrobacter faecalis X29 (MIC=1.9 ?M)."	[Ref.22426384] LD50=480 μM against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22426384	Biochimie. 2012 Jun;94(6):1317-1326.	"Wang H, Yu Z, Hu Y, Yu H, Ran R, Xia J, Wang D, Yang S, Yang X, Liu J."	"Molecular cloning and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from skin of the broad-folded frog, Hylarana latouchii."
DRAMP01881	GVLDTFKDVAIGVAKGAGTGVLKALLCKLDKSC	33	"Brevinin-2LTc (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Hylarana latouchii (Broad-folded frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=60 ?M), Rhodococcus rhodochrous X15 (MIC=30 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Psychrobacter faecalis X29 (MIC=15 ?M)."	[Ref.22426384] LD50>480 μM against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22426384	Biochimie. 2012 Jun;94(6):1317-1326.	"Wang H, Yu Z, Hu Y, Yu H, Ran R, Xia J, Wang D, Yang S, Yang X, Liu J."	"Molecular cloning and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from skin of the broad-folded frog, Hylarana latouchii."
DRAMP01885	FFGPLIKIATGVLPNLICKALGKC	24	"Brevinin-1TEa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Hylarana temporalis (Indian bronzed frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Showes higher antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative than against Gram-positive bacteria.	"Gram-negative bacteria: E. coli (NCLM 2064) (MIC=30 ?g/ml), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) (MIC=150 ?g/ml), V. cholerae (PL 91) (MIC=150 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: B. cereus (NCLM 2156) (MIC=100 ?g/ml), S. aureus (ATCC25923) (MIC>150 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	21412958	J Pept Sci. 2011 May;17(5):342-347.	"Reshmy V, Preeji V, Parvin A, Santhoshkumar K, George S."	Three novel antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the Indian bronzed frog Hylarana temporalis (Anura: Ranidae).
DRAMP01886	GIGSMLLGLAKNVGMSLLNKAQCKISGKC	29	"Brevinin-2TEa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Hylarana temporalis (Indian bronzed frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Showes higher antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative than against Gram-positive bacteria.	"Gram-negative bacteria: E. coli (NCLM 2064) (MIC=40 ?g/ml), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) (MIC=100 ?g/ml), V. cholerae (PL 91) (MIC=150 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: B. cereus (NCLM 2156) (MIC>150 ?g/ml), S. aureus (ATCC25923) (MIC>150 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	21412958	J Pept Sci. 2011 May;17(5):342-347.	"Reshmy V, Preeji V, Parvin A, Santhoshkumar K, George S."	Three novel antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the Indian bronzed frog Hylarana temporalis (Anura: Ranidae).
DRAMP01887	GFMGDTLKGIARNAALALMNAAQCKLSGKC	30	"Brevinin-2TEb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Hylarana temporalis (Indian bronzed frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Showes higher antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative than against Gram-positive bacteria.	"Gram-negative bacteria: E. coli (NCLM 2064) (MIC=20 ?g/ml), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) (MIC=40 ?g/ml), V. cholerae (PL 91) (MIC=60 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: B. cereus (NCLM 2156) (MIC=150 ?g/ml), S. aureus (ATCC25923) (MIC=40 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	21412958	J Pept Sci. 2011 May;17(5):342-347.	"Reshmy V, Preeji V, Parvin A, Santhoshkumar K, George S."	Three novel antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the Indian bronzed frog Hylarana temporalis (Anura: Ranidae).
DRAMP01888	FFPTIAGLTKLFCAITKKC	19	"Brevinin-1CHc (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana chiricahuensis	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacterium: E. coli (MIC=80 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: S. aureus (MIC=20 ?M).##Yeast: C. albicans (MIC=20 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys13 and Cys19)	Disulfide bond between Cys13 and Cys19.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21262304	Peptides. 2011 Apr;32(4):664-669.	"Conlon JM, Mechkarska M, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, King JD."	Characterization of antimicrobial peptides in skin secretions from discrete populations of Lithobates chiricahuensis (Ranidae) from central and southern Arizona.
DRAMP01889	GIGSILGVIAKGLPTLISWIKNR	23	"Brevinin-1TOa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana tagoi okiensis	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacterium: E. coli (MIC=20 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: S. aureus (MIC=5 ?M).##Yeast: C. albicans (MIC=20 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	19799928	Toxicon. 2010 Feb-Mar;55(2-3):430-435.	"Conlon JM, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Iwamuro S."	Evidence from the primary structures of dermal antimicrobial peptides that Rana tagoi okiensis and Rana tagoi tagoi (Ranidae) are not conspecific subspecies.
DRAMP01890	FLGAIAGVAAKFLPKVFCFITKKC	24	"Brevinin-1VLa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana vaillanti (Central American frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Brevinin-1VLa showes particularly high growth-inhibitory potency (MIC < or =3 microM) against a Gram-positive microorganism Staphylococcus aureus and the opportunistic yeast pathogen Candida albicans and potent cytolytic activity (LC(50)< or =8 microM) against both human erythrocytes and HepG2 hepatoma-derived cells. The peptide ia also active against a Gram-negative microorganism Escherichia coli (MIC< or =50 microM).	Gram-negative bacterium: E. coli (MIC=25 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: S. aureus (MIC=3 ?M).##Yeast: C. albicans (MIC=3 ?M).	[Ref.19379837] LC50=8 mM against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	[Ref.19379837] LC50=4mM against HepG2 hepatoma-derived cells	Not found	19379837	Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2009 Aug;150(2):150-154.	"Conlon JM, Raza H, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Leprince J, Vaudry H, King JD."	"Purification of peptides with differential cytolytic activities from the skin secretions of the Central American frog, Lithobates vaillanti (Ranidae)."
DRAMP01891	FLPVIASVAAKVLPKVFCFITKKC	24	"Brevinin-1VLc (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana vaillanti (Central American frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Brevinin-1VLc showes particularly high growth-inhibitory potency (MIC < or =3 microM) against a Gram-positive microorganism Staphylococcus aureus and the opportunistic yeast pathogen Candida albicans and potent cytolytic activity (LC(50)< or =8 microM) against both human erythrocytes and HepG2 hepatoma-derived cells. The peptide ia also active against a Gram-negative microorganism Escherichia coli (MIC< or =50 microM).	Gram-negative bacterium: E. coli (MIC=50 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: S. aureus (MIC=1.5 ?M).##Yeast: C. albicans (MIC=3 ?M).	[Ref.19379837] LC50=7 mM against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	[Ref.19379837] LC50=4mM against HepG2 hepatoma-derived cells	Not found	19379837	Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2009 Aug;150(2):150-154.	"Conlon JM, Raza H, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Leprince J, Vaudry H, King JD."	"Purification of peptides with differential cytolytic activities from the skin secretions of the Central American frog, Lithobates vaillanti (Ranidae)."
DRAMP01892	FLPLIAGVAANFLPKIFCLISKKC	24	"Brevinin-1VLd (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana vaillanti (Central American frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Inhibits the growth of reference strains of S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans and to lyse human erythrocytes from a healthy donor and HepG2 human hepatoma-derived cells"	Gram-negative bacterium: E. coli (MIC>100 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: S. aureus (MIC=3 ?M).##Yeast: C. albicans (MIC=3 ?M).	[Ref.19379837] LC50=5 mM against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	[Ref.19379837] LC50=6mM against HepG2 hepatoma-derived cells	Not found	19379837	Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2009 Aug;150(2):150-154.	"Conlon JM, Raza H, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Leprince J, Vaudry H, King JD."	"Purification of peptides with differential cytolytic activities from the skin secretions of the Central American frog, Lithobates vaillanti (Ranidae)."
DRAMP01893	FLPLIAGVAASILPKIFCFITKKC	24	"Brevinin-1VLe (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana vaillanti (Central American frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Inhibits the growth of reference strains of S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans and to lyse human erythrocytes from a healthy donor and HepG2 human hepatoma-derived cells"	Gram-negative bacterium: E. coli (MIC>100 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: S. aureus (MIC=3 ?M).##Yeast: C. albicans (MIC=3 ?M).	[Ref.19379837] LC50=5 mM against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	[Ref.19379837] LC50=7mM against HepG2 hepatoma-derived cells	Not found	19379837	Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2009 Aug;150(2):150-154.	"Conlon JM, Raza H, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Leprince J, Vaudry H, King JD."	"Purification of peptides with differential cytolytic activities from the skin secretions of the Central American frog, Lithobates vaillanti (Ranidae)."
DRAMP01896	FLSTALKVAANVVPTLFCKITKKC	24	"Brevinin-1CG1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Amolops chunganensis (Chungan torrent frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Rhodococcus rhodochrous X15 (MIC=9 ?M), Bacillus licheniformis X39 (IS) (MIC=75 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) (MIC=150 ?M).##Fungi: Slime mold 090223 (IS) (MIC=75 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	22951323	Peptides. 2012 Nov;38(1):41-53.	"Yang X, Xia J, Yu Z, Hu Y, Li F, Meng H, Yang S, Liu J, Wang H."	Characterization of diverse antimicrobial peptides in skin secretions of Chungan torrent frog Amolops chunganensis.
DRAMP01897	FLPIVAGLAANFLPKIVCKITKKC	24	"Brevinin-1CG2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Amolops chunganensis (Chungan torrent frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Rhodococcus rhodochrous X15 (MIC=9 ?M), Bacillus licheniformis X39 (IS) (MIC=75 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis 981 (MIC=19 ?M), Staphylococcus carnosus KHS (IS) (MIC=9 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) (MIC=9 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) (MIC=150 ?M), Psychrobacter faecalis X29 (IS) (MIC=19 ?M), Serratia rubidaea X01 (IS) (MIC=19 ?M).##Fungi: Slime mold 090223 (IS) (MIC=4.5 ?M), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) (MIC=150 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	22951323	Peptides. 2012 Nov;38(1):41-53.	"Yang X, Xia J, Yu Z, Hu Y, Li F, Meng H, Yang S, Liu J, Wang H."	Characterization of diverse antimicrobial peptides in skin secretions of Chungan torrent frog Amolops chunganensis.
DRAMP01898	FLSTLLNVASNVVPTLICKITKKC	24	"Brevinin-1CG3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Amolops chunganensis (Chungan torrent frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Primarily active against Gram-positive bacteria. Also highly active against Gram-negative P. faecalis X29 and S. rubidaea.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Rhodococcus rhodochrous X15 (MIC=2.3 ?M), Bacillus licheniformis X39 (IS) (MIC=9 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis 981 (MIC=75 ?M), Staphylococcus carnosus KHS (IS) (MIC=19 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) (MIC=19 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) (MIC=150 ?M), Psychrobacter faecalis X29 (IS) (MIC=4.5 ?M), Serratia rubidaea X01 (IS) (MIC=9 ?M).##Fungi: Slime mold 090223 (IS) (MIC=9 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	22951323	Peptides. 2012 Nov;38(1):41-53.	"Yang X, Xia J, Yu Z, Hu Y, Li F, Meng H, Yang S, Liu J, Wang H."	Characterization of diverse antimicrobial peptides in skin secretions of Chungan torrent frog Amolops chunganensis.
DRAMP01899	FLSTLLNVASKVVPTLFCKITKKC	24	"Brevinin-1CG4 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Amolops chunganensis (Chungan torrent frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Rhodococcus rhodochrous X15 (MIC=2.3 ?M), Bacillus licheniformis X39 (IS) (MIC=9 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis 981 (MIC=9 ?M), Staphylococcus carnosus KHS (IS) (MIC=9 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) (MIC=9 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) (MIC=150 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 11053 (IS) (MIC=75 ?M), Psychrobacter faecalis X29 (IS) (MIC=9 ?M), Serratia rubidaea X01 (IS) (MIC=9 ?M).##Fungi: Slime mold 090223 (IS) (MIC=9 ?M), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) (MIC=150 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	22951323	Peptides. 2012 Nov;38(1):41-53.	"Yang X, Xia J, Yu Z, Hu Y, Li F, Meng H, Yang S, Liu J, Wang H."	Characterization of diverse antimicrobial peptides in skin secretions of Chungan torrent frog Amolops chunganensis.
DRAMP01900	FLPMLAGLAANFLPKIVCKITKKC	24	"Brevinin-1CG5 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Amolops chunganensis (Chungan torrent frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Primarily active against Gram-positive bacteria, escecially R. rhodochrous. Also highly active against Gram-negative P. faecalis X29 and S. rubidaea."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Rhodococcus rhodochrous X15 (MIC=0.6 ?M), Bacillus licheniformis X39 (IS) (MIC=2.3 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis 981 (MIC=9 ?M), Staphylococcus carnosus KHS (IS) (MIC=1.2 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) (MIC=9 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) (MIC=75 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CGMCC 1.50) (MIC=75 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 11053 (IS) (MIC=75 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae 08040724 (IS) (MIC=150 ?M), Psychrobacter faecalis X29 (IS) (MIC=9 ?M), Serratia rubidaea X01 (IS) (MIC=4.6 ?M).##Fungi: Slime mold 090223 (IS) (MIC=4.5 ?M), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) (MIC=437.5 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	22951323	Peptides. 2012 Nov;38(1):41-53.	"Yang X, Xia J, Yu Z, Hu Y, Li F, Meng H, Yang S, Liu J, Wang H."	Characterization of diverse antimicrobial peptides in skin secretions of Chungan torrent frog Amolops chunganensis.
DRAMP01909	GFSSLFKAGAKYLLKSVGKAGAQQLACKAANNCA	34	"Brevinin-2GHa (AMP-1; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P84860	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana guentheri (Gunther's frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antimicrobial peptide.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Problely contains one disulfide bond 27-33. "	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus FDA209P (MIC=14.9 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 (MIC>64 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16979798	Peptides. 2006 Dec;27(12):3077-3084.	"Zhou J, McClean S, Thompson A, Zhang Y, Shaw C, Rao P, Bjourson AJ."	Purification and characterization of novel antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretion of Hylarana guentheri.
DRAMP01910	GVITDALKGAAKTVAAELLRKAHCKLTNSC	30	"Brevinin-2GHb (AMP-2; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	A0AEI5	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	br2GHb	Rana guentheri (Gunther's frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antimicrobial peptide.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Problely contains one disulfide bond 24-30. "	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus FDA209P (MIC=16.5 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 (MIC>64 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli O111 (MIC=8.2 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=8.2 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys24 and Cys30)	Disulfide bond between Cys24 and Cys30.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16979798	Peptides. 2006 Dec;27(12):3077-3084.	"Zhou J, McClean S, Thompson A, Zhang Y, Shaw C, Rao P, Bjourson AJ."	Purification and characterization of novel antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretion of Hylarana guentheri.
DRAMP01911	SIWEGIKNAGKGFLVSILDKVRCKVAGGCNP	31	"Brevinin-2GHc (AMP-4; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	A0AEI6	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	br2GHc	Rana guentheri (Gunther's frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antimicrobial peptide.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Problely contains one disulfide bond 24-30. "	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus FDA209P (MIC=9.8 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 (MIC>64 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli O111 (MIC=19.6 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=9.8 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys24 and Cys30.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16979798	Peptides. 2006 Dec;27(12):3077-3084.	"Zhou J, McClean S, Thompson A, Zhang Y, Shaw C, Rao P, Bjourson AJ."	Purification and characterization of novel antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretion of Hylarana guentheri.
DRAMP01913	FLPLLAGLAANFLPKIFCKITKKC	24	"Brevinin-1GRa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana grahami (Asian frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=25 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=12.5 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16621155	Peptides. 2006 Sep;27(9):2111-2117.	" Conlon JM, Al-Ghaferi N, Abraham B, Jiansheng H, Cosette P, Leprince J, Jouenne T, Vaudry H. "	"Antimicrobial peptides from diverse families isolated from the skin of the Asian frog, Rana grahami. "
DRAMP01914	GLLDTFKNLALNAAKSAGVSVLNSLSCKLSKTC	33	"Brevinin-2GRa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana grahami (Asian frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=12.5 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=50 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC>100 ?M).	[Ref.16621155] LC50=140 μM against human erythrocytes. 	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16621155##17272268	Peptides. 2006 Sep;27(9):2111-2117.##Mol Cell Proteomics. 2007 May;6(5):882-894. 	"Conlon JM, Al-Ghaferi N, Abraham B, Jiansheng H, Cosette P, Leprince J, Jouenne T, Vaudry H.##Li J, Xu X, Xu C, Zhou W, Zhang K, Yu H, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Rees HH, Lai R, Yang D, Wu J."	"Antimicrobial peptides from diverse families isolated from the skin of the Asian frog, Rana grahami.##Anti-infection peptidomics of amphibian skin."
DRAMP01918	FLPLIAGLAANFLPKIFCAITKKC	24	"Brevinin-1PLb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	A7WNV3	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana palustris (Pickerel frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antimicrobial activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=9 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli(MIC=26 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=6 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	17698247##11087945	Peptides. 2007 Aug;28(8):1605-1610.##Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Nov 30;1543(1):95-105.	"Zhou M, Wang L, Owens DE, Chen T, Walker B, Shaw C.##Basir YJ, Knoop FC, Dulka J, Conlon JM."	"Rapid identification of precursor cDNAs encoding five structural classes of antimicrobial peptides from pickerel frog (Rana palustris) skin secretion by single step shotgun cloning.##Multiple antimicrobial peptides and peptides related to bradykinin and neuromedin N isolated from skin secretions of the pickerel frog, Rana palustris."
DRAMP01919	FLPVIAGVAAKFLPKIFCAITKKC	24	"Brevinin-1PLc (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	A7WNV4	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana palustris (Pickerel frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=4 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli(MIC=7 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=8 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	17698247##11087945	Peptides. 2007 Aug;28(8):1605-1610.##Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Nov 30;1543(1):95-105.	"Zhou M, Wang L, Owens DE, Chen T, Walker B, Shaw C.##Basir YJ, Knoop FC, Dulka J, Conlon JM."	"Rapid identification of precursor cDNAs encoding five structural classes of antimicrobial peptides from pickerel frog (Rana palustris) skin secretion by single step shotgun cloning.##Multiple antimicrobial peptides and peptides related to bradykinin and neuromedin N isolated from skin secretions of the pickerel frog, Rana palustris."
DRAMP01920	FLPILAGLAAKIVPKLFCLATKKC	24	"Brevinin-1CSa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana cascadae (Cascades frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Brevinin-1CSa was strongly hemolytic against human erythrocytes. 	[Ref.17451843]Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=32 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=2 ?M).	[Ref.17451843] LD50=5 ?M against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17451843	Peptides. 2007 Jun;28(6):1268-1274.	"Conlon JM, Al-Dhaheri A, Al-Mutawa E, Al-Kharrge R, Ahmed E, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Nielsen PF, Davidson C."	Peptide defenses of the Cascades frog Rana cascadae: implications for the evolutionary history of frogs of the Amerana species group.
DRAMP18383	DEDLDE	6	"XLAsp-P2 (X. laevis antibacterial peptide-P2; frog, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	"skin, African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, Africa"	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"		Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	No MICs found in DRAMP database	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	28299865	J Pept Sci. 2017 Mar 16. in press. doi: 10.1002/psc.	"Zhang Y, Liu S, Li S, Cheng Y, Nie L, Wang G, Lv C, Wei W, Cheng C, Hou F, Hao L"	Novel short antimicrobial peptide isolated from Xenopus laevis skin
DRAMP01922	GLFNVFKKVGKNVLKNVAGSLMDNLKCKVSGEC	33	"Brevinin-2SKb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana sakuraii (Japanese brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=3 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC>50 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	17174009	Peptides. 2007 Mar;28(3):505-514.	"Suzuki H, Iwamuro S, Ohnuma A, Coquet L, Leprince J, Jouenne T, Vaudry H, Taylor CK, Abel PW, Conlon JM."	Expression of genes encoding antimicrobial and bradykinin-related peptides in skin of the stream brown frog Rana sakuraii.
DRAMP01933	GIMDTLKNLAKTAGKGALQSLVKMASCKLSGQC	33	"Brevinin-2Ef (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P40842	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana esculenta (Edible frog) (Pelophylax esculentus)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Transcript level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Shows antibacterial activity against representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial species, and hemolytic activity "	[Swiss_Prot Entry P40842]Shows antibacterial activity against representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial species	[Ref.8163497]LC50>100 ?M against human erythrocytes	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	8163497	J Biol Chem. 1994 Apr 22;269(16):11956-11961.	"Simmaco M, Mignogna G, Barra D, Bossa F."	Antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of Rana esculenta. Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding esculentin and brevinins and isolation of new active peptides.
DRAMP01934	GILSTIKDFAIKAGKGAAKGLLEMASCKLSGQC	33	"Brevinin-2Ei (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana esculenta complex	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Potently and selectively inhibits the growth of the Gram-positive bacterium Escherichia coli. No peptide, at concentrations up to 100 ?M, inhibited the growth of the fungal pathogen C. albicans.
Sequence similarity: This peptide shows limited amino acid sequence similarity to the homologous exon gene products that encode the N-terminal flanking peptides of preprocaerulein, preproxenopsin, and preprolevitide."	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=3 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	14499272	Peptides. 2003 Jul;24(7):955-961.	"Ali MF, Knoop FC, Vaudry H, Conlon JM."	Characterization of novel antimicrobial peptides from the skins of frogs of the Rana esculenta complex.
DRAMP01935	GIFLDKLKNFAKGVAQSLLNKASCKLSGQC	30	"Brevinin-2Ej (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana esculenta complex	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Potently and selectively inhibits the growth of the Gram-positive bacterium Escherichia coli. No peptide, at concentrations up to 100 ?M, inhibited the growth of the fungal pathogen C. albicans.
Sequence similarity: This peptide shows limited amino acid sequence similarity to the homologous exon gene products that encode the N-terminal flanking peptides of preprocaerulein, preproxenopsin, and preprolevitide."	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=2 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	14499272	Peptides. 2003 Jul;24(7):955-961.	"Ali MF, Knoop FC, Vaudry H, Conlon JM."	Characterization of novel antimicrobial peptides from the skins of frogs of the Rana esculenta complex.
DRAMP01937	GLGSILGKILNVAGKVGKTIGKVADAVGNKE	31	"CPRF-Ea (caerulein precursor-related fragment; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana esculenta complex	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Potently and selectively inhibits the growth of the Gram-positive bacterium Escherichia coli. No peptide, at concentrations up to 100 ?M, inhibited the growth of the fungal pathogen C. albicans.
Sequence similarity: This peptide shows limited amino acid sequence similarity to the homologous exon gene products that encode the N-terminal flanking peptides of preprocaerulein, preproxenopsin, and preprolevitide."	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=4 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	14499272	Peptides. 2003 Jul;24(7):955-961.	"Ali MF, Knoop FC, Vaudry H, Conlon JM."	Characterization of novel antimicrobial peptides from the skins of frogs of the Rana esculenta complex.
DRAMP01938	GLGSFLKNAIKIAGKVGSTIGKVADAIGNKE	31	"CPRF-Eb (caerulein precursor-related fragment; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana esculenta complex	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Potently and selectively inhibits the growth of the Gram-positive bacterium Escherichia coli. No peptide, at concentrations up to 100 ?M, inhibited the growth of the fungal pathogen C. albicans.
Sequence similarity: This peptide shows limited amino acid sequence similarity to the homologous exon gene products that encode the N-terminal flanking peptides of preprocaerulein, preproxenopsin, and preprolevitide."	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=5 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	14499272	Peptides. 2003 Jul;24(7):955-961.	"Ali MF, Knoop FC, Vaudry H, Conlon JM."	Characterization of novel antimicrobial peptides from the skins of frogs of the Rana esculenta complex.
DRAMP01939	GLGSFFKNAIKIAGKVGSTIGKVADAIGNKE	31	"CPRF-Ec (caerulein precursor-related fragment; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana esculenta complex	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Potently and selectively inhibits the growth of the Gram-positive bacterium Escherichia coli. No peptide, at concentrations up to 100 ?M, inhibited the growth of the fungal pathogen C. albicans.
Sequence similarity: This peptide shows limited amino acid sequence similarity to the homologous exon gene products that encode the N-terminal flanking peptides of preprocaerulein, preproxenopsin, and preprolevitide."	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=4 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	14499272	Peptides. 2003 Jul;24(7):955-961.	"Ali MF, Knoop FC, Vaudry H, Conlon JM."	Characterization of novel antimicrobial peptides from the skins of frogs of the Rana esculenta complex.
DRAMP01940	FLPIIAGVAAKVLPKLFCAITKKC	24	"Brevinin-1CHa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	A7YJE2	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana chiricahuensis	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	PTM: Contains disulfide bond.	"Gram-negative bacteria: E. coli (MIC=10 ?M), K. pneumoniae (MIC=40 ?M), P. aeruginosa (MIC=20 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: S. aureus (MIC=2.5 ?M).##Yeast: C. albicans (MIC=2.5 ?M).(Ref.2)"	[Ref.21262304] LC50=5 ?M against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17938991##21262304	J Mol Evol. 2007 Nov;65(5):605-615.##Peptides. 2011 Apr;32(4):664-669.	"Tennessen JA, Blouin MS.##Conlon JM, Mechkarska M, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, King JD."	Selection for antimicrobial peptide diversity in frogs leads to gene duplication and low allelic variation.##Characterization of antimicrobial peptides in skin secretions from discrete populations of Lithobates chiricahuensis (Ranidae) from central and southern Arizona.
DRAMP01941	FLPVIAGLAAKVLPKLFCAITKKC	24	"Brevinin-1CHb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	A7YJE4	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana chiricahuensis 	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	PTM: Contains disulfide bond.	"Gram-negative bacteria: E. coli (MIC=10 ?M), K. pneumoniae (MIC=40 ?M), P. aeruginosa (MIC=10 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: S. aureus (MIC=2.5 ?M).##Yeast: C. albicans (MIC=2.5 ?M).(Ref.2)"	[Ref.21262304] LC50=5 ?M against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17938991##21262304	J Mol Evol. 2007 Nov;65(5):605-615.##Peptides. 2011 Apr;32(4):664-669.	"Tennessen JA, Blouin MS.##Conlon JM, Mechkarska M, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, King JD."	Selection for antimicrobial peptide diversity in frogs leads to gene duplication and low allelic variation.##Characterization of antimicrobial peptides in skin secretions from discrete populations of Lithobates chiricahuensis (Ranidae) from central and southern Arizona.
DRAMP01942	FLPAIVGAAGQFLPKIFCAISKKC	24	"Brevinin-1Sa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82904	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana sphenocephala (Southern leopard frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=55 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	10604597	J Pept Res. 1999 Dec;54(6):522-527.	"Conlon JM, Halverson T, Dulka J, Platz JE, Knoop FC."	"Peptides with antimicrobial activity of the brevinin-1 family isolated from skin secretions of the southern leopard frog, Rana sphenocephala."
DRAMP01943	FLPAIVGAAGKFLPKIFCAISKKC	24	"Brevinin-1Sb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82905	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana sphenocephala (Southern leopard frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=17 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	10604597	J Pept Res. 1999 Dec;54(6):522-527.	"Conlon JM, Halverson T, Dulka J, Platz JE, Knoop FC."	"Peptides with antimicrobial activity of the brevinin-1 family isolated from skin secretions of the southern leopard frog, Rana sphenocephala."
DRAMP01944	FFPIVAGVAGQVLKKIYCTISKKC	24	"Brevinin-1Sc (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82906	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana sphenocephala (Southern leopard frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=14 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	10604597	J Pept Res. 1999 Dec;54(6):522-527.	"Conlon JM, Halverson T, Dulka J, Platz JE, Knoop FC."	"Peptides with antimicrobial activity of the brevinin-1 family isolated from skin secretions of the southern leopard frog, Rana sphenocephala."
DRAMP01949	FLPAVLRVAAKIVPTVFCAISKKC	24	"Brevinin-1HSa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P0C8S7	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana hosii (Hose's rock frog) (Odorrana hosii)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 18-24."	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=3 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25726 (MIC=24 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18621071	Toxicon. 2008 Sep 1;52(3):465-473. 	"Conlon JM, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Coquet L, Jouenne T, King JD."	"Characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the Malaysian frogs, Odorrana hosii and Hylarana picturata (Anura:Ranidae)."
DRAMP01950	FLPAVLRVAAQVVPTVFCAISKKC	24	"Brevinin-1HSb (Brevinin-1JDb; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P0C8S8	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana hosii (Hose's rock frog) (Odorrana hosii)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 18-24."	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=3 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25726 (MIC>48 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18621071	Toxicon. 2008 Sep 1;52(3):465-473. 	"Conlon JM, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Coquet L, Jouenne T, King JD."	"Characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the Malaysian frogs, Odorrana hosii and Hylarana picturata (Anura:Ranidae)."
DRAMP01951	FMGGLIKAATKIVPAAYCAITKKC	24	"Brevinin-1PTa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P0C8T1	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana picturata (Malaysian fire frog) (Hylarana picturata)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 18-24."	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=3 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25726 (MIC=24 ?M).	 	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18621071	Toxicon. 2008 Sep 1;52(3):465-473. 	"Conlon JM, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Coquet L, Jouenne T, King JD."	"Characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the Malaysian frogs, Odorrana hosii and Hylarana picturata (Anura:Ranidae)."
DRAMP01953	GLLDSLKNLAINAAKGAGQSVLNTLSCKLSKTC	33	"Brevinin-2HSa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P0C8S9	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana hosii (Hose's rock frog) (Rana hosii)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 27-33."	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=18 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25726 (MIC=36 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18621071	Toxicon. 2008 Sep 1;52(3):465-473. 	"Conlon JM, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Coquet L, Jouenne T, King JD."	"Characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the Malaysian frogs, Odorrana hosii and Hylarana picturata (Anura:Ranidae)."
DRAMP01955	GAIKDALKGAAKTVAVELLKKAQCKLEKTC	30	"Brevinin-2PTa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P0C8T3	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana picturata (Malaysian fire frog) (Hylarana picturata)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 24-30."	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=18 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25726 (MIC=18 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys24 and Cys30)	Disulfide bond between Cys24 and Cys30.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18621071	Toxicon. 2008 Sep 1;52(3):465-473. 	"Conlon JM, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Coquet L, Jouenne T, King JD."	"Characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the Malaysian frogs, Odorrana hosii and Hylarana picturata (Anura:Ranidae)."
DRAMP01956	GFKGAFKNVMFGIAKSAGKSALNALACKIDKSC	33	"Brevinin-2PTb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P0C8T4	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana picturata (Malaysian fire frog) (Hylarana picturata)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 27-33."	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=9 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25726 (MIC=9 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18621071	Toxicon. 2008 Sep 1;52(3):465-473. 	"Conlon JM, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Coquet L, Jouenne T, King JD."	"Characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the Malaysian frogs, Odorrana hosii and Hylarana picturata (Anura:Ranidae)."
DRAMP01957	GLLDSFKNAMIGIAKSAGKTALNKIACKIDKTC	33	"Brevinin-2PTc (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P0C8T5	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana picturata (Malaysian fire frog) (Hylarana picturata)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 27-33."	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC>72 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25726 (MIC=18 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18621071	Toxicon. 2008 Sep 1;52(3):465-473. 	"Conlon JM, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Coquet L, Jouenne T, King JD."	"Characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the Malaysian frogs, Odorrana hosii and Hylarana picturata (Anura:Ranidae)."
DRAMP01959	GFLDSFKNAMIGVAKSVGKTALSTLACKIDKSC	33	"Brevinin-2PTe (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P0C8T7	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana picturata (Malaysian fire frog) (Hylarana picturata)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 27-33."	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=36 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25726 (MIC=18 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18621071	Toxicon. 2008 Sep 1;52(3):465-473. 	"Conlon JM, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Coquet L, Jouenne T, King JD."	"Characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the Malaysian frogs, Odorrana hosii and Hylarana picturata (Anura:Ranidae)."
DRAMP01963	FLPAIVGAAAKFLPKIFCAISKKC	24	"Brevinin-1BLa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Lithobates blairi (plains leopard frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. Antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Trichosporon beigelli, Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus parasiticus"	[Ref.19254736] Gram-positive bacteria : Staphylococcus aureus(MIC=1.5 μM);##Gram-negative bacteria : Escherichia coli(MIC=25 μM);##Fungi : Candida albicans(MIC=6 μM)	[Ref.19254736] LC50=14 μM against human red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	19254736	Toxicon. 2009 Jun;53(7-8):699-705. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.02.018.	"Conlon JM, Ahmed E, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Leprince J, Vaudry H, King JD."	"Peptides with potent cytolytic activity from the skin secretions of the North American leopard frogs, Lithobates blairi and Lithobates yavapaiensis."
DRAMP01965	FLPIIAGIAAKFLPKIFCTISKKC	24	"Brevinin-1BLc (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	B6CPR0	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Lithobates blairi (leopard frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. Antifungal activity against Candida albicans	[Ref.19254736]Gram-negative bacterium:?Escherichia coli (MIC=25 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium:?Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=1.5 ?M);##Yeast:?Candida albicans (MIC=3 ?M);##Cancer cells HepG2:?(LC50=6 ?M)..	[Ref.19254736] LC50=9 μM against human red blood cells.##[Ref.14531844]Non-hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	19254736	Toxicon. 2009 Jun;53(7-8):699-705. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.02.018.	"Conlon JM, Ahmed E, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Leprince J, Vaudry H, King JD."	"Peptides with potent cytolytic activity from the skin secretions of the North American leopard frogs, Lithobates blairi and Lithobates yavapaiensis."
DRAMP01968	FLPIIAGAAAKVVEKIFCAISKKC	24	"Brevinin-1Yc (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Lithobates yavapaiensis (North American leopard frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. Antifungal activity against Candida albicans	[Ref.19254736] Gram-positive bacteria : Staphylococcus aureus(MIC=6 μM);##Gram-negative bacteria : Escherichia coli(MIC=100 μM);##Fungi : Candida albicans(MIC=6 μM)Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=100 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=6 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=6 ?M).##cancer cells HepG2 (LC50=14 ?M). 	[Ref.19254736] LC50=13 μM against human red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	19254736	Toxicon. 2009 Jun;53(7-8):699-705. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.02.018.	"Conlon JM, Ahmed E, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Leprince J, Vaudry H, King JD."	"Peptides with potent cytolytic activity from the skin secretions of the North American leopard frogs, Lithobates blairi and Lithobates yavapaiensis."
DRAMP01969	FLGSLIGAAIPAIKQLLGLKK	21	"Brevinin-1Ja (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana japonica (Japanese brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	It can produced cell death of mammalian COS7 cells (LD50=28 ?M).	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=15 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=119 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	18558801	Zoolog Sci 2008; 25: 487-491.	"Koyama T, Iwamuro S."	"Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding atypical antimicrobial and cytotoxic brevinin-1Ja from the skin of the Japanese brown frog, Rana japonica."
DRAMP01970	FLPFLLSALPKVFCFFSKKC	20	"Brevinin-1ZHa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana zhenhaiensis (Chinese brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2592 (MIC=8 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=16 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 (MIC=32 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC>43 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	22943778	Zoolog Sci. 2012 Sep;29(9):553-558.	"Xu B, Che H, Kang L, Zheng S, Mu S, Wan F."	"Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from the Skin of Brown Frog, Rana zhenhaiensis."
DRAMP01971	FLPLLLSALPSFLCLVFKKC	20	"Brevinin-1ZHb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana zhenhaiensis (Chinese brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2592 (MIC=17 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=33 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 (MIC>44 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC>44 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	22943778	Zoolog Sci. 2012 Sep;29(9):553-558.	"Xu B, Che H, Kang L, Zheng S, Mu S, Wan F."	"Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from the Skin of Brown Frog, Rana zhenhaiensis."
DRAMP01974	GIMRVFKGVLKTAGKSVAKNVAGSFLDRLKCKISGGC	37	"Brevinin-2ZHa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana zhenhaiensis (Chinese brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2592 (MIC=1 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=5 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 (MIC=5 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=3 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	22943778	Zoolog Sci. 2012 Sep;29(9):553-558.	"Xu B, Che H, Kang L, Zheng S, Mu S, Wan F."	"Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from the Skin of Brown Frog, Rana zhenhaiensis."
DRAMP01986	SLLGTVKDLLIGAGKSAAQSVLKGLSCKLSKDC	33	"Brevinin-2HS2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Huia schmackeri (Chinese piebald odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: It shows poor hemolycity activity (LC50=300 uM). 	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=19 ?M), Bacillus licheniformis X39 (MIC=39 ?M), Rhodococcus rhodochrous X15 (MIC=9.5 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Psychrobacter faecalis X29 (MIC=9.5 ?M).##Fungi: Slime mould 090223 (MIC=37.5 ?M), Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=19 ?M)."	LC50=300?M against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	18423796	Peptides. 2008 Aug;29(8):1456-1460.	"Quan Z, Zhou M, Chen W, Chen T, Walker B, Shaw C."	Novel brevinins from Chinese piebald odorous frog (Huia schmackeri) skin deduced from cloned biosynthetic precursors.
DRAMP01990	FMGSALRIAAKVLPAALCQIFKKC	24	"Brevinin-1LT1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Hylarana latouchii (Chinese broad-folded frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Shows antibacterial activity against representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial species, and hemolytic activity against rabbit red blood cells."	"[Ref.19340924]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=6.25 ?M), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=6.25 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Pseudomonas fluorescens (MIC=100 ?M);##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=50 ?M)."	[Ref.19340924]LC50>200 ?g/ml against rabbit red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	19340924	Biochimie. 2009 Apr;91(4):540-547.	"Wang H, Yan X, Yu H, Hu Y, Yu Z, Zheng H, Chen Z, Zhang Z, Liu J."	"Isolation, characterization and molecular cloning of new antimicrobial peptides belonging to the brevinin-1 and temporin families from the skin of Hylarana latouchii (Anura: Ranidae)."
DRAMP01994	SLLDTFKNLAVNAAKSAGVSVLNALSCKISRTC	33	"Brevinin-2ISa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana ishikawae (Endangered frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial activity.	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=50 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=12.5 ?M), S. aureus (MRSA) (MIC=100 ?M), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=12.5 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	21193000	Peptides. 2011 Apr;32(4):670-676. 	"Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Ukena K, Okimoto A, Soga M, Okada G, Sano N, Fujii T, Sugawara Y, Sumida M."	Identification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the endangered frog Odorrana ishikawae.
DRAMP01995	SFLTTFKDLAIKAAKSAGQSVLSTLSCKLSNTC	33	"Brevinin-2ISb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana ishikawae (Endangered frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial activity.	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=12.5 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=6.3 ?M), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=25 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	21193000	Peptides. 2011 Apr;32(4):670-676. 	"Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Ukena K, Okimoto A, Soga M, Okada G, Sano N, Fujii T, Sugawara Y, Sumida M."	Identification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the endangered frog Odorrana ishikawae.
DRAMP01996	SVLGTVKDLLIGAGKSAAQSVLTTLSCKLSNSC	33	"Brevinin-2ISc (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana ishikawae (Endangered frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial activity.	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=50 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=25 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	21193000	Peptides. 2011 Apr;32(4):670-676. 	"Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Ukena K, Okimoto A, Soga M, Okada G, Sano N, Fujii T, Sugawara Y, Sumida M."	Identification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the endangered frog Odorrana ishikawae.
DRAMP02001	FLPLIASLAANFVPKIFCKITKKC	24	"Brevinin-1HN1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	E7EKC4	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana hainanensis (Hainan odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi but has weak or no activity against a range of Gram-negative bacteria except P. faecalis. Has hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes (LC50=75 ?M).

Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.

PTM: Contains one disulfide bond."	"[Ref.22450466]Gram-positive bacteria: Enterococcus faecium 091299 (MIC=19 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis 981 (MIC=19 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=1.2 ?M), Staphylococcus carnosus KHS (MIC=4.8 ?M), Bacillus licheniformis X39 (MIC=2.4 ?M), Rhodococcus rhodochrous X15 (MIC=1.2 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC25922 (MIC=150 ?M), Psychrobacter faecalis X29 (MIC=4.8 ?M);##Fungi: Slime mould 090223 (MIC=1.2 ?M), Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=2.4 ?M)."	[Ref.22450466] LC50=75 ?M against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22450466	Peptides. 2012 Jun;35(2):285-290.	"Wang H, Yu Z, Hu Y, Li F, Liu L, Zheng H, Meng H, Yang S, Yang X, Liu J."	"Novel antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skin secretions of Hainan odorous frog, Odorrana hainanensis."
DRAMP02004	FLPLIASVAANLVPKIFCKITKKC	24	"Brevinin-1V (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"Q2UXV8, E7EKC5"	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana versabilis (Chinese bamboo leaf odorous frog) (Rana versabilis)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Transcript level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi but has weak or no activity against a range of Gram-negative bacteria except P. faecalis. Has hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond."	"[Ref.22450466]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=19 ?M), Bacillus licheniformis X39 (MIC=37.5 ?M), Rhodococcus rhodochrous X15 (MIC=9.5 ?M), Enterococcus faecium 091299 (MIC=19 ?M), E. faecalis 981 (MIC=19 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Psychrobacter faecalis X29 (MIC=9.5 ?M);##Fungi: Slime mould 090223 (MIC=1.2 ?M), Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=19-37.5 ?M)."	[Ref.22450466] LC50=75 ?M against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16139929##22450466	Peptides. 2006 Jan;27(1):42-48.##Peptides. 2012 Jun;35(2):285-290.	"Chen T, Li L, Zhou M, Rao P, Walker B, Shaw C.##Wang H, Yu Z, Hu Y, Li F, Liu L, Zheng H, Meng H, Yang S, Yang X, Liu J."	"Amphibian skin peptides and their corresponding cDNAs from single lyophilized secretion samples: identification of novel brevinins from three species of Chinese frogs.##Novel antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skin secretions of Hainan odorous frog, Odorrana hainanensis."
DRAMP02006	GIWDTLKNVGKAVLGKVLENV	21	"Brevinin-2Va (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana virgatipes (Ranidae) (Aquarana)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=12 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15996769	Regul Pept. 2005 Nov;131(1-3):38-45.	"Conlon JM, Abraham B, Sonnevend A, Jouenne T, Cosette P, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Bevier CR."	"Purification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the carpenter frog Rana virgatipes (Ranidae, Aquarana). "
DRAMP02009	FLPVLAGIAAKVVPALFCKITKKC	24	"Brevinin-1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P32423	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana brevipoda porsa (Japanese frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Shows antibacterial activity against representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial species, and a very high hemolytic activity."	[Ref.1449472]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=8 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=34 ?g/ml).	[Ref.1449472] high hemolytic activity	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	1449472	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Nov 30;189(1):184-190.	"Morikawa N, Hagiwara K, Nakajima T."	"Brevinin-1 and -2, unique antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the frog, Rana brevipoda porsa."
DRAMP02010	GLLDSLKGFAATAGKGVLQSLLSTASCKLAKTC	33	"Brevinin-2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P32424	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana brevipoda porsa (Japanese frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Shows antibacterial activity against representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial species, and a very high hemolytic activity."	[Ref.1449472]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=8 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=4 ?g/ml).	[Ref.1449472] high hemolytic activity	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	1449472	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Nov 30;189(1):184-190.	"Morikawa N, Hagiwara K, Nakajima T."	"Brevinin-1 and -2, unique antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the frog, Rana brevipoda porsa."
DRAMP02019	GLFDVVKGVLKGAGKNVAGSLLEQLKCKLSGGC	33	"Brevinin-2DYb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P0C5X2	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana dybowskii (Dybovsky's frog) (Korean brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antimicrobial peptide.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: contains one disulfide bond 27-33."	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=30 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=30 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17688900	Toxicon. 2007 Nov;50(6):746-756.	"Conlon JM, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Iwamuro S."	"Cytolytic peptides belonging to the brevinin-1 and brevinin-2 families isolated from the skin of the Japanese brown frog, Rana dybowskii."
DRAMP18381	VVYALKRNGRTLYGF	15	H4-(86-100) (histone-derived)	No entry found	Not found	Not found	rat	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"		Not found	Not found	None	"Fuction: ATP can enahnce its activity, implying its involvement in inhibiting the DNA gyrase activity."	"Active against E. coli (LD90 6.68 ug/ml), P. aeruginosa (LD90 4.8 ug/ml), B. subtilis (LD90 17 ug/ml), and S. aureus (14.7 ug.ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	18803668	FEBS J. 2008 Nov;275(21):5286-97.	"Lemaire S, Trinh TT, Le HT, Tang SC, Hincke M, Wellman-Labadie O, Ziai S."	"Antimicrobial effects of H4-(86-100), histogranin and related compounds--possible involvement of DNA gyrase."
DRAMP18382	VVYTLKRNGRTLYGF	15	HNr (histone-derived)	No entry found	Not found	Not found	rat	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"		Not found	Not found	None	"Fuction: ATP can enahnce its activity, implying its involvement in inhibiting the DNA gyrase activity."	"Active against E. coli (LD90 10.3 ug/ml), P. aeruginosa LD90 8.7 ug/ml), and B. subtilis (LD90 14 ug/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	18803668	FEBS J. 2008 Nov;275(21):5286-97.	"Lemaire S, Trinh TT, Le HT, Tang SC, Hincke M, Wellman-Labadie O, Ziai S."	"Antimicrobial effects of H4-(86-100), histogranin and related compounds--possible involvement of DNA gyrase."
DRAMP02023	GIFDVVKGVLKGVGKNVAGSLLEQLKCKLSGGC	33	"Brevinin-2DYd (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P0C5X4	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana dybowskii (Dybovsky's frog) (Korean brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antimicrobial peptide.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: contains one disulfide bond 27-33."	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=15 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=15 ?M).##NOTE: mixture of Brevinin-2DYc/2DYd	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17688900	Toxicon. 2007 Nov;50(6):746-756.	"Conlon JM, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Iwamuro S."	"Cytolytic peptides belonging to the brevinin-1 and brevinin-2 families isolated from the skin of the Japanese brown frog, Rana dybowskii."
DRAMP18380	SGRGKTGGKARAKAKTRSSRAGLQFPVGRVHRLLRKGNYAQRVGAGAPVY	50	Acipensin 1 (Ac1)	No entry found	Not found	Not found	"Leukocytes; the Russian Sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii"	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal"		Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Active against E. coli ML35p (MIC 0.7 uM), L. monocytogenes EGD (MIC 1.1 uM), MRSA ATCC 33591 (MIC 0.9 uM), C. albicans 820 (MIC 1 uM)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	25558400	Acta Naturae. 2014 Oct;6(4):99-109	"Shamova OV, Orlov DS, Balandin SV, Shramova EI, Tsvetkova EV, Panteleev PV, Leonova YF, Tagaev AA, Kokryakov VN, Ovchinnikova TV."	Acipensins - Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from Leukocytes of the Russian Sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii
DRAMP02025	GLFSVVTGVLKAVGKNVAKNVGGSLLEQLKCKISGGC	37	"Brevinin-2DYe (Brevinin-2CDYa; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P0C5X5	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana dybowskii (Dybovsky's frog) (Korean brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Active against the Gram-positive bacteria: S. aureus and Gram-negative bacteria E. coli. Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands. PTM: contains one disulfide bond 31-37.	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=15 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=30 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys31 and Cys37)	Disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17688900##17698251	Toxicon. 2007 Nov;50(6):746-756.##Peptides. 2007 Aug;28(8):1532-1539.	"Conlon JM, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Iwamuro S.##Kim SS, Shim MS, Chung J, Lim DY, Lee BJ."	"Cytolytic peptides belonging to the brevinin-1 and brevinin-2 families isolated from the skin of the Japanese brown frog, Rana dybowskii.##Purification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretion of Rana dybowskii."
DRAMP02026	LLSLALAALPKLFCLIFKKC	20	"Brevinin-1CDYa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	B3VZU0	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana dybowskii (Dybovsky's frog) (Korean brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has low activity against the Gram-positive bacteria: S. aureus and Gram-negative bacteria E. coli. Has hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes (HC50=125 ?M).
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: contains one disulfide bond 14-20."	[Swiss_Prot Entry B3VZU0]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=12.5 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=25 ?M)	[Ref.19539775]HC50=125 μM against human red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys14 and Cys20)	Disulfide bond between Cys14 and Cys20.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19539775	Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2009 Oct;154(2):174-178.	"Jin LL, Li Q, Song SS, Feng K, Zhang DB, Wang QY, Chen YH."	"Characterization of antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skin of the Chinese frog, Rana dybowskii."
DRAMP18379	SGRGKTGGKARAKAKTRSSRAGLQFPVGRVHRLLR	35	Acipensin 2 (Ac2)	No entry found	Not found	Not found	"Leukocytes; the Russian Sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii"	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal"		Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Active against E. coli ML35p (MIC 0.3 uM), L. monocytogenes EGD (MIC 1.0 uM), MRSA ATCC 33591 (MIC 0.6 uM), C. albicans 820 (MIC 0.9 uM)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	25558400	Acta Naturae. 2014 Oct;6(4):99-109.	"Shamova OV, Orlov DS, Balandin SV, Shramova EI, Tsvetkova EV, Panteleev PV, Leonova YF, Tagaev AA, Kokryakov VN, Ovchinnikova TV."	Acipensins - Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from Leukocytes of the Russian Sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii.
DRAMP02031	ILPLLLGKVVCAITKKC	17	"Brevinin-1Da (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana dalmatina (European frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Sequence alignment suggests that the peptide is derived from brevinin-1 by multiple residue deletions (D for ""dalmatina"" and 'a' to denote the first isoform identified). "	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=7 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=30 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys11 and Cys17)	Disulfide bond between Cys11 and Cys17.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	15050930	Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2004 Feb;137(2):191-196.	"Conlon JM, Seidel B, Nielsen PF."	An atypical member of the brevinin-1 family of antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skin of the European frog Rana dalmatina.
DRAMP02032	FLGSIVGALASALPSLISKIRN	22	"Brevinin-1TSa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana tsushimensis (Tsushima brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Activity against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes."	"[Ref.16413829]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=25 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae KK3 9904 (MIC>100 ?M), Enterobacter cloacae HNTCC 53001 (MIC=50 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=50 ?M), Proteus mirabilis ATCC 25933 (MIC>100 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325 (MIC=25 ?M), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus T7/20 (MIC=25 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A (MIC=12.5 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (MIC=50 ?M), Streptococcus group B HNTCC 80130 (MIC=50 ?M);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 90028 (MIC=50 ?M)"	[Ref.16413829]LD50=12 μM against human erythrocytes	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	16413829	Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2006 May;143(1):42-49. 	"Conlon JM, Al-Ghaferi N, Abraham B, Sonnevend A, Coquet L, Leprince J, Jouenne T, Vaudry H, Iwamuro S."	Antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the Tsushima brown frog Rana tsushimensis.
DRAMP02033	GIMSLFKGVLKTAGKHVAGSLVDQLKCKITGGC	33	"Brevinin-2TSa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana tsushimensis (Tsushima brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Activity against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but relatively low hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes."	"[Ref.16413829]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=3 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae KK3 9904 (MIC=6 ?M), Enterobacter cloacae HNTCC 53001 (MIC=6 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=6 ?M), Proteus mirabilis ATCC 25933 (MIC>100 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325 (MIC=12.5 ?M), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus T7/20 (MIC=25 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A (MIC=12.5 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (MIC=25 ?M);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 90028 (MIC=100 ?M)."	[Ref.16413829] LD50=100 μM against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16413829	Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2006 May;143(1):42-49. 	"Conlon JM, Al-Ghaferi N, Abraham B, Sonnevend A, Coquet L, Leprince J, Jouenne T, Vaudry H, Iwamuro S."	Antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the Tsushima brown frog Rana tsushimensis.
DRAMP02034	FLPILAGLAAKLVPKVFCSITKKC	24	"Brevinin-1AUa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana aurora aurora (Northern red-legged frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Activity against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and also shows hemolytic. "	"[Ref.15325526]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=13 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=25 ?M), Enterobacter cloacae (MIC=13 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=50 ?M), Proteus mirabilis (MIC>50 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=3 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=6 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC=13 ?M), Streptococcus Group B (MIC=13 ?M);##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC>40 ?M)."	[Ref.15325526] HC50=5 μM against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	15325526	Dev Comp Immunol. 2005;29(1):83-90.	"Conlon JM, Sonnevend A, Davidson C, Demandt A, Jouenne T."	Host-defense peptides isolated from the skin secretions of the Northern red-legged frog Rana aurora aurora.
DRAMP02035	FLPILAGLAANILPKVFCSITKKC	24	"Brevinin-1AUb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana aurora aurora (Northern red-legged frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Activity against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and also shows hemolytic activity. "	"[Ref.15325526]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=25 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=25 ?M), Enterobacter cloacae (MIC=25 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC>50 ?M), Proteus mirabilis (MIC>50 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=3 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=6 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC=6 ?M), Streptococcus Group B (MIC=13 ?M);##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=3 ?M)."	[Ref.15325526] HC50=7 μM against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	15325526	Dev Comp Immunol. 2005;29(1):83-90.	"Conlon JM, Sonnevend A, Davidson C, Demandt A, Jouenne T."	Host-defense peptides isolated from the skin secretions of the Northern red-legged frog Rana aurora aurora.
DRAMP02036	GAFGNFLKGVAKKAGLKILSIAQCKLSGTC	30	"Brevinin-2-RN1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana nigrovittata	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Brevinin-2-RN1 and -RN2 could induce 17 and 21% Rabbit red blood cell hemolysis, respectively."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=3.10 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC43300 (MIC=3.10 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ML-35P (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 (MIC=25 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.21171145] It has 17% hemolysis at 100 ?g/ml against rabbit red blood cell	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys24 and Cys30)	Disulfide bond between Cys24 and Cys30.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21171145	J Pept Sci. 2011 Jan;17(1):68-72.	"Liu X, Liu R, Wei L, Yang H, Zhang K, Liu J, Lai R."	"Two novel antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of the frog, Rana nigrovittata."
DRAMP02037	GAFGNFLKGVAKKAGLKILSIAQCKLFGTC	30	"Brevinin-2-RN2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana nigrovittata	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Brevinin-2-RN1 and -RN2 could induce 17 and 21% Rabbit red blood cell hemolysis, respectively."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC43300 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ML-35P (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml). Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=3.1 ?g/m)."	[Ref.21171145] It has 21% hemolysis at 100 ?g/ml against rabbit red blood cell	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys24 and Cys30)	Disulfide bond between Cys24 and Cys30.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21171145	J Pept Sci. 2011 Jan;17(1):68-72.	"Liu X, Liu R, Wei L, Yang H, Zhang K, Liu J, Lai R."	"Two novel antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of the frog, Rana nigrovittata."
DRAMP02038	VIVFVASVAAEMMQHVYCAASKKC	24	"Brevinin-1-OA1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=12.4 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=12.4 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=6.2 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=24.8 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP18378	ILELAGNAARDNKKTRIIPRHLQL	24	Acipensin 6 (Ac6)	No entry found	Not found	Not found	"Leukocytes; the Russian Sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii"	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"		Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Active against E. coli ML35p (MIC 2.5 uM).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	25558400	Acta Naturae. 2014 Oct;6(4):99-109. 	"Shamova OV, Orlov DS, Balandin SV, Shramova EI, Tsvetkova EV, Panteleev PV, Leonova YF, Tagaev AA, Kokryakov VN, Ovchinnikova TV."	Acipensins - Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from Leukocytes of the Russian Sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii
DRAMP02040	FLPAVIRVAANVLPTAFCAISKKC	24	"Brevinin-1-OA12 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=6.6 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=6.6 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=13.2 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=3.3 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02041	LPFVAGVAAEMMQHVYCAASKKC	23	"Brevinin-1-OR1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=5.3 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=42.4 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=10.6 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=10.6 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys17 and Cys23)	Disulfide bond between Cys17 and Cys23.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02042	IDPFVAGVAAEMMQHVYCAASKKC	24	"Brevinin-1-OR3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=9.1 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=18.2 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=18.2 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=18.2 ?g/ml). "	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02043	INPFVAGVAAEMMQHVYCAASKKC	24	"Brevinin-1-OR4 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=8.6 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=8.6 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=8.6 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=8.6 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02044	ILPFVAGVAAEMMKHVYCAASKKC	24	"Brevinin-1-OR5 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	It differs from AP1824 only at position 14: Q vs. K.	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=15.2 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=30.4 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=15.2 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=7.6 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02045	IIPFVAGVAAEMMEHVYCAASKKC	24	"Brevinin-1-OR6 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	It differs from AP1827 at two positions: 2: I vs. L and 14: K vs. E.	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=11.1 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=22.2 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=22.2 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=11.1 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02046	QLPFVAGVACEMCQCVYCAASKKC	24	"Brevinin-1-OR7 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=5.7 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=5.7 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=11.4 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=11.4 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02047	ILPFVAGVAAEMMEHVYCAASKKC	24	"Brevinin-1-OR8 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=13.1 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=52.4 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=26.2 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=13.1 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02048	ILPFVAGVAAMEMEHVYCAASKKC	24	"Brevinin-1-OR9 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=9.8 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=9.8 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=4.9 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=9.8 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02049	FLPAVLLVATHVLPTVFCAITRKC	24	"Brevinin-1-OR10 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=3.4 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=27.2 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=6.8 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=6.8 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02050	LAFVAGVAAEMMQHVYCAASKKC	23	"Brevinin-1-OR11 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=6.2 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=12.4 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=12.4 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=12.4 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys17 and Cys23)	Disulfide bond between Cys17 and Cys23.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02051	ILPFVAGVAAEMMQHVYCAASKKC	24	"Lividin-1 (Brevinin-1-OR2; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	Q2UXR4	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	lividin-1	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog) (Odorrana livida)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Amphibian defensive peptide.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Contains disulfide bond."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=5.8 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=11.6 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=11.6 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=5.8 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16713657##22029824	Peptides. 2006 Sep;27(9):2118-2123.##J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Zhou M, Chen T, Walker B, Shaw C.##Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	"Lividins: novel antimicrobial peptide homologs from the skin secretion of the Chinese Large Odorous frog, Rana (Odorrana) livida. Identification by shotgun cDNA cloning and sequence analysis.##Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs."
DRAMP02052	SFLDTLKNLAISAAKGAGQSVLSTLSCKLSKTC	33	"Lividin-2 (Brevinin-2-OR8; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	Q2UXR3	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	lividin-2	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog) (Odorrana livida)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Amphibian defensive peptide.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Contains disulfide bond."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=13.1 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=13.1 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=13.1 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=13.1 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16713657##22029824	Peptides. 2006 Sep;27(9):2118-2123.##J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Zhou M, Chen T, Walker B, Shaw C.##Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	"Lividins: novel antimicrobial peptide homologs from the skin secretion of the Chinese Large Odorous frog, Rana (Odorrana) livida. Identification by shotgun cDNA cloning and sequence analysis.##Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs."
DRAMP02053	SVLGTVKDLLIGAGKSAAQSVLTALSCKLSNSC	33	"Lividin-3 (Brevinin-2-OR1; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	Q2UXR2	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	lividin-3	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog) (Odorrana livida)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Amphibian defensive peptide.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Contains disulfide bond."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=5.5 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=22 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=11 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=11 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16713657##22029824	Peptides. 2006 Sep;27(9):2118-2123.##J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319.	"Zhou M, Chen T, Walker B, Shaw C.##Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	"Lividins: novel antimicrobial peptide homologs from the skin secretion of the Chinese Large Odorous frog, Rana (Odorrana) livida. Identification by shotgun cDNA cloning and sequence analysis.##Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs."
DRAMP02054	GILDTFKNMALNAAKSAGVSVLNALSCKLSKTC	33	"Brevinin-2-OA1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=12.1 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=12.1 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=12.1 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=6.0 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02055	GLLDTFKNMALNAAKSAGVSVLNALSCKLSKTC	33	"Brevinin-2-OA2 (Brevinin-2E-OG1; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Found in multiple species.	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=13.2 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=6.6 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=6.6 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=6.6 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02056	GLLDTFKNMAINAAHGAGVSVLNALSCKLKKTC	33	"Brevinin-2-OA3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity. 	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=6.3 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=12.6 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=6.3 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=3.2 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02057	GLLDTFKNLAINAAESAGVSVLNSLSCKLSKTC	33	"Brevinin-2-OA4 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity. 	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=20 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=20 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=10 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=10 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02058	GLLDGILNANFNAAKSAGTSVLNALSCKLSKTC	33	"Brevinin-2-OA5 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity. 	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=30.6 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=30.6 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=30.6 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=30.6 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02059	GVLATVKNLLIGTGDGAAQSVLKTLSCKLSNDC	33	"Brevinin-2-OA6 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity. 	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=11.2 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=44.8 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=22.4 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=11.2 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02060	GVLGTVKDLLIGAGKSAAQSTLKTLSCKISNDC	33	"Brevinin-2-OA7 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity. 	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=5.8 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=23.2 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=11.6 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=5.8 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02061	GVLATVKNLLNGTGDGAAQSVLKTLSCKLSNDC	33	"Brevinin-2-OA8 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana andersonii (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity. 	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=7.9 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=15.8 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=4.0 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=4.0 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02062	GLLDTIKNMALNAAKSAGVSVLNSLSCKLSKTC	33	"Brevinin-2-OR2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity. 	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=12.1 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=6.0 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=12.1 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=12.1 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02063	GLIDTIKNMALNAAKSAGVSVLNTLSCKLSKTC	33	"Brevinin-2-OR3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity. 	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=20.6 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=41.2 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=20.6 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=10.3 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02064	SVLGTVKDLLIGAGKSAAQSVLTANSCKLSNSC	33	"Brevinin-2-OR4 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity. 	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=11.8 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=11.8 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=5.9 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=11.8 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02065	SFLDTLKNLAISAAKGAGQSVLSTLSCKLSETC	33	"Brevinin-2-OR5 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity. 	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=13.2 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=6.6 ?g/ml).##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=6.6 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=6.6 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02066	GLLDTIKNMALNAAKSAGVSVLNSLSCKDSKTC	33	"Brevinin-2-OR6 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity. 	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=5.8 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=11.6 ?g/ml).##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=5.8 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=11.6 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02067	GLLDTIKNMALNAAKSAGVSVLNTLSCKLSKTC	33	"Brevinin-2-OR7 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity. 	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=8.6 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=8.6 ?g/ml).##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=8.6 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=17.2 ?g/ml)"	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02068	SFLSTFKELAINAAKNAGQSILHTLSCKLDKTC	33	"Brevinin-2-OR9 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity. 	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=20.4 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=20.4 ?g/ml).##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=10.2 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=5.1 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02069	SFLSTFKELAINAAKNAGQSLLHTLSCKLDKTC	33	"Brevinin-2-OR10 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana rotodora (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: It differs from AP1850 only at position 21: L vs. I, so they are predicted to have essentially identical structure and activity."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=15.8 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=7.9 ?g/ml).##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=7.9 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=15.8 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02070	SVMGTVKDLLIGAGKSAAQSVLKSLSCKISNDC	33	"Brevinin-2-OW1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana wuchuanensis (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity. 	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=4.7 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=4.7 ?g/ml).##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=9.4 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=4.7 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02071	SVMGTVKDLLIGAGKSAAQSVLKSLSCKLSNDC	33	"Brevinin-2-OW2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana wuchuanensis (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity. 	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=6.6 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=6.6 ?g/ml).##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=3.3 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=3.3 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02072	SVMGTVKDLLIGAGKSAAQSVLKALSCKLSKDC	33	"Brevinin-2-OW3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana wuchuanensis (Chinese odorous frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity. 	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=10.5 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=21.0 ?g/ml).##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=10.5 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=10.5 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22029824] It shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22029824	J Proteome Res. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):306-319. 	"Yang X, Lee WH, Zhang Y."	Extremely abundant antimicrobial peptides existed in the skins of nine kinds of Chinese odorous frogs.
DRAMP02073	FLPAVIRVAANVLPTVFCAISKKC	24	"Brevinin-1JDa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	B3A0M4	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana jingdongensis (Jingdong frog) (Rana jingdongensis)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity. Has hemolytic activity against rabbit erythrocytes.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: contains one disulfide bonds."	"[Ref.22917879]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=16 ?g/ml), S. aureus (MRSA) (MIC=32 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=128 ?g/ml);##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=128 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22917879] It has 79.2 ± 6.8% hemolytic activity at 128 μg/mL against rabbit red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22917879	J Proteomics. 2012 Oct 22;75(18):5807-5821.	"Liu J, Jiang J, Wu Z, Xie F."	"Antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the Asian frog, Odorrana jingdongensis: De novo sequencing and analysis of tandem mass spectrometry data."
DRAMP02075	FLPAVLRVAAKVVPTVFCLISKKC	24	"Brevinin-1JDc (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	B3A0N0	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana jingdongensis (Jingdong frog) (Rana jingdongensis)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity. Has hemolytic activity against rabbit erythrocytes.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: contains one disulfide bonds."	"[Ref.22917879]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=16 ?g/ml), S. aureus (MRSA) (MIC=8 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=128 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22917879] It has 11.7 ± 3.2% hemolytic activity at 64 μg/mL and 88.4 ± 4.2% hemolytic activity at 128 μg/mL against rabbit red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22917879	J Proteomics. 2012 Oct 22;75(18):5807-5821.	"Liu J, Jiang J, Wu Z, Xie F."	"Antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the Asian frog, Odorrana jingdongensis: De novo sequencing and analysis of tandem mass spectrometry data."
DRAMP18376	GGGGGGHLVA	10	"Peptide fraction II (Gly-rich; insects, arthropods, invertebrates, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	"Hemolymph, Antheraea mylitta"	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"		Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Active against E. coli and P. aeruginosa.	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	28302399	Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2017 Mar 3. in press. 	"Dutta SR, Gauri SS, Ghosh T, Halder SK, DasMohapatra PK, Mondal KC, Ghosh AK."	Elucidation of structural and functional integration of a novel antimicrobial peptide from Antheraea mylitta.
DRAMP18377	MAGGKAGKDSGKAKAKAVSRSARAGLQFPVGRIHRHLK	38	"Sphistin (histone-derived, Crustaceans, arthropods, invertebrates, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	"haemolymphs, Scylla paramamosain"	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"		Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Active against G+ bacteria (S. aureus, C. glutamicum, B. subtilis, M. lysodeikticus, M. luteus) and G- bacteria (S. flexneri, P. stutzeri, and P. fluorescens) (MIC < 1.5 uM)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	25558400	Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2015 Dec;47(2):833-46.	"Chen B, Fan DQ, Zhu KX, Shan ZG, Chen FY, Hou L, Cai L, Wang KJ."	Mechanism study on a new antimicrobial peptide Sphistin derived from the N-terminus of crab histone H2A identified in haemolymphs of Scylla paramamosain.
DRAMP01745	LLPNLLKSLL	10	"Temporin-K (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P56923	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Brevinin subfamily.	Not found	Rana temporaria (European common frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria.	No MICs found in DRAMP database	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	9022710	Eur J Biochem. 1996 Dec 15;242(3):788-792.	"Simmaco M, Mignogna G, Canofeni S, Miele R, Mangoni ML, Barra D."	"Temporins, antimicrobial peptides from the European red frog Rana temporaria."
DRAMP01746	FVQWFSKFLGRIL	13	"Temporin-L (Temporin-1Tl; temporin-Tl; TL; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P57104	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Brevinin subfamily.	Not found	Rana temporaria (European common frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antiparasitic, Anti-cancer"	Protein level	Alpha helix	Not found	6GS5 resolved by NMR.	"Function: Antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
PTM: Leucine amide at position 13.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	No MICs found in DRAMP database	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	9022710	Eur J Biochem. 1996 Dec 15;242(3):788-792.	"Simmaco M, Mignogna G, Canofeni S, Miele R, Mangoni ML, Barra D."	"Temporins, antimicrobial peptides from the European red frog Rana temporaria."
DRAMP02078	FLPVVAGLAAKVLPSIICAVTKKC	24	"Brevinin-1SY (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82871	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana sylvatica (Wood frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=7 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=45 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	11042268	FEBS Lett. 2000 Oct 20;483(2-3):135-138.	"Matutte B, Storey KB, Knoop FC, Conlon JM."	"Induction: of synthesis of an antimicrobial peptide in the skin of the freeze-tolerant frog, Rana sylvatica, in response to environmental stimuli."
DRAMP04238	FFHLHFHY	8	PL-101	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Synthetic construct	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Synthetic	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria.	"[Ref.12569105] Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MEC=7 μg/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MEC=10 μg/ml).;##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MEC=3 μg/ml), MRSA (MEC=4 μg/ml) at PH 6.5."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	12569105	J Biol Chem. 2003 Apr 11;278(15):13546-53.	"Tincu JA, Menzel LP, Azimov R, Sands J, Hong T, Waring AJ, Taylor SW, Lehrer RI."	"Plicatamide, an antimicrobial octapeptide from Styela plicata hemocytes."
DRAMP02778	AHCLAIGRK	9	"Defensin (Insects, animals)"	O96049	Belongs to the invertebrate defensin family (Type 1 subfamil	Not found	Oryctes rhinoceros (Coconut rhinoceros beetle)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Bridge	Not found	None	Function: Shows very strong activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Has no hemolytic activity.	"[Ref.10561605] Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (MIC>50 ?g/ml);## Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC>50 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.10561605] Had no hemolytic activity against rabbit erythrocytes	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	10561605	Eur. J. Biochem. 1999;266:616-623.	"Ishibashi J, Yang J, Saido-Sakanaka H, Nakazawa H, Yamamoto M, Yamakawa M."	"Purification, cDNA cloning and modification of a defensin from the coconut rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros."
DRAMP02084	GIMDTLKNLAKTAGKGALQSLLNKASCKLSGQC	33	"Brevinin-2E (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P32413	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana esculenta (Edible frog) (Pelophylax esculentus)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Shows antibacterial activity against representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial species, and hemolytic activity."	"[Ref.8508915]Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megaterium Bm11 (MIC=0.2 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (MIC=2.0 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli D21 (MIC=0.5 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15692 (MIC>30 ?M)."	[Ref.8163497]LC50>100 μM against human red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	8508915	FEBS Lett. 1993 Jun 14;324(2):159-161.	"Simmaco M, Mignogna G, Barra D, Bossa F."	Novel antimicrobial peptides from skin secretion of the European frog Rana esculenta.
DRAMP02101	FLPLLAGVVANFLPQIICKIARKC	24	"Brevinin-1RTa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Amolops ricketti (Chinese sucker frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Brevinin-2RTb has antibacterial activity and hemolytic activity against rabbit red blood cells (LD50=100.0 ?g/ml) in vitro.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 27-33."	"[Ref.22100518]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=6.3 ?g/ml), Bacillus licheniformis X39 (MIC=25.0 ?g/ml), Rhodococcus rhodochrous X15 (MIC=3.1 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Serratia rubidaea X01 (MIC=NA ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1.50 (MIC=NA ?g/ml), Psychrobacter faecalis X29 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22100518]LD50=100 μg/ml against rabbit red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	22100518	Peptides. 2012 Jan;33(1):27-34.	"Wang H, Ran R, Yu H, Yu Z, Hu Y, Zheng H, Wang D, Yang F, Liu R, Liu J."	Identification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from skin of Amolops ricketti (Anura: Ranidae).
DRAMP02102	FLGSLLGLVGKVVPTLFCKISKKC	24	"Brevinin-1RTb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Amolops ricketti (Chinese sucker frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Brevinin-2RTb has antibacterial activity and hemolytic activity against rabbit red blood cells (LD50=200.0 ?g/ml) in vitro.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 27-33."	"[Ref.22100518]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=3.1 ?g/ml), Bacillus licheniformis X39 (MIC=25.0 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus carnosus KHS (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), Rhodococcus rhodochrous X15 (MIC=3.1 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Psychrobacter faecalis X29 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml)"	[Ref.22100518]LD50=200 μg/ml against rabbit red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	22100518	Peptides. 2012 Jan;33(1):27-34.	"Wang H, Ran R, Yu H, Yu Z, Hu Y, Zheng H, Wang D, Yang F, Liu R, Liu J."	Identification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from skin of Amolops ricketti (Anura: Ranidae).
DRAMP02104	GLMSTLKDFGKTAAKEIAQSLLSTASCKLAKTC	33	"Brevinin-2RTa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Amolops ricketti (Chinese sucker frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Brevinin-2RTb has antibacterial activity and hemolytic activity against rabbit red blood cells in vitro.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 27-33."	"[Ref.22100518]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), Bacillus licheniformis X39 (MIC=50.0 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus carnosus KHS (MIC=6.3 ?g/ml), Rhodococcus rhodochrous X15 (MIC=1.6 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Serratia rubidaea X01 (MIC=100.0 ?g/ml), Psychrobacter faecalis X29 (MIC=6.3 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22100518]LD50>400 μg/ml against rabbit red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	22100518	Peptides. 2012 Jan;33(1):27-34.	"Wang H, Ran R, Yu H, Yu Z, Hu Y, Zheng H, Wang D, Yang F, Liu R, Liu J."	Identification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from skin of Amolops ricketti (Anura: Ranidae).
DRAMP02105	GILDTLKEFGKTAAKGIAQSLLSTASCKLAKTC	33	"Brevinin-2RTb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Amolops ricketti (Chinese sucker frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Brevinin-2RTb has antibacterial activity and relatively low hemolytic activity (>400 ?g/ml) against rabbit red blood cells in vitro.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 27-33."	"[Ref.22100518]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=50.0 ?g/ml), Bacillus licheniformis X39 (MIC=200.0 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus carnosus KHS (MIC=100.0 ?g/ml), Rhodococcus rhodochrous X15 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Psychrobacter faecalis X29 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.22100518]LD50>400 μg/ml against rabbit red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	22100518	Peptides. 2012 Jan;33(1):27-34.	"Wang H, Ran R, Yu H, Yu Z, Hu Y, Zheng H, Wang D, Yang F, Liu R, Liu J."	Identification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from skin of Amolops ricketti (Anura: Ranidae).
DRAMP02114	AWLDKLKSLGKVVGKVALGVAQNYLNPQQ	29	"Raniseptin-1 (Rsp-1; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P86037	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Dermaseptin subfamily)	Not found	Hypsiboas raniceps (Chaco tree frog) (Hyla roeschmanni)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity against Gram-negative as well as Gram-positive bacteria. And has hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	"[Ref.18976634]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=5 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=10 ?M), Xanthomonas citri (MIC<2 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29313 (MIC=20 ?M)."	[Ref.18976634]20% hemolytic activity at 80 μM against human red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	18976634	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Dec 26;377(4):1057-1061.	"Magalh?es BS, Melo JA, Leite JR, Silva LP, Prates MV, Vinecky F, Barbosa EA, Verly RM, Mehta A, Nicoli JR, Bemquerer MP, Andrade AC, Bloch C Jr."	Post-secretory events alter the peptide content of the skin secretion of Hypsiboas raniceps.
DRAMP02125	IFGAILPLALGALKNLIK	18	"Hylin-a1 (Hy-a1; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P85982	Not found	Not found	Hypsiboas albopunctatus (Spotted tree frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix	Not found	2N0O resolved by NMR.	"Function: Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria and the Gram-negative bacteria. Has hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	"[Ref.19056441]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25926 (MIC=8 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (MIC=16 ?M), Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19659 (MIC=8 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=32 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=64 ?M);##Fungi: Candida albicans ATCC 90028 (MIC=16.7 ?M), C. krusei ATCC 6258 (MIC=16.7 ?M), C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019 (MIC=67 ?M), Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 90012 (MIC=33.5 ?M)"	[Ref.19056441]HC50=18 μM against human erythrocytes	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	19056441	Peptides. 2009 Feb;30(2):291-296.	"Castro MS, Ferreira TC, Cilli EM, Crusca E Jr, Mendes-Giannini MJ, Sebben A, Ricart CA, Sousa MV, Fontes W."	"Hylin a1, the first cytolytic peptide isolated from the arboreal South American frog Hypsiboas albopunctatus (spotted treefrog)."
DRAMP02127	GLLGGLLGPLLGGGGGGGGGLL	22	"Leptoglycin (Gly-rich; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P86267	Not found	Not found	Leptodactylus pentadactylus (Smokey jungle frog) (Rana pentadactyla)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antimicrobial protein. Has antibacterial activity but not against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus and Enterococcus faecalis, yeasts Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis and dermatophytes fungi Microsporum canis and Trichophyton rubrum. No hemolytic activity was observed at the 2-200 microM range concentration.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	"[Ref.19298834]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 28922 (MIC=50 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 (MIC=8 ?M);##Fungi: Citrobacter freundii ATCC 8090 (MIC=75 ?M)"	[Ref.19298834]Non-hemolytic activity was observed at 2-200 μM concentration	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	19298834	Toxicon. 2009 Jul;54(1):23-32.	"Sousa JC, Berto RF, Gois EA, Fontenele-Cardi NC, Honório JE Jr, Konno K, Richardson M, Rocha MF, Camargo AA, Pimenta DC, Cardi BA, Carvalho KM."	Leptoglycin: a new glycine/leucine-rich antimicrobial peptide isolated from the skin secretion of the South American frog Leptodactylus pentadactylus (Leptodactylidae).
DRAMP02128	FLGGILNTITGLL	13	"Kassorin-S (PreproKassorin-S; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	E6ZBE2	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Kassina senegalensis (Senegal running frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antimicrobial peptide. Has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. Lacks ability to induce contraction of smooth muscle in isolated guinea pig urinary bladder. Elicits histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=30 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=100 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	21040978	Mol Immunol. 2011 Jan;48(4):442-451.	"Chen H, Wang L, Zeller M, Hornshaw M, Wu Y, Zhou M, Li J, Hang X, Cai J, Chen T, Shaw C."	"Kassorins: novel innate immune system peptides from skin secretions of the African hyperoliid frogs, Kassina maculata and Kassina senegalensis."
DRAMP02129	FIKELLPHLSGIIDSVANAIK	21	"Kasstasin (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	G0LWV9	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Kassina maculata (African rhacophorid frog) (Hylambates maculatus)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Peptide with potent vasoconstrictor properties. Has moderate antimicrobial activity. Not active against fungus C. albicans. Has hemolytic activity against horse erythrocytes.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin dorsal glands.
Miscellaneous: Kasstasin is a derivation of Kassina, the taxon of origin, and the Ancient Greek word 'stasis' meaning 'stoppage of flow'."	[Ref.21624426]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=55 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=110 ?M).	[Ref.21624426]12.8% hemolytic activity at 125 μM against defibrinated horse blood	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	21624426	Biochimie. 2011 Sep;93(9):1537-1542.	"Li X, Feng W, Zhou M, Ma C, Chen T, Zeller M, Hornshaw M, Wang L, Shaw C."	"Kasstasin: A novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide from the skin secretion of the African red-legged running frog, Kassina maculata."
DRAMP02130	GFLGPLLKLAAKGVAKVIPHLIPSRQQ	27	"Antimicrobial peptide 1 (XT-1; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P84387	Not found	Not found	Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (Silurana tropicalis)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus and Gram-negative bacterium E.coli and stronger activity against yeast C. albicans. Enhances the antibacterial activity of XT3. Has hemolytic activity against human red blood cells .
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	[Ref.11738090]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=5 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=6 ?M);##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=50 ?M)	[Ref.11738090]HC50=90 μM against human erythrocytes	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	11738090	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001 Nov 26;1550(1):81-89.	"Ali MF, Soto A, Knoop FC, Conlon JM."	"Antimicrobial peptides isolated from skin secretions of the diploid frog, Xenopus tropicalis (Pipidae)."
DRAMP02131	GVWSTVLGGLKKFAKGGLEAIVNPK	25	"Antimicrobial peptide 2 (XT-2; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P84382	Not found	Not found	Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (Silurana tropicalis)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has very strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus and very weak activity against Gram-negative bacterium E. coli.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC>100 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=8 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane	11738090	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001 Nov 26;1550(1):81-89.	"Ali MF, Soto A, Knoop FC, Conlon JM."	"Antimicrobial peptides isolated from skin secretions of the diploid frog, Xenopus tropicalis (Pipidae)."
DRAMP02133	GVFLDALKKFAKGGMNAVLNPK	22	"Antimicrobial peptide 4 (XT-4; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P84384	Not found	Not found	Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (Silurana tropicalis)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus and yeast C. albicans, and very weak activity against Gram-negative bacterium E.coli. Has strong hemolytic activity against human red blood cells.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	[Ref.11738090]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC>100 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=18 ?M);##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC>100 ?M).	[Ref.11738090]HC50>150 μM against human erythrocytes	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane	11738090	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001 Nov 26;1550(1):81-89.	"Ali MF, Soto A, Knoop FC, Conlon JM."	"Antimicrobial peptides isolated from skin secretions of the diploid frog, Xenopus tropicalis (Pipidae)."
DRAMP02135	GFLGSLLKTGLKVGSNLL	18	"Antimicrobial peptide 6 (XT-6; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P84386	Not found	Not found	Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (Silurana tropicalis)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus and Gram-negative bacterium E.coli and strong activity against yeast C. albicans. Enhances the antibacterial activity of XT3. Has hemolytic activity against human red blood cells.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	"[Ref.11738090]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=5 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=5 ?M);##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=40 ?M);##Clinical isolates: Staphylococcus aureus 8325 (MIC=6 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (MIC=7 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis 1420129 (MIC=3 ?M), S. saprophyticus 1950556 (MIC=13 ?M), Escherichia coli 25922 (MIC=6 ?M), Streptococcus group C 1541035 (MIC=3 ?M), Shigella sonnei 1840187 (MIC=35 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 0380972 (MIC=60 ?M), Enterobacter cloacae 1441323 (MIC=35 ?M)"	[Ref.11738090]HC50=70 μM against human erythrocytes	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane	11738090	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001 Nov 26;1550(1):81-89.	"Ali MF, Soto A, Knoop FC, Conlon JM."	"Antimicrobial peptides isolated from skin secretions of the diploid frog, Xenopus tropicalis (Pipidae)."
DRAMP02136	GLLGPLLKIAAKVGSNLL	18	"Antimicrobial peptide 7 (XT-7; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P84381	Not found	Not found	Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (Silurana tropicalis)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix 	Not found	None	"Function: Has very strong antibacterial activity against many Gram-negative bacteria and the Gram-positive bacteria S.pneumoniae and Enterococcus sp. There is moderate antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative bacterium P.aeruginosa and yeast C. albicans and weaker activity against the Streptococcal strains and E.coli. Has hemolytic activity against human red blood cells (HC50=70 ?M). Seems to disrupt the membranes by adopting an alpha-helical conformation.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Amidation on Leu-18 is required to adopt an alpha-helical conformation in a hydrophobic solvent. The absence of amidation leads to a decrease in cationicity leading to a more than a 10-fold decrease in antimicrobial activities."	"Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=5 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=5 ?M);##yeast Candida albicans (MIC=40 ?M).##Clinical isolates: Staphylococcus aureus 8325 (MIC=6 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (MIC=7 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis 1420129 (MIC=3 ?M), S. saprophyticus 1950556 (MIC=13 ?M), Escherichia coli 25922 (MIC=6 ?M), Streptococcus group C 1541035 (MIC=3 ?M), Shigella sonnei 1840187 (MIC=35 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 0380972 (MIC=60 ?M), Enterobacter cloacae 1441323 (MIC=35 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane	11738090	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001 Nov 26;1550(1):81-89.	"Ali MF, Soto A, Knoop FC, Conlon JM."	"Antimicrobial peptides isolated from skin secretions of the diploid frog, Xenopus tropicalis (Pipidae)."
DRAMP02142	GFLGPLLKLGLKGVAKVLPHLIPSRQQ	27	"CPF-SP1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (Silurana tropicalis)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Acinetobacter baumannii (MIC=12,5; Klebsiella pneumoniae=25 "	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	21498136	Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics. 2011 Jun;6(2):206-212.	"Mechkarska M, Eman A, Coquet L, Jér?me L, Jouenne T, Vaudry H, King JD, Takada K, Conlon JM."	Genome duplications within the Xenopodinae do not increase the multiplicity of antimicrobial peptides in Silurana paratropicalis and Xenopus andrei skin secretions.
DRAMP02219	GILSSFKGVAKGVAKNLAGKLLDELKCKITGC	32	"Ranatuerin-2AUa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana aurora aurora (Northern red-legged frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Activity against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (minimum inhibitory concentrations<20 ?M) but low hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes. 	"[Ref.15325526]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=5 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=5 ?M), Enterobacter cloacae (MIC=5 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=10 ?M), P. mirabilis (MIC>40 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=20 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=20 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC>40 ?M), Streptococcus Group B (MIC=20 ?M);##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC>40 ?M)"	[Ref.15325526]HC50=290 μM against human erythrocytes	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15325526	Dev Comp Immunol. 2005;29(1):83-90.	"Conlon JM, Sonnevend A, Davidson C, Demandt A, Jouenne T."	Host-defense peptides isolated from the skin secretions of the Northern red-legged frog Rana aurora aurora.
DRAMP02220	GIMDTVKNVAKNLAGQLLDKLKCKITAC	28	"Ranatuerin-2PLa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	A7WNV6	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana palustris (North America pickerel frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: May have antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 23-28."	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=25 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	11087945	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Nov 30;1543(1):95-105.	"Basir YJ, Knoop FC, Dulka J, Conlon JM."	"Multiple antimicrobial peptides and peptides related to bradykinin and neuromedin N isolated from skin secretions of the pickerel frog, Rana palustris."
DRAMP02221	GIMDTVKNAAKDLAGQLLDKLKCRITGC	28	"Ranatuerin-2PLb (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana palustris (North America pickerel frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: May have antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=3 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	11087945	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Nov 30;1543(1):95-105.	"Basir YJ, Knoop FC, Dulka J, Conlon JM."	"Multiple antimicrobial peptides and peptides related to bradykinin and neuromedin N isolated from skin secretions of the pickerel frog, Rana palustris."
DRAMP02222	GLLDTIKNTAKNLAVGLLDKIKCKMTGC	28	"Ranatuerin-2PLc (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana palustris (North America pickerel frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: May have antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=3 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	11087945	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Nov 30;1543(1):95-105.	"Basir YJ, Knoop FC, Dulka J, Conlon JM."	"Multiple antimicrobial peptides and peptides related to bradykinin and neuromedin N isolated from skin secretions of the pickerel frog, Rana palustris."
DRAMP02223	GIMDSVKNVAKNIAGQLLDKLKCKITGC	28	"Ranatuerin-2PLd (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana palustris (North America pickerel frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: May have antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=16 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	11087945	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Nov 30;1543(1):95-105.	"Basir YJ, Knoop FC, Dulka J, Conlon JM."	"Multiple antimicrobial peptides and peptides related to bradykinin and neuromedin N isolated from skin secretions of the pickerel frog, Rana palustris."
DRAMP02224	GIMDSVKNAAKNLAGQLLDTIKCKITAC	28	"Ranatuerin-2PLe (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana palustris (North America pickerel frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: May have antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=25 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	11087945	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Nov 30;1543(1):95-105.	"Basir YJ, Knoop FC, Dulka J, Conlon JM."	"Multiple antimicrobial peptides and peptides related to bradykinin and neuromedin N isolated from skin secretions of the pickerel frog, Rana palustris."
DRAMP02225	GIMDTVKNAAKDLAGQLDKLKCRITGC	27	"Ranatuerin-2PLf (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana palustris (North America pickerel frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: May have antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=23 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	11087945	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Nov 30;1543(1):95-105.	"Basir YJ, Knoop FC, Dulka J, Conlon JM."	"Multiple antimicrobial peptides and peptides related to bradykinin and neuromedin N isolated from skin secretions of the pickerel frog, Rana palustris."
DRAMP18494	FIHHIIGGLFSAGKAIHRLIRRRRR	25	TP4	L0CKG3	Piscidin	TP4	Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) (Tilapia nilotica)	"Antibacterial, Antifungal, anticancer, wound healing, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antimicrobial"	Protein level	Alpha helix	"1.0x sarkosyl can drive TP4 into a conformational change from a non-structure to an alpha-helical structure, and that LPS can also drive TP4 to an alpha-helical structure but with high hydrophobicity and low solubility."	5H2S	Function: Antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Antifungal activity. Has hemolytic activity.	"[Ref.29040295] Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=8 μg/ml; MBC=16 μg/ml), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=16 μg/ml; MBC=32 μg/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=64 μg/ml; MBC=128 μg/ml);##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=128 μg/ml; MBC=128 μg/ml)"	"[Ref.29040295] 2% hemolysis at 0.78 μg/ml, 5% hemolysis at 1.56 μg/ml, 45% hemolysis at 3.13 μg/ml, 85% hemolysis at 6.25 μg/ml, 98% hemolysis at 12.50 μg/ml, 100% hemolysis at 25.00 μg/ml against mouse red blood cell"	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	"bacterial outer membrane target protein, OprI-binding"	29040295	PLoS One. 2017 Oct 17;12(10):e0186442. 	"Chang TW, Wei SY, Wang SH, Wei HM, Wang YJ, Wang CF, Chen C, Liao YD."	"Hydrophobic residues are critical for the helix-forming, hemolytic and bactericidal activities of amphipathic antimicrobial peptide TP4."
DRAMP03002	GIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWIKRKRQQ	26	"Melittin (Allergen Api m 3; Allergen Api m III; Insects, animals)"	"P01501,P01503"	Belongs to the melittin family	MELT	Apis mellifera (Honeybee)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix 	Not found	"2MLT, 3QRX, 1BH1"	"Function: Main toxin of bee venom with strong hemolytic activity. Forms a pore in the cell membrane by inserting into lipid bilayers in an alpha-helical conformation and has multiple effects, probably, as a result of its interaction with negatively charged phospholipids. It inhibits well known transport pumps such as the Na+-K+-ATPase and the H+-K+-ATPase. It increases the permeability of cell membranes to ions, particularly Na+ and indirectly Ca2+, because of the Na+-Ca2+-exchange. It acts synergistically with phospholipase A2. "	"[Ref.29783753] Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (MIC=2 μM), Listeria monocytogenes CMCC 54004 (MIC=1 μM);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=1 μM), Escherichia coli UB 1005 (MIC=2 μM), Salmonella pullorum C7913 (MIC=8 μM), Salmonella enterica subsp enterica CMCC 50071 (MIC=2 μM)"	[Ref.29859288] MHC=1 μM against human red blood cell.##[Ref.2978375] 46.80% hemolysis at 2μM against human red blood cell##[Ref.20472009] Wild-type melittin:AVG ± S.D.(%)=0.077±0.002 (35) against human red blood cell.	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane (forms a transmembrane alpha-helix in the cell membrane.)	29859288##29783753##6309516##20472009##20403370##5300771	Gene. 2018 May 30. pii: S0378-1119(18)30617-6.##Molecules. 2018 May 19;23(5). pii: E1220. ##Eur J Biochem. 1983 Sep 1;135(1):123-126.##Peptides. 2010 Aug;31(8):1473-1479.##Toxicon. 2010 Sep 1;56(3):355-362.##Res Dev Tech Rep. 1967 Dec 5:1-13.	"Wanmakok M, Orrapin S, Intorasoot A, Intorasoot S.##Hou J, Liu Z, Cao S, Wang H, Jiang C, Hussain MA, Pang S.##Vlasak R, Unger-Ullmann C, Kreil G, Frischauf AM.##Sciani JM, Marques-Porto R, Louren?o Junior A, Orsi Rde O, Ferreira Junior RS, Barraviera B, Pimenta DC.##Ferreira Junior RS, Sciani JM, Marques-Porto R, Junior AL, Orsi Rde O, Barraviera B, Pimenta DC.##Fennell JF, Shipman WH, Cole LJ."	Expression in Escherichia coli of novel recombinant hybrid antimicrobial peptide AL32-P113 with enhanced antimicrobial activity in vitro.##Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity and Low Cytotoxicity against Human Cells of a Peptide Derived from Bovine AlphaS1-Casein.##Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA coding for honeybee prepromelittin.##Identification of a novel melittin isoform from Africanized Apis mellifera venom.##Africanized honey bee (Apis mellifera) venom profiling: Seasonal variation of
DRAMP02233	FISAIASMLGKFL	13	"Ranatuerin-6 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82821	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Lithobates catesbeiana (American bullfrog) (Rana catesbeiana)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Antiviral"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	This peptide could inhibit HIV infection <10% at a concentration that is also toxic to T cells (J Virol 2005; 79:11598-11606).	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=100 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	9784389	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Sep 29;250(3):589-592.	"Goraya J, Knoop FC, Conlon JM."	"Ranatuerins: antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skin of the American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana."
DRAMP02234	FLSAIASMLGKFL	13	"Ranatuerin-7 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82822	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Lithobates catesbeiana (American bullfrog) (Rana catesbeiana)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=200 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	9784389	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Sep 29;250(3):589-592.	"Goraya J, Knoop FC, Conlon JM."	"Ranatuerins: antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skin of the American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana."
DRAMP02235	FISAIASFLGKFL	13	"Ranatuerin-8 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82823	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Lithobates catesbeiana (American bullfrog) (Rana catesbeiana)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=130 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	9784389	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Sep 29;250(3):589-592.	"Goraya J, Knoop FC, Conlon JM."	"Ranatuerins: antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skin of the American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana."
DRAMP02236	FLFPLITSFLSKVL	14	"Ranatuerin-9 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82824	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Lithobates catesbeiana (American bullfrog) (Rana catesbeiana)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Antiviral"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"This peptide was found to be HIV active, EC50= 16.7 uM (Wang, G et al., 2010 Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54: 1343)."	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=130 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	9784389	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Sep 29;250(3):589-592.	"Goraya J, Knoop FC, Conlon JM."	"Ranatuerins: antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skin of the American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana."
DRAMP02237	GLMDTIKGVAKTVAASWLDKLKCKITGC	28	"Ranatuerin-2Ya (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Not found	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. Ranatuerin-2Ya showed appreciably greater cytolytic activity against HepG2 cells (LC(50)=20microM) than against erythrocytes (LC(50)>100microM).	[Ref.19254736] Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=50 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=50 ?M).	[Ref.19254736] LC50>100 μM against human red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	19254736	Toxicon. 2009 Jun;53(7-8):699-705. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.02.018.	"Conlon JM, Ahmed E, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Leprince J, Vaudry H, King JD."	"Peptides with potent cytolytic activity from the skin secretions of the North American leopard frogs, Lithobates blairi and Lithobates yavapaiensis."
DRAMP02238	GLADYWRTAFRANFANLGPGIRCKSARC	28	"Ranatuerin-2ZHa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana zhenhaiensis (Chinese brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2592 (MIC=1 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=2 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 (MIC=6 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC>32 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	22943778	Zoolog Sci. 2012 Sep;29(9):553-558.	"Xu B, Che H, Kang L, Zheng S, Mu S, Wan F."	"Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from the Skin of Brown Frog, Rana zhenhaiensis."
DRAMP02239	SMISVLKNLGKVGLGFVACKVNKQC	25	"Ranatuerin-1Ga (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana grylio (North American pig frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=3.5 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=60 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=110 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	10828493	Regul Pept. 2000 Jun 30;90(1-3):53-60.	"Kim JB, Halverson T, Basir YJ, Dulka J, Knoop FC, Abel PW, Conlon JM."	Purification and characterization of antimicrobial and vasorelaxant peptides from skin extracts and skin secretions of the North American pig frog Rana grylio.
DRAMP02241	GLLLDTLKGAAKDIAGIALEKLKCKITGCKP	31	"Ranatuerin-2G (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana grylio (North American pig frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=19 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=150 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	10828493	Regul Pept. 2000 Jun 30;90(1-3):53-60.	"Kim JB, Halverson T, Basir YJ, Dulka J, Knoop FC, Abel PW, Conlon JM."	Purification and characterization of antimicrobial and vasorelaxant peptides from skin extracts and skin secretions of the North American pig frog Rana grylio.
DRAMP01390	TSRCYIGYRRKVVCS	15	"Odorranain-T1 (OdT1; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	A6MBS1	Not found	Not found	Odorrana grahami (Yunnanfu frog) (Rana grahami)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Transcript level	Not found	Odorranain-T1 adopts 28.2% turn structure in water solution.	None	Function: Odorranain-T1 exhibites moderate antimicrobial activities against all of the tested microbes.	"[Ref.17272268] Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=17.50 μg/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=35.00 μg/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=17.50 μg/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=8.75 μg/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	17272268	Mol Cell Proteomics. 2007 May;6(5):882-894.	"Li J, Xu X, Xu C, Zhou W, Zhang K, Yu H, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Rees HH, Lai R, Yang D, Wu J."	Anti-infection peptidomics of amphibian skin.
DRAMP01389	FLPPSPWKETFRTS	14	"Odorranain-S1 (OdS1; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"A6MBS0, A6MBR9"	Not found	Not found	Odorrana grahami (Yunnanfu frog) (Rana grahami)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Transcript level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Odorranain-S1 exhibites moderate antimicrobial activities against all of the tested microbes.	"[Ref.17272268] Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=42.50 μg/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=21.25 μg/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=85.00 μg/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=21.25 μg/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	17272268	Mol Cell Proteomics. 2007 May;6(5):882-894.	"Li J, Xu X, Xu C, Zhou W, Zhang K, Yu H, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Rees HH, Lai R, Yang D, Wu J."	Anti-infection peptidomics of amphibian skin.
DRAMP02251	GILSSFKGVAKGVAKDLAGKLLETLKCKITGC	32	"Ranatuerin-2CSa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana cascadae (Cascades frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Alpha helix (4 helices; 25 residues)	"In a 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE-d(3))-H(2)O solvent mixture, the structure is characterised by a full length helix-turn-helix conformation between residues I(2)-L(21), L(22)-L(25) and K(26)-T(30), respectively."	2K10 resolved by NMR.	Function: Has antibacterial activiy against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Also has Hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes. 	[Ref.17451843]Gram-negative bacterium:Escherichia coli ATCC 25726 (MIC=5 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=10 ?M)	[Ref.17451843] LD50=150 μM against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys32)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys32.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17451843##18387372	Peptides. 2007 Jun;28(6):1268-1274.##Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008 Jun;1784(6):924-929.	"Conlon JM, Al-Dhaheri A, Al-Mutawa E, Al-Kharrge R, Ahmed E, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Nielsen PF, Davidson C.##Subasinghage AP, Conlon JM, Hewage CM."	"Peptide defenses of the Cascades frog Rana cascadae: implications for the evolutionary history of frogs of the Amerana species group.##Conformational analysis of the broad-spectrum antibacterial peptide, ranatuerin-2CSa: identification of a full length helix-turn-helix motif."
DRAMP02252	GLLDAIKDTAQNLFANVLDKIKCKFTKC	28	"Ranatuerin 2SKa (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana sakuraii (Japanese brown frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=50 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC>50 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC>50 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys23 and Cys28)	Disulfide bond between Cys23 and Cys28.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17174009	Peptides. 2007 Mar;28(3):505-514.	"Suzuki H, Iwamuro S, Ohnuma A, Coquet L, Leprince J, Jouenne T, Vaudry H, Taylor CK, Abel PW, Conlon JM."	Expression of genes encoding antimicrobial and bradykinin-related peptides in skin of the stream brown frog Rana sakuraii.
DRAMP01108	GIGTKILGGVKTALKGALKELASTYVN	27	"Maximin-2 (Toads, amphibians, animals)"	"P83081, P83086, Q58T49"	Belongs to the bombinin family	Not found	Bombina maxima (Giant fire-bellied toad) (Chinese red belly toad)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Maximins are linear cationic peptides and easy to form membrane pore and they may induce a detergent-type disruption of sperm membrane like in the case of magainins.	None	"Function: Antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Has little hemolytic activity. 
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	"[Ref.11835991] Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=19.5 ?g/ml), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=9 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2592 (MIC=19.5 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=19.5 ?g/ml), Bacillus megatherium (MIC=19.5 ?g/ml), Bacillus dysenteriae (MIC=2.7 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=3 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:11835991]Little hemolytic activity at 50 μg/ml against red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane	15770703##11835991	Eur J Immunol. 2005 Apr;35(4):1220-9.##Peptides. 2002 Mar;23(3):427-435.	"Lee WH, Li Y, Lai R, Li S, Zhang Y, Wang W.##Lai R, Zheng YT, Shen JH, Liu GJ, Liu H, Lee WH, Tang SZ, Zhang Y."	Variety of antimicrobial peptides in the Bombina maxima toad and evidence of their rapid diversification.##Antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima.
DRAMP03998	RKKWFW	6	PAF26 (Trp-rich; combinatorial library)	No entry found 	Not found	Not found	Synthetic construct	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Synthetic	Rich	"In general, positively charged residues (arginine or lysine) and residues with aromatic rings (tryptophan or phenylalanine) rendered antifungal activity."	None	"Function: Antibacterial against Gram-negative bacterium. The antifungal mixture is also antibacterial, with a predominance of basic and aromatic residues."	"[Ref.11976121] Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli DH5α (MIC=160 ?M, IC50>80 ?M);##Fungi: Penicillium digitatum PHI-26 (MIC=20 ?M, IC50=11 ± 1 ?M), Penicillium italicum PHI-1 (MIC=40 ?M,  IC50=22 ± 3 ?M), Botrytis cinerea CECT2100 (MIC=60 ?M, IC50=38 ± 24 ?M), Fusarium oxysporum CECT2866 (MIC=80 ?M, IC50=45 ± 4 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	11976121	Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 May;68(5):2453-60.	"López-García B, Pérez-Payá E, Marcos JF."	Identification of novel hexapeptides bioactive against phytopathogenic fungi through screening of a synthetic peptide combinatorial library.
DRAMP01107	GIGTKILGGVKTALKGALKELASTYAN	27	"Maximin-1 (Toads, amphibians, animals)"	"P83080, Q58T87"	Belongs to the bombinin family	Not found	Bombina maxima (Giant fire-bellied toad) (Chinese red belly toad)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal, Antiviral, Anti-cancer"	Protein level	Not found	Maximins are linear cationic peptides and easy to form membrane pore and they may induce a detergent-type disruption of sperm membrane like in the case of magainins.	None	"Function: Antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Has little hemolytic activity. Possess a significant cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines. Possess a significant anti-HIV activity. High spermicidal activity.
Toxic dose: LD50 is 8.2 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection into mice.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	"[Ref.11835991] Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=19.5 ?g/ml), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=9 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2592 (MIC=19.5 ?g/ml), Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB 10104 (MIC=19.5 ?g/ml), Bacillus megatherium (MIC=19.5 ?g/ml), Bacillus dysenteriae (MIC=2.7 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=3 ?g/ml);##Virus: HIV-1 (IC50=15.5 ?g/ml, EC50=21.4 ?g/ml);##Cancer cell lines: C8166 (IC50=15.3 ?g/ml), Molt-4 (IC50=24.3 ?g/ml), BIU-87 (IC50=20.5 ?g/ml), T24 (IC50=35.4 ?g/ml)."	[Ref:11835991]Little hemolytic activity at 50 μg/ml against red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane	15770703##11835991	Eur J Immunol. 2005 Apr;35(4):1220-9.##Peptides. 2002 Mar;23(3):427-435.	"Lee WH, Li Y, Lai R, Li S, Zhang Y, Wang W.##Lai R, Zheng YT, Shen JH, Liu GJ, Liu H, Lee WH, Tang SZ, Zhang Y."	Variety of antimicrobial peptides in the Bombina maxima toad and evidence of their rapid diversification.##Antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima.
DRAMP02268	GWASKIGQTLGKIAKVGLKELIQPK	25	"Xenopsin precursor fragment (XPF; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P07198	Belongs to the magainin family	Not found	Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: XPF has antimicrobial activity.
Tissue specificity: XPF is synthesized in the stomach and stored in a novel granular multinucleated cell in the gastric mucosa, it is stored as active, processed peptides in large granules within the granular gland secretions of the skin."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=16-31 ?g/ml), K. Pneumonae (MIC=62-125 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=125-250 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=250-500 ?g/ml), Streptococcus faecalis (MIC=250-500 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=250-500 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	1717472	J Biol Chem. 1991 Oct 15;266(29):19851-19857.	"Moore KS, Bevins CL, Brasseur MM, Tomassini N, Turner K, Eck H, Zasloff M."	Antimicrobial peptides in the stomach of Xenopus laevis.
DRAMP02269	GVLSNVIGYLKKLGTGALNAVLKQ	24	"Antimicrobial peptide PGQ (PGQ; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P39080	Belongs to the magainin family	pgq	Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix(potential)	Not found	None	"Function: Antimicrobial peptide.
Tissue specificity: Is synthesized in the stomach and stored in a novel granular multinucleated cell in the gastric mucosa. It is stored as active, processed peptides in large granules within the granular gland secretions of the skin."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=62-250 ?g/ml), K. Pneumonae (MIC=125-250 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=250-500 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=250-500 ?g/ml), Streptococcus faecalis (MIC=250-500 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=250-500 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	1717472	J Biol Chem. 1991 Oct 15;266(29):19851-19857.	"Moore KS, Bevins CL, Brasseur MM, Tomassini N, Turner K, Eck H, Zasloff M."	Antimicrobial peptides in the stomach of Xenopus laevis.
DRAMP02271	GIGKFLHSAKKFGKAFVGEIMNS	23	"Magainin-2 (Magainin II; chain of Magainins; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	C0HKN6	Belongs to the gastrin/cholecystokinin family. Magainin subfamily.	N/A	Xenopus ruwenzoriensis (Uganda clawed frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal, Antiprotozoal"	Protein level	Alpha helix	"The secondary structure is shown to be helical in dodecylphosphocholine micelles, sodium dodecylsulfate micelles, and trifluoroethanol/water solution."	"2MAG, 2LSA resolved by NMR."	"Function: Antimicrobial peptides that inhibit the growth of numerous species of bacteria and fungi and induce osmotic lysis of protozoa. Magainins are membrane lytic agents.
Tissue specificity: Synthesized in the stomach and stored in a novel granular multinucleated cell in the gastric mucosa. It is stored as active, processed peptides in large granules within the granular gland secretions of the skin."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli D31 (MIC=5 ?g/ml), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=10 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas putida (MIC=10 ?g/ml), Citrobacter freundii (MIC=30 ?g/ml), Enterobacter cloacae (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Serratia marcescens (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Proteus mirabilis (MIC>100 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=10 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Streptococcus fecalis (MIC>100 ?g/ml).##Protozoa: Paramecium caudatum (MIC=10 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=80 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	3299384##9090128##PubMed ID is not available	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Aug;84(15):5449-5453.##J Biomol NMR. 1997 Feb;9(2):127-135.##To be Published.	"Zasloff M.##Gesell J, Zasloff M, Opella SJ.##Vermeer LS, Kozlowska J, Lorenz CD, Mason JA."	"Magainins, a class of antimicrobial peptides from Xenopus skin: isolation, characterization of two active forms, and partial cDNA sequence of a precursor.##Two-dimensional 1H NMR experiments show that the 23-residue magainin antibiotic peptide is an alpha-helix in dodecylphosphocholine micelles, sodium dodecylsulfate micelles, and trifluoroethanol/water solution.##All Atom Simulations of the Initial Binding of Magainin and Pleurocidin to Membranes Comprising a Mixture of Anionic and Zwitterionic"
DRAMP02272	GMASKAGAIAGKIAKVALKAL	21	"PGLa (chain of PYLa/PGLa A; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"Q99134, B7ZSG6, Q91826"	Belongs to the gastrin/cholecystokinin family (Magainin subfamily)	pgla-a AND pgla-b	Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: PGLa display a broad-spectrum of antibacterial activity against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. PGLa also displays antifungal activity against C. albicans ATCC 14053.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands. Synthesized in the stomach and stored in a novel granular multinucleated cell in the gastric mucosa. Stored as active, processed peptides in large granules within the granular gland secretions of the skin.
PTM: Leucine amide at position 21."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli 25922 (MIC=62-125 ?g/ml), Klebsiella pneumoniae 13883 (MIC=250-500 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853 (MIC=250-500 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus 29213 (MIC=125-500 ?g/ml), Strepococcus faecalis (MIC>500 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans 14053 (MIC=250-500 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	3606567##1717472	Biochem J. 1987 Apr 1;243(1):113-120.##J Biol Chem. 1991 Oct 15;266(29):19851-19857.	"Giovannini MG, Poulter L, Gibson BW, Williams DH.##Moore KS, Bevins CL, Brasseur MM, Tomassini N, Turner K, Eck H, Zasloff M."	Biosynthesis and degradation of peptides derived from Xenopus laevis prohormones.##Antimicrobial peptides in the stomach of Xenopus laevis.
DRAMP02273	KIAKVALKAL	10	"PGLa-H (chain of PYLa/PGLa A; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"Q99134, B7ZSG6, Q91826"	Belongs to the gastrin/cholecystokinin family (Magainin subfamily)	pgla-a AND pgla-b	Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: PGLa-H display a broad-spectrum of antibacterial activity against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. PGLa-H shows moderate antibacterial activity against the multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) but exhibits hemolytic activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands. Synthesized in the stomach and stored in a novel granular multinucleated cell in the gastric mucosa. Stored as active, processed peptides in large granules within the granular gland secretions of the skin.
PTM: Leucine amide at position 10."	"[Ref.22014884]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=8.7 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=14.4 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (MIC=67.8 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=23.6 ?g/ml)"	"[Ref.22014884]3.15% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/mL, 7.95% hemolytic activity at 200 μg/mL against rabbit red blood cells"	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	22014884##1717472	Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2011 Dec;38(6):510-515.##J Biol Chem. 1991 Oct 15;266(29):19851-19857.	"Hou F, Li J, Pan P, Xu J, Liu L, Liu W, Song B, Li N, Wan J, Gao H.##Moore KS, Bevins CL, Brasseur MM, Tomassini N, Turner K, Eck H, Zasloff M."	Isolation and characterisation of a new antimicrobial peptide from the skin of Xenopus laevis.##Antimicrobial peptides in the stomach of Xenopus laevis.
DRAMP02274	SAPRGCWTKSYPPKPCK	17	"Ranacyclin-E (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P83663	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Rana esculenta (Edible frog) (Pelophylax esculentus)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity. The mature peptide inserts into the hydrophobic core of the bacterial cell membrane and increases permeability without disrupting membrane integrity. Probably binds to the outer membrane surface before aggregating to form transmembrane pores. Has hemolytic activity. Probably binds to the outer membrane surface before aggregating to form transmembrane pores.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin granular glands."	"[Ref.14636071]Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megaterium Bm11 (MIC=3 ?M), Staphylococcus lentus (MIC=7 ?M), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=5 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Yersinia pseudotuberculosis YP III (MIC=9 ?M), Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci (MIC=80 ?M);##Fungi: Candida tropicalis (MIC=7.4 ?M), C. guillermondii (MIC=3.4 ?M), Phytophthora nicotianae spores (MIC=32 ?M)."	[Ref.14636071] It has 55% hemolytic activity at 100 μM against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Amidation	Disulfide bond between Cys6 and Cys16.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Cell membrane	14636071	Biochemistry. 2003 Dec 2;42(47):14023-14035.	"Mangoni ML, Papo N, Mignogna G, Andreu D, Shai Y, Barra D, Simmaco M."	"Ranacyclins, a new family of short cyclic antimicrobial peptides: biological function, mode of action, and parameters involved in target specificity."
DRAMP02275	GALRGCWTKSYPPKPCK	17	"Ranacyclin-T (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P83719	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	RNCT	Rana temporaria (European common frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	MOA: The mature peptide inserts into the hydrophobic core of the bacterial cell membrane and increases permeability without disrupting membrane integrity. Probably binds to the outer membrane surface before aggregating to form transmembrane pores. Has hemolytic activity.	"[Ref.14636071]Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megaterium Bm11 (MIC=3 ?M), Staphylococcus lentus (MIC=10 ?M), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=8 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli D21 (MIC=30 ?M), Yersinia pseudotuberculosis YP III (MIC=5 ?M), Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci (MIC=16 ?M);##Fungi: Candida albicans ATCC 10231 (MIC=22 ?M), Candida tropicalis (MIC=14 ?M), C. guillermondii (MIC=1 ?M), Phytophthora nicotianae spores (MIC=16 ?M)."	[Ref.14636071] It has 20% hemolytic activity at 100 μM against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Amidation	Disulfide bond between Cys6 and Cys16.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Cell membrane	14636071	Biochemistry. 2003 Dec 2;42(47):14023-14035.	"Mangoni ML, Papo N, Mignogna G, Andreu D, Shai Y, Barra D, Simmaco M."	"Ranacyclins, a new family of short cyclic antimicrobial peptides: biological function, mode of action, and parameters involved in target specificity."
DRAMP02276	AALKGCWTKSIPPKPCSGKR	20	"Ranacyclin B3 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana grahami (Ranidae frogs)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=11.7 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=23.4 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys6 and Cys16.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21927839	Amino Acids. 2012 Jul;43(1):309-316.	"Yan X, Liu H, Yang X, Che Q, Liu R, Yang H, Liu X, You D, Wang A, Li J, Lai R."	Bi-functional peptides with both trypsin-inhibitory and antimicrobial activities are frequent defensive molecules in Ranidae amphibian skins.
DRAMP02277	AALRGCWTKSIPPKPCSGKR	20	"Ranacyclin B5 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana grahami (Ranidae frogs)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=5.8 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=23.1 ?M)	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys6 and Cys16.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21927839	Amino Acids. 2012 Jul;43(1):309-316.	"Yan X, Liu H, Yang X, Che Q, Liu R, Yang H, Liu X, You D, Wang A, Li J, Lai R."	Bi-functional peptides with both trypsin-inhibitory and antimicrobial activities are frequent defensive molecules in Ranidae amphibian skins.
DRAMP02278	AALRGCWTKSIPPKPCPGKR	20	"Ranacyclin-B-RL1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Odorrana livida (Ranidae frogs)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=5.8 ?M), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=46.2 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli.##Yeast: Candida albicans."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys6 and Cys16.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21927839	Amino Acids. 2012 Jul;43(1):309-316.	"Yan X, Liu H, Yang X, Che Q, Liu R, Yang H, Liu X, You D, Wang A, Li J, Lai R."	Bi-functional peptides with both trypsin-inhibitory and antimicrobial activities are frequent defensive molecules in Ranidae amphibian skins.
DRAMP02279	SALVGCWTKSYPPKPCFGR	19	"Ranacyclin-B-RN1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Hylarana nigrovittata (Ranidae frogs)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=6 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys6 and Cys16.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21927839	Amino Acids. 2012 Jul;43(1):309-316.	"Yan X, Liu H, Yang X, Che Q, Liu R, Yang H, Liu X, You D, Wang A, Li J, Lai R."	Bi-functional peptides with both trypsin-inhibitory and antimicrobial activities are frequent defensive molecules in Ranidae amphibian skins.
DRAMP02280	SALVGCGTKSYPPKPCFGR	19	"Ranacyclin-B-RN2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Hylarana nigrovittata (Ranidae frogs)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=12.7 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys6 and Cys16.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21927839	Amino Acids. 2012 Jul;43(1):309-316.	"Yan X, Liu H, Yang X, Che Q, Liu R, Yang H, Liu X, You D, Wang A, Li J, Lai R."	Bi-functional peptides with both trypsin-inhibitory and antimicrobial activities are frequent defensive molecules in Ranidae amphibian skins.
DRAMP02281	SALVGCWTKSYPPNPCFGRG	20	"Ranacyclin-B-RN6 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Hylarana nigrovittata (Ranidae frogs)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=11.7 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=46.7 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys6 and Cys16.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21927839	Amino Acids. 2012 Jul;43(1):309-316.	"Yan X, Liu H, Yang X, Che Q, Liu R, Yang H, Liu X, You D, Wang A, Li J, Lai R."	Bi-functional peptides with both trypsin-inhibitory and antimicrobial activities are frequent defensive molecules in Ranidae amphibian skins.
DRAMP02282	SALVGCWTKSWPPKPCFGRG	20	"Ranacyclin-B-LK1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Hylarana nigrovittata (Ranidae frogs)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=23 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys6 and Cys16.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21927839	Amino Acids. 2012 Jul;43(1):309-316.	"Yan X, Liu H, Yang X, Che Q, Liu R, Yang H, Liu X, You D, Wang A, Li J, Lai R."	Bi-functional peptides with both trypsin-inhibitory and antimicrobial activities are frequent defensive molecules in Ranidae amphibian skins.
DRAMP02283	SALVGCWTKSWPPKPCFGR	19	"Ranacyclin-B-LK2 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Hylarana nigrovittata (Ranidae frogs)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=11.8 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys6 and Cys16.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21927839	Amino Acids. 2012 Jul;43(1):309-316.	"Yan X, Liu H, Yang X, Che Q, Liu R, Yang H, Liu X, You D, Wang A, Li J, Lai R."	Bi-functional peptides with both trypsin-inhibitory and antimicrobial activities are frequent defensive molecules in Ranidae amphibian skins.
DRAMP02288	FIGPVLKIAAGILPTAICKIFKKC	24	"Gaegurin-RN1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana nigrovittata 	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has hemolytic activity against rabbit red cells..	"[Ref.19778602]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 (MIC=2.34 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC43300 (MIC=9.38 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=4.69 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ML-35P (MIC=18.75 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=4.69 ?g/ml)"	[Ref.19778602] It has 46.13 ± 1.49% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/ml against rabbit red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19778602	Genomics. 2010 Jan;95(1):66-71.	"Ma Y, Liu C, Liu X, Wu J, Yang H, Wang Y, Li J, Yu H, Lai R."	"Peptidomics and genomics analysis of novel antimicrobial peptides from the frog, Rana nigrovittata."
DRAMP02289	FVGPVLKIAAGILPTAICKIYKKC	24	"Gaegurin-RN4 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana nigrovittata 	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has hemolytic activity against rabbit red cells.	"[Ref.19778602]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 (MIC=1.17 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC43300 (MIC=9.38 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=2.34 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=2.34 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.19778602] It has 18.64 ± 0.25% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/ml against rabbit red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19778602	Genomics. 2010 Jan;95(1):66-71.	"Ma Y, Liu C, Liu X, Wu J, Yang H, Wang Y, Li J, Yu H, Lai R."	"Peptidomics and genomics analysis of novel antimicrobial peptides from the frog, Rana nigrovittata."
DRAMP02290	FLGPIIKIATGILPTAICKFLKKC	24	"Gaegurin-RN5 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Rana nigrovittata 	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has hemolytic activity against rabbit red cells.	"[Ref.19778602]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 (MIC=3.75 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC43300 (MIC=62.50 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=4.69 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ML-35P (MIC=37.50 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=4.69 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.19778602] It has no detectable hemolysis at the concentration up to 100 μg/ml	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19778602	Genomics. 2010 Jan;95(1):66-71.	"Ma Y, Liu C, Liu X, Wu J, Yang H, Wang Y, Li J, Yu H, Lai R."	"Peptidomics and genomics analysis of novel antimicrobial peptides from the frog, Rana nigrovittata."
DRAMP02291	SLFSLIKAGAKFLGKNLLKQGACYAACKASKQC	33	"Gaegurin-1 (Gaegurin 1; GGN1; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P80395	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	GGN1	Glandirana rugosa (Japanese wrinkled frog) (Rana rugosa)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has hemolytic activity against rabbit red cells.	"[Ref.7999137]Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus (MIC=5 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=50 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Shigella dysentariae (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas putida (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Eshchericia coli (MIC=25 ?g/ml)."	"[Ref.7999137] It has 0.04% hemolytic activity at 0.1 μg/ml, 0.14% hemolytic activity at 1 μg/ml, 0.51% hemolytic activity at 10 μg/ml, 0.59% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/ml against human red blood cells."	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	7999137	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Nov 30;205(1):948-954.	"Park JM, Jung J-E, Lee BJ.1994"	"Antimicrobial peptides from the skin of a Korean frog, Rana rugosa."
DRAMP02292	GIMSIVKDVAKNAAKEAAKGALSTLSCKLAKTC	33	"Gaegurin-2 (Gaegurin 2; GGN2; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P80396	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	GGN2	Glandirana rugosa (Japanese wrinkled frog) (Rana rugosa)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus (MIC=2.5 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=10 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=10 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Shigella dysentariae (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas putida (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Eshchericia coli (MIC=75 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC=150 ?g/ml), Candida albicans (MIC=150 ?g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=150 ?g/ml), Proteus mirabilis (MIC>200 ?g/ml), Serratia marcescens (MIC>200 ?g/ml)."	"[Ref.7999137] It has 0.19% hemolytic activity at 0.1 μg/ml, 0.16% hemolytic activity at 1 μg/ml, 0.31% hemolytic activity at 10 μg/ml, 0.82% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/ml against human red blood cells."	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	7999137	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Nov 30;205(1):948-954.	"Park JM, Jung JE, Lee BJ."	"Antimicrobial peptides from the skin of a Korean frog, Rana rugosa."
DRAMP02293	GIMSIVKDVAKTAAKEAAKGALSTLSCKLAKTC	33	"Gaegurin-3 (Gaegurin 3; GGN3; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P80397	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	GGN3	Glandirana rugosa (Japanese wrinkled frog) (Rana rugosa)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus (MIC=2.5 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=10 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=10 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Shigella dysentariae (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas putida (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Eshchericia coli (MIC=75 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC>200 ?g/ml), Candida albicans (MIC>200 ?g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=150 ?g/ml), Proteus mirabilis (MIC>200 ?g/ml), Serratia marcescens (MIC>200 ?g/ml)."	"[Ref.7999137] It has 0.11% hemolytic activity at 0.1 μg/ml, 0.12% hemolytic activity at 1 μg/ml, 0.35% hemolytic activity at 10 μg/ml, 1.20% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/ml against human red blood cells."	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys27 and Cys33)	Disulfide bond between Cys27 and Cys33.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	7999137	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Nov 30;205(1):948-954.	"Park JM, Jung JE, Lee BJ."	"Antimicrobial peptides from the skin of a Korean frog, Rana rugosa."
DRAMP02294	GILDTLKQFAKGVGKDLVKGAAQGVLSTVSCKLAKTC	37	"Gaegurin-4 (Gaegurin 4; GGN4; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"P80398, Q91328, Q98TA6"	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	GGN4	Glandirana rugosa (Japanese wrinkled frog) (Rana rugosa)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal, Antiprotozoal"	Protein level	Alpha helix (3 helices; 22 residues)	"In 100% H2O, Gaegurin 4 contains a nascent turn near its C-terminal Rana box. Under a more hydrophobic condition it forms two amphipathic helices, one long encompassing residues 2-23 and the other consisting of residues 25-34 (Ref.2)."	2G9L resolved by NMR.	"Function: Has a broad spectrum of activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Has hemolytic activity against rabbit red cells.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 31-37."	"[Ref.7999137]Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus (MIC=2.5 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=10 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=10 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Shigella dysentariae (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas putida (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Eshchericia coli (MIC=75 ?g/ml);##Fungi: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC=200 ?g/ml), Candida albicans (MIC=200 ?g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=200 ?g/ml), Proteus mirabilis (MIC>200 ?g/ml), Serratia marcescens (MIC>200 ?g/ml)."	"[Ref.7999137] It has 0.50% hemolytic activity at 0.1 μg/ml, 0.74% hemolytic activity at 1 μg/ml, 0.78% hemolytic activity at 10 μg/ml, 1.67% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/ml against human red blood cells"	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys31 and Cys37)	Disulfide bond between Cys31 and Cys37.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	7999137##17141187##11004488	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Nov 30;205(1):948-954.##Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Jan 19;352(3):592-597.##Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Jun 21;1492(1):185-190.	"Park JM, Jung JE, Lee BJ.##Chi SW, Kim JS, Kim DH, Lee SH, Park YH, Han KH.##Kwon SY, Carlson BA, Park JM, Lee BJ."	"Antimicrobial peptides from the skin of a Korean frog, Rana rugosa.##Solution structure and membrane interaction mode of an antimicrobial peptide gaegurin 4.##Structural organization and expression of the gaegurin 4 gene of Rana rugosa."
DRAMP02295	FLGALFKVASKVLPSVFCAITKKC	24	"Gaegurin-5 (Gaegurin 5; GGN5; Brevinin-1EMa; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"P80399, Q91329"	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	GGN5	Glandirana rugosa (Japanese wrinkled frog) (Rana rugosa)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal, Antiprotozoal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has low hemolytic activity. Has a broad spectrum of activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi and protozoa. PTM: Problely contains one disulfide bond 18-24."	"[Ref.7999137]Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus (MIC=2.5 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=10 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=10 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Shigella dysentariae (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas putida (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Eshchericia coli (MIC=50 ?g/ml);##Fungi: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Candida albicans (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=200 ?g/ml), Proteus mirabilis (MIC>200 ?g/ml)."	"[Ref.7999137] It has 0.19% hemolytic activity at 0.1 μg/ml, 0.31% hemolytic activity at 1 μg/ml, 0.78% hemolytic activity at 10 μg/ml, 1.01% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/ml against human red blood cells"	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	7999137	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Nov 30;205(1):948-954.	"Park JM, Jung JE, Lee BJ."	"Antimicrobial peptides from the skin of a Korean frog, Rana rugosa."
DRAMP02296	FLPLLAGLAANFLPTIICKISYKC	24	"Gaegurin-6 (Gaegurin 6; GGN6; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P80400	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	GGN6	Glandirana rugosa (Japanese wrinkled frog) (Rana rugosa)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has low hemolytic activity. Has a broad spectrum of activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi and protozoa. PTM: Problely contains one disulfide bond 18-24."	"[Ref.7999137]Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus (MIC=2.5 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=10 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=10 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Shigella dysentariae (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas putida (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Eshchericia coli (MIC=50 ?g/ml);##Fungi: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Candida albicans (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=200 ?g/ml), Proteus mirabilis (MIC>200 ?g/ml), Serratia marcescens (MIC>200 ?g/ml)."	"[Ref.7999137] It has 0.39% hemolytic activity at 0.1 μg/ml, 0.62% hemolytic activity at 1 μg/ml, 0.78% hemolytic activity at 10 μg/ml, 0.86% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/ml against human red blood cells"	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys18 and Cys24)	Disulfide bond between Cys18 and Cys24.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	7999137	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Nov 30;205(1):948-954.	"Park JM, Jung JE, Lee BJ."	"Antimicrobial peptides from the skin of a Korean frog, Rana rugosa."
DRAMP02300	VIDDLKKVAKKVRRELLCKKHHKKLN	26	"Guentherin (AMP-3; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P84859	Not found	Not found	Rana guentheri (Gunther's frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antimicrobial peptide. Active against the Gram-positive bacteria.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus FDA209P (MIC=35.5 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC>64 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	16979798	Peptides. 2006 Dec;27(12):3077-3084.	"Zhou J, McClean S, Thompson A, Zhang Y, Shaw C, Rao P, Bjourson AJ."	Purification and characterization of novel antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretion of Hylarana guentheri.
DRAMP02306	IIEKLVNTALGLLSGL	16	"Riparin-2.1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P86127	Not found	Not found	Crinia riparia (Streambank froglet) (Flinders Ranges froglet)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity. Lacks antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria E. cloacae and E. coli, and against the Gram-positive bacteria B. cereus, E. faecalis, L. innocua, M. luteus, S. aureus, S. epidermidis and S. uberis. Does not inhibit the formation of NO by neuronal nitric oxide synthase. 
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	Gram-positive bacterium: Lactococcus lactis (MIC=25 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	16470724	Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2006;20(5):797-803.	"Maselli VM, Bilusich D, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ."	Host-defence skin peptides of the Australian streambank froglet Crinia riparia: isolation and sequence determination by positive and negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry.
DRAMP02307	GLADFLNKAVGKVVDFVKS	19	"Deserticolin-1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P86136	Not found	Not found	Crinia deserticola (Desert froglet)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria. Inhibits the formation of NO by neuronal nitric oxide synthase with an IC50 of 2.4 ?M.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=25 ?M), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=50 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	18601958	Regul Pept. 2008 Nov 29;151(1-3):80-87.	"Jackway RJ, Pukala TL, Maselli VM, Musgrave IF, Bowie JH, Liu Y, Surinya-Johnson KH, Donnellan SC, Doyle JR, Llewellyn LE, Tyler MJ."	"Disulfide-containing peptides from the glandular skin secretions of froglets of the genus Crinia: structure, activity and evolutionary trends."
DRAMP02308	IIGHLIKTALGMLGL	15	"Signiferin-2.1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P86131	Not found	Not found	Crinia signifera (Common eastern froglet)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity against a wide spectrum of Gram-positive bacteria. Lacks antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria E. cloacae and E. coli. Inhibits the formation of NO by neuronal nitric oxide synthase with an IC50 of 12.4 ?M.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=25 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (MIC=100 ?M), Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=12 ?M), Listeria innocua (MIC=50 ?M), Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 (MIC=25 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (MIC=12 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC14990 (MIC=25 ?M), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=25 ?M). "	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15317042##16470724##18601958	Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2004;18(18):2155-2161.##Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2006;20(5):797-803.##Regul Pept. 2008 Nov 29;151(1-3):80-87.	"Maselli VM, Brinkworth CS, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ.##Maselli VM, Bilusich D, Bowie JH, Tyler MJ.##Jackway RJ, Pukala TL, Maselli VM, Musgrave IF, Bowie JH, Liu Y, Surinya-Johnson KH, Donnellan SC, Doyle JR, Llewellyn LE, Tyler MJ."	"Host-defence skin peptides of the Australian Common Froglet Crinia signifera: sequence determination using positive and negative ion electrospray mass spectra.##Host-defence skin peptides of the Australian Streambank Froglet Crinia riparia: isolation and sequence determination by positive and negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry.##Disulfide-containing peptides from the glandular skin secretions of froglets of the genus Crinia: structure, activity and evolutionary trends."
DRAMP02312	SGRGKTGGKARAKAKTRSSRAGLQFPVGRVHRLLRKGNYAHRVGAGAPVYL	51	"Hipposin (fish, chordates, animals)"	P59890	Belongs to the histone H2A family	Not found	Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Atlantic halibut)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram+ (MIC=0.3 ?M);##Gram- (MIC=0.3 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	12637028	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003 Mar 21;1646(1-2):207-215.	"Birkemo GA, Luders T, Andersen O, Nes IF, Nissen-Meyer J"	"Hipposin, a histone-derived antimicrobial peptide in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.)."
DRAMP02314	RCRFCCRCCPRMRGCGICCRF	21	"Hepcidin (fish, chordates, animals)"	A1Z0M0	Belongs to the hepcidin family	hamp	Larimichthys crocea (Croceine croaker) (Pseudosciaena crocea)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Seems to act as a signaling molecule involved in the maintenance of iron homeostasis. Seems to be required in conjunction with HFE to regulate both intestinal iron absorption and iron storage in macrophages.
Tissue specificity: Expressed in all tissues tested, with highest levels of expression in kidney and lowest levels in liver. Intra-peritoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide results in increased expression in heart, spleen and stomach, but not in kidney or liver.
PTM: Contains four disulfide bonds 2-19; 5-8; 6-15; 9-18."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Vibrio alginolyticus(MIC=24 ?M), V. fluvialis, V. harveyis (MIC=12 ?M) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (MIC=6 ?M), Aeromonas hydrophila (MIC=6 ?M), Escherichia coli (MIC=24 ?M), Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)plysS (MIC=6 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=24 ?M), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=6 ?M), C. glutamicum (MIC=3 ?M), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=3 ?M), M. lysodeikticus, Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=6 ?M) and S.epidermis (MIC=12 ?M).##Fungi: Aspergillus niger (MIC=24 ?M), F;##Graminearum (MIC=24 ?M) and Fusarium solani (MIC=24 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	"Disulfide bonds between Cys2 and Cys19; Cys5 and Cys8; Cys6 and Cys15,Cys9 and Cys18."	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19150638##19344770	Peptides. 2009 Apr;30(4):638-646.##Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2009 Jun;26(6):864-870.	"Wang KJ, Cai JJ, Cai L, Qu HD, Yang M, Zhang M.##Zhang J, Yan Q, Ji R, Zou W, Guo G."	"Cloning and expression of a hepcidin gene from a marine fish (Pseudosciaena crocea) and the antimicrobial activity of its synthetic peptide.##Isolation and characterization of a hepcidin peptide from the head kidney of large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea."
DRAMP02315	FFGWLIKGAIHAGKAIHGLIHRRRH	25	"Chrysophsin-1 (fish, chordates, animals)"	P83545	Belongs to the pleurocidin family	Not found	Chrysophrys major (Red sea bream) 	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Alpha helix 	Not found	None	Function: Shows hemolytic activity human red blood cells.	"[Ref.12581207]Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 (MIC=0.25 ?M), Lactococcus garvieae ATCC 49156 (MIC=10 ?M), S.iniae F-8502 (MIC=2.5 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli WT-2 (MIC=0.25 ?M), Vibrio anguillarum ATCC 19264 (MIC=2.5 ?M), Vibriopenaeicida KHA (MIC=10 ?M), V. harveyi ATCC 14126 (MIC=2.5 ?M), V. vulnificus ATCC 33148 (MIC=5 ?M), Aeromonas salmonicida NCMB 1102 (MIC=10 ?M), Pseudomonas putida ATCC 12633 (MIC=40 ?M)."	"[Ref.12581207]10% hemolytic activity at 0.25 μM, 80% hemolytic activity at 1 μM against human erythrocytes"	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane	12581207	Eur J Biochem. 2003 Feb;270(4):675-686.	"Iijima N, Tanimoto N, Emoto Y, Morita Y, Uematsu K, Murakami T, Nakai T."	"Purification and characterization of three isoforms of chrysophsin, a novel antimicrobial peptide in the gills of the red sea bream, Chrysophrys major."
DRAMP02316	FFGWLIRGAIHAGKAIHGLIHRRRH	25	"Chrysophsin-2 (fish, chordates, animals)"	P83546	Belongs to the pleurocidin family	Not found	Chrysophrys major (Red sea bream) 	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Alpha helix 	Not found	None	Function: Shows hemolytic activity human red blood cells.	"[Ref.12581207]Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 (MIC=0.25 ?M), Lactococcus garvieae ATCC 49156 (MIC=5 ?M), S.iniae F-8502 (MIC=1.5 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli WT-2 (MIC=0.25 ?M), Vibrio anguillarum ATCC 19264 (MIC=1.25 ?M), Vibriopenaeicida KHA (MIC=5 ?M), V. harveyi ATCC 14126 (MIC=5 ?M), V. vulnificus ATCC 33148 (MIC=2.5 ?M)."	"[Ref.12581207]10% hemolytic activity at 0.25 μM, 70% hemolytic activity at 1 μM against human erythrocytes"	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane	12581207	Eur J Biochem. 2003 Feb;270(4):675-686.	"Iijima N, Tanimoto N, Emoto Y, Morita Y, Uematsu K, Murakami T, Nakai T."	"Purification and characterization of three isoforms of chrysophsin, a novel antimicrobial peptide in the gills of the red sea bream, Chrysophrys major."
DRAMP02317	FIGLLISAGKAIHDLIRRRH	20	"Chrysophsin-3 (fish, chordates, animals)"	P83547	Belongs to the pleurocidin family	Not found	Chrysophrys major (Red sea bream) 	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Alpha helix 	Not found	None	Function: Shows hemolytic activity human red blood cells.	"[Ref.12581207]Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 (MIC=0.25 ?M), Lactococcus garvieae ATCC 49156 (MIC=10 ?M), S.iniae F-8502 (MIC=10 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli WT-2 (MIC=0.25 ?M), Vibrio anguillarum ATCC 19264 (MIC=10 ?M), Vibriopenaeicida KHA (MIC=10 ?M), V. harveyi ATCC 14126 (MIC=5 ?M), V. vulnificus ATCC 33148 (MIC=10 ?M), Aeromonas salmonicida NCMB 1102 (MIC=10 ?M), Pseudomonas putida ATCC 12633 (MIC=40 ?M)."	"[Ref.12581207]0% hemolytic activity at 0.25 μM, 10% hemolytic activity at 1 μM against human erythrocytes."	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane	12581207	Eur J Biochem. 2003 Feb;270(4):675-686.	"Iijima N, Tanimoto N, Emoto Y, Morita Y, Uematsu K, Murakami T, Nakai T."	"Purification and characterization of three isoforms of chrysophsin, a novel antimicrobial peptide in the gills of the red sea bream, Chrysophrys major."
DRAMP02318	FIGGIISFFKRLF	13	"Grammistin Pp1 (Group II grammistin; fish, chordates, animals)"	P69842	Belongs to the grammistin family (Group 2 subfamily)	Not found	Pogonoperca punctata (Clown grouper) (Bearded grouper)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis IAM 1026 (MIC=3.13 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus IAM 1011 (MIC=3.13 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida NCIBM 1102 (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli JCM 1649 (MIC>50 ?g/ml), P. dameselae subsp. Piscicida Sp 9587 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium S1 (MIC>50 ?g/ml), S. putrefaciens IAM 1509 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml), Vibrio anguillarum NCIBM 829 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (MIC=25 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	PubMed ID is not available	Fish. Sci. 2001 Oct;67:928-933.	"Yokota H, Nagashima Y, Shiomi K."	Interaction of grammistins with lipids and their antibacterial activity.
DRAMP02320	FIGGIISFIKKLF	13	"Grammistin PpIIb (Group II grammistin; fish, chordates, animals)"	P69844	Belongs to the grammistin family (Group 2 subfamily)	Not found	Pogonoperca punctata (Clown grouper) (Bearded grouper)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial activities.	"[Ref.Fish. Sci. 2001 Feb;67:163-169.]Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis IAM 1026 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus IAM 1011 (MIC=3.13 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida NCIBM 1102 (MIC>50 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli JCM 1649 (MIC=50 ?g/ml), P. dameselae subsp. Piscicida Sp 9587 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium S1 (MIC>50 ?g/ml), S. putrefaciens IAM 1509 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml), Vibrio anguillarum NCIBM 829 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (MIC=25 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Phospholipids	PubMed ID is not available	Fish. Sci. 2001 Feb;67:163-169.	"Shiomi K, Yokota H, Nagashima Y, Ishida M."	"Primary and secondary structures of grammistins, peptide toxins isolated from the skin secretion of the soapfish Pogonoperca punctata."
DRAMP02321	NWRKILGQIASVGAGLLGSLLAGYE	25	"Grammistin Pp3 (Group III grammistin; fish, chordates, animals)"	P69847	Belongs to the grammistin family (Group 3 subfamily)	Not found	Pogonoperca punctata (Clown grouper) (Bearded grouper)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function:  Has hemolytic activity. Thanks to its abundant amphiphilic alpha-helices, it may integrate into membrane phospholipids, leading to lysis of the membrane."	"[Ref.Fish. Sci. 2001 Oct;67:928-933.]Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis IAM 1026 (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus IAM 1011 (MIC=50 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida NCIBM 1102 (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli JCM 1649 (MIC>50 ?g/ml), P. dameselae subsp. Piscicida Sp 9587 (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium S1 (MIC>50 ?g/ml), S. putrefaciens IAM 1509 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), Vibrio anguillarum NCIBM 829 (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (MIC=50 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.Fish. Sci. 2001 Oct;67:928-933.]75 HU/mg hemolytic activity against horse erythrocytes(1 HU was defined as the amount of peptide causing 50% hemolysis)	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	PubMed ID is not available	Fish. Sci. 2001 Oct;67:928-933.	"Yokota H, Nagashima Y, Shiomi K."	Interaction of grammistins with lipids and their antibacterial activity.
DRAMP02324	AEVAPAPAAAAPAKAPKKKAAAKPKKAGPS	30	"SAMP H1 (fish, chordates, animals)"	"P84408, Q5GMQ6"	Belongs to the histone H1/H5 family	Not found	Salmo salar (Atlantic salmon)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=2 ?M), Aeromonas salmonicida subsp salmonicida (MIC=4 ?M), Vibrio anguillarum (MIC=1 ?M) Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=4 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=2 ?M), Listeria ivanovii (MIC=4 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15917539	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005 Jun;49(6):2399-2406.	"Luders T, Birkemo G.A, Nissen-Meyer J, Andersen O, Nes I.F."	Proline conformation-dependent antimicrobial activity of a proline-rich histone H1 N-terminal peptide fragment isolated from the skin mucus of Atlantic salmon.
DRAMP02330	FFHHIFRGIVHVGKTIHRLVTG	22	"Piscidin-1 (Pis-1; Piscidin 1; fish, chordates, animals)"	Q8UUG0	Belongs to the pleurocidin family	Not found	Morone saxatilis (Striped bass)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix 	Not found	"2JOS, 2OJM resolved by NMR."	Function: Exhibits broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Also has hemolytic activity. Seems to disrupt the membranes by adopting an alpha helical conformation and forming toroidal pores.	"[Ref.11713517]Gram-positive bacteria: Enterococcus faecalis VRE (MIC=5-10 ?M), E. faecalis (MIC=2.5-5 ?M), Listeria monocytogenes (MIC=2.5-5 ?M), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=10-20 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus MRSA (MIC=1.25-2.5 ?M), S. epidermitis (MIC=5-10 ?M), S. saprophiticus (MIC=5-10 ?M), Staphylococcus xylosus (MIC>20 ?M), S. agalactiae (MIC=1.25-2.5 ?M), S. bovis (MIC=1.25-2.5 ?M), S. equisimilis (MIC=2.5-5 ?M), S. mitis (MIC=1.25-2.5 ?M), S. Pneumonae (MIC=1.25-2.5 ?M), S. pyrogenes (MIC=1.25-2.5 ?M), Streptococcus iniae KST740 ak (MIC=1.25-2.5 ?M), S. iniae KSTSi 6P (MIC=1.25-2.5 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas hydrophila (MIC>20 ?M), Burkholderia cepacia (MIC>20 ?M), Vibrio Cholera (MIC=2.5-5 ?M), Escherichia coli (MIC=5-10 ?M), Enterobacter cloacae (MIC=10-20 ?M), E. Aerogenes (MIC=10-20 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=2.5-5 ?M), K. oxytoca (MIC=5-10 ?M), Salmonella choleraesuis (MIC=10-20 ?M), S. typhimurium (MIC=10-20 ?M), S. arizonae (MIC=10-20 ?M), Serratia marcescens (MIC>20 ?M), Shigella flexneri (MIC=2.5-5 ?M), S. sonnei (MIC=5-10 ?M), Yersinia enterocolitica (MIC=2.5-5 ?M); Fungi: Neurospora crassa (MIC=1.56-3.12 ?M), A. fumigatus (MIC=50-100 ?M), F. axysporum (MIC=0.78-1.56 ?M), F. culmorum (MIC=0.39-0.78 ?M), C. ablicans (MIC=10-20 ?M), C. glabrata (MIC=10-20 ?M), C. lusitania (MIC=10-20 ?M), C. tropacalis (MIC=10-20 ?M)."	"[Ref.11713517]10% hemolytic activity at 5 μg/mL, 60% hemolytic activity at 10 μg/mL, 100% hemolytic activity at 50 μg/mL against human erythrocytes "	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane	11713517	Nature. 2001 Nov 15;414(6861):268-269.	"Silphaduang U, Noga EJ."	Peptide antibiotics in mast cells of fish.
DRAMP02331	FFHHIFRGIVHVGKTIHKLVTG	22	"Piscidin-2 (Pis-2; fish, chordates, animals)"	Q8UUG2	Belongs to the pleurocidin family	Not found	Morone chrysops (White bass)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix 	Not found	None	"Function: Exhibits broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as against a variety of fungi. Seems to disrupt the membranes by adopting an alpha helical conformation.
Tissue specificity: Expressed in gill, skin, intestine, spleen, anterior kidney, and blood cells."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Enterococcus faecalis (MIC=5-10 ?M), E. faecalis (MIC=2.5-5 ?M), Listeria monocytogenes (MIC=2.5-5 ?M), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=10-20 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=1.25-2.5 ?M), S. epidermidis (MIC=5-10 ?M), S. saprophiticus (MIC=5-10 ?M), S. xylosus (MIC>20 ?M), Streptococcus agalactiae (MIC=1.25-2.5 ?M), S. bovis (MIC=1.25-2.5 ?M), S. equisimilis (MIC=2.5-5 ?M), S. mitis (MIC=1.25-2.5 ?M), Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC=1.25-2.5 ?M), Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC=1.25-2.5 ?M), S. iniae KST740ak (MIC=1.25-2.5 ?M), S. iniae KSTSi 6P (MIC=1.25-2.5 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas hydrophila (MIC>20 ?M), Burkholderia cepacia (MIC>20 ?M), Vibrio cholera (MIC=2.5-5 ?M), Escherichia coli (MIC=5-10 ?M), Moraxella catarrhalis (MIC=2.5-5 ?M), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (MIC>20 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=5-10 ?M), Enterobacter cloacae (MIC=10-20 ?M), E. aerogenes (MIC=10-20 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=2.5-5 ?M), K. oxytoca (MIC=5-10 ?M), Salmonella choleraesuis (MIC=10-20 ?M), Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=10-20 ?M), S. arizonae (MIC=10-20 ?M), Serratia marcescens (MIC>20 ?M), Shigella flexneri (MIC=2.5-5 ?M), S. sonnei (MIC=5-10 ?M), Yersinia enterocolitica (MIC=2.5-5 ?M).##Fungi: Neurospora crassa (MIC=1.56-3.12 ?M), Aspergillus fumigatus (MIC=50-100 ?M), Fusarium oxysporum (MIC=0.78-1.56 ?M), F. culmorum (MIC=0.39-0.78 ?M), Candida albicans (MIC=10-20 ?M), C. glabrata (MIC=10-20 ?M), C. lusitania (MIC=10-20 ?M), C. tropicalis (MIC=10-20 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane	11739390	J Biol Chem. 2002 Feb 15;277(7):5030-5039.	"Lauth X, Shike H, Burns JC, Westerman ME, Ostland VE, Carlberg JM, Van Olst JC, Nizet V, Taylor SW, Shimizu C, Bulet P."	"Discovery and characterization of two isoforms of moronecidin, a novel antimicrobial peptide from hybrid striped bass."
DRAMP02336	KAVAAKKSPKKAKKPATPKKAAKSPKKVKKPAAAAKKAAKSPKKATKAAKPKAAKPKAAKAKKAAPKKK	69	"Oncorhyncin II (Oncorhyncin 2; fish, chordates, animals)"	"P06350, P83374"	Belongs to the histone H1/H5 family	Not found	Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Potentially important role in mucosal defense. 	"Gram-positive bacteria: Planococcus citreus (MIC=0.2-0.4 ?M), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=0.2-0.4 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=0.4-0.8 ?M), Listonella anguillarum (MIC=0.4-0.8 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	12969798	Dev Comp Immunol. 2004 Feb;28(2):127-138. 	"Fernandes JM, Molle G, Kemp GD, Smith VJ."	"Isolation and characterisation of oncorhyncin II, a histone H1-derived antimicrobial peptide from skin secretions of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss."
DRAMP02337	PKRKSATKGDEPARRSARLSARPVPKPAAKPKKAAAPKKAVKGKKAAENGDAKAEAKVQAAGDGAG	66	"Oncorhyncin III (Oncorhyncin 3; fish, chordates, animals)"	"P02315, P83338"	Belongs to the HMGN family	Not found	Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Plays a role in mucosal innate host defence.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Aerococcus viridans (MIC=0.06-0.12 ?M), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=0.25-0.5 ?M), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=0.12-0.25 ?M), Planococcus citreus (MIC=0.06-0.12 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas hydrophila (MIC>0.5 ?M), Aeromonas salmonicida 004 (MIC>0.5 ?M), Escherichia coli (MIC=0.25-0.5 ?M), Listonella anguillarum (MIC=0.25-0.5 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	DNA	12713443	Biochem J. 2003 Jul 15;373(Pt 2):621-628.	"Fernandes J.M.O, Saint N, Kemp G.D, Smith V.J."	"Oncorhyncin III: a potent antimicrobial peptide derived from the non-histone chromosomal protein H6 of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss."
DRAMP02347	GKGRWLERIGKAGGIIIGGALDHL	24	"NRC-1 (fish, chordates, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Winter flounder 1)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"C-terminal NH2, this NRC seris of peptides was identified by gene analysis and biological activity verified using synthetic peptides. "	"Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida 99-1 (MIC=64 ?g/ml), Aeromonas salmonicida 97-4 (MIC=64 ?g/ml), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium MS7953s (MIC=16 ?g/ml), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 14028s (MIC>64 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa K799 (MIC>64 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa Z61 (MIC=32 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli CGSC 4908 (MIC=32 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli UB1005 (MIC=32 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli DC2 (MIC=32 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis C621 (MIC>64 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) C623 (MIC>64 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans C627 (MIC=64 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	12878506	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Aug;47(8):2464-2470.	"Patrzykat A, Gallant JW, Seo JK, Pytyck J, Douglas SE."	Novel antimicrobial peptides derived from flatfish genes.
DRAMP02348	WLRRIGKGVKIIGGAALDHL	20	"NRC-2 (fish, chordates, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Winter flounder 1a)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida 99-1 (MIC>128 ?g/ml), Aeromonas salmonicida 97-4 (MIC=128 ?g/ml), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium MS7953s (MIC=64 ?g/ml), S. enterica serovar Typhimurium 14028s (MIC>64 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa K799 (MIC=64 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa Z61 (MIC=32 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli CGSC 4908 (MIC=64 ?g/ml), E. coli UB1005 (MIC=64 ?g/ml), E. coli DC2 (MIC=64 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis C621 (MIC>64 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) C623 (MIC>64 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans C627 (MIC>64 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	12878506	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Aug;47(8):2464-2470.	"Patrzykat A, Gallant JW, Seo JK, Pytyck J, Douglas SE."	Novel antimicrobial peptides derived from flatfish genes.
DRAMP02349	GRRKRKWLRRIGKGVKIIGGAALDHL	26	"NRC-3 (fish, chordates, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Winter flounder 1a-1)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida 99-1 (MIC=2 ?g/ml), Aeromonas salmonicida 97-4 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium MS7953s (MIC=2 ?g/ml), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 14028s (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa K799 (MIC=2 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa Z61 (MIC=1 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli CGSC 4908 (MIC=2 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli UB1005 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli DC2 (MIC=2 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis C621 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) C623 (MIC=8 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans C627 (MIC=4 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	12878506	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Aug;47(8):2464-2470.	"Patrzykat A, Gallant JW, Seo JK, Pytyck J, Douglas SE."	Novel antimicrobial peptides derived from flatfish genes.
DRAMP02350	GWGSFFKKAAHVGKHVGKAALTHYL	25	"Pleurocidin (NRC-4; fish, chordates, animals)"	"P81941, P81619, Q9PRJ9, Q90ZY0, Q90VW6"	Belongs to the pleurocidin family	ple1 AND ple2	Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Winter flounder 2-2.1)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix (1 helices; 19 residues)	"From NMR structural studies with the uniformly (15)N-labeled peptide, a structure of pleurocidin is determined to be in a random coil conformation in aqueous solution whereas it assumes an alpha-helical structure in TFE and in dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles.(Ref.2)"	1Z64?resolved by NMR.	May play a role in innate host defense.	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=2.2-3.3 ?M), Leucothrix mucor (MIC>35.0 ?M), Serratia marcescens (MIC>35.0 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC>35.0 ?M), Aeromonas salmonicida (MIC=17.7-35.0 ?M), Cytophaga aquatilis (MIC=2.2-4.4 ?M), Pasteurella haemolytica (MIC=4.4-8.8 ?M), Salmonella typhimurium I (MIC=8.8-17.7 ?M), Salmonella typhimurium II (MIC=8.8-17.7 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=1.1-2.2 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=17.7-35.0 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	9115266	J Biol Chem. 1997 May 2;272(18):12008-12013.	"Cole A.M, Weis P, Diamond G."	"Isolation and characterization of pleurocidin, an antimicrobial peptide in the skin secretions of winter flounder."
DRAMP02351	FFRLLFHGVHHVGKIKPRA	19	"NRC-10 (fish, chordates, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Winter flounder Z)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida 99-1 (MIC>64 ?g/ml), Aeromonas salmonicida 97-4 (MIC=32 ?g/ml), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium MS7953s (MIC=16 ?g/ml), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 14028s (MIC>64 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa K799 (MIC=32 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa Z61 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli CGSC 4908 (MIC=32 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli UB1005 (MIC=32 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli DC2 (MIC=32 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis C621 (MIC=32 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus C623 (MRSA) (MIC=64 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans C627 (MIC>64 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	12878506	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Aug;47(8):2464-2470.	"Patrzykat A, Gallant JW, Seo JK, Pytyck J, Douglas SE."	Novel antimicrobial peptides derived from flatfish genes.
DRAMP02352	GWKKWLRKGAKHLGQAAIK	19	"NRC-16 (fish, chordates, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Glyptocephalus cynoglossus (Witch flounder GC3.8-t)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida 99-1 (MIC=2 ?g/ml), A. salmonicida 97-4 (MIC=1 ?g/ml), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium MS7953s (MIC=0.5 ?g/ml), S. enterica serovar Typhimurium 14028s (MIC=16 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa K799 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa Z61 (MIC=1 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli CGSC 4908 (MIC=1 ?g/ml), E. coli UB1005 (MIC=2 ?g/ml), E. coli DC2 (MIC=0.5 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis C621 (MIC=16 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) C623 (MIC=32 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans C627 (MIC=8 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	12878506	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Aug;47(8):2464-2470.	"Patrzykat A, Gallant JW, Seo JK, Pytyck J, Douglas SE."	Novel antimicrobial peptides derived from flatfish genes.
DRAMP02354	FFRLLFHGVHHGGGYLNAA	19	"Pleurocidin-like peptide WFY (fish, chordates, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Winter flounder) (Pleuronectes americanus)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida A449 field isolate (MIC>64 ?g/ml), A. salmonicida 97-4 field isolate (MIC>64 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa K799 (MIC>64 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa Z61 (MIC=64 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli CGSC4908 triple (MIC=64 ?g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium 14028s (MIC>64 ?g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium MS7953s (MIC=64 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis (human clinical isolates) (MIC>64 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (MIC>64 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Candida albica (MIC>64 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	12950255	Eur J Biochem. 2003 Sep;270(18):3720-3730.	"Douglas SE, Patrzykat A, Pytyck J, Gallant JW."	"Identification, structure and differential expression of novel pleurocidins clustered on the genome of the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum)."
DRAMP02357	FLGALIKGAIHGGRFIHGMIQNHH	24	"Pleurocidin-like peptide WF3 (NRC-5; fish, chordates, animals)"	Q90VW7	Belongs to the pleurocidin family	ple3	Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Winter flounder 3)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida 99-1 (MIC>64 ?g/ml), A. salmonicida 97-4 (MIC>64 ?g/ml), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium MS7953s (MIC=64 ?g/ml), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 14028s (MIC>64 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa K799 (MIC>64 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa Z61 (MIC=32 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli CGSC 4908 (MIC=64 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli UB1005 (MIC=64 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli DC2 (MIC>64 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis C621 (MIC=32 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) C623 (MIC=32 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans C627 (MIC>64 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	12878506##11113283	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Aug;47(8):2464-2470.##Dev Comp Immunol. 2001 Mar;25(2):137-147.	"Patrzykat A, Gallant JW, Seo JK, Pytyck J, Douglas SE.##Douglas SE, Gallant JW, Gong Z, Hew C."	"Novel antimicrobial peptides derived from flatfish genes.##Cloning and developmental expression of a family of pleurocidin-like antimicrobial peptides from winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus (Walbaum)."
DRAMP02358	GWGSIFKHGRHAAKHIGHAAVNHYL	25	"Pleurocidin-like peptide WF4 (NRC-6; fish, chordates, animals)"	"Q90ZX8, Q90ZX9"	Belongs to the pleurocidin family	ple4	Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Winter flounder 4-1.1)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida 99-1 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), A. salmonicida 97-4 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium MS7953s (MIC=4 ?g/ml), S. enterica serovar Typhimurium 14028s (MIC=64 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa K799 (MIC=16 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa Z61 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli CGSC 4908 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), E. coli UB1005 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), E. coli DC2 (MIC=2 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis C621 (MIC>64 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) C623 (MIC=32 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans C627 (MIC=32 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	12878506##11113283	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Aug;47(8):2464-2470.##Dev Comp Immunol. 2001 Mar;25(2):137-147.	"Patrzykat A, Gallant JW, Seo JK, Pytyck J, Douglas SE.##Douglas SE, Gallant JW, Gong Z, Hew C."	"Novel antimicrobial peptides derived from flatfish genes.##Cloning and developmental expression of a family of pleurocidin-like antimicrobial peptides from winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus (Walbaum)."
DRAMP02359	RWGKWFKKATHVGKHVGKAALTAYL	25	"Pleurocidin-like peptide YT2 (NRC-7; fish, chordates, animals; Predicted)"	Q7SZH1	Not found	ple	Limanda ferruginea (Yellowtail flounder YT2)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Predicted	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida 99-1 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), A. salmonicida 97-4 (MIC=2 ?g/ml), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium MS7953s (MIC=2 ?g/ml), S. enterica serovar Typhimurium 14028s (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa K799 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa Z61 (MIC=2 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli CGSC 4908 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), E. coli UB1005 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), E. coli DC2 (MIC=4 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis C621 (MIC=64 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) C623 (MIC=64 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans C627 (MIC=16 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	12878506	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Aug;47(8):2464-2470.	"Patrzykat A, Gallant JW, Seo JK, Pytyck J, Douglas SE."	Novel antimicrobial peptides derived from flatfish genes.
DRAMP02360	GWKSVFRKAKKVGKTVGGLALDHYLG	26	"Pleurocidin-like peptide AP1 (NRC-11; fish, chordates, animals; Predicted)"	Q7SZH4	Not found	ple	Hippoglossoides platessoides (American plaice AP1)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Predicted	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida 99-1 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), A. salmonicida 97-4 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium MS7953s (MIC=4 ?g/ml), S. enterica serovar Typhimurium 14028s (MIC=32 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa K799 (MIC=32 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa Z61 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli CGSC 4908 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), E. coli UB1005 (MIC=16?g/ml), E. coli DC2 (MIC=4 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis C621 (MIC=64 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) C623 (MIC>64 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans C627 (MIC=32 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	12878506	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Aug;47(8):2464-2470.	"Patrzykat A, Gallant JW, Seo JK, Pytyck J, Douglas SE."	Novel antimicrobial peptides derived from flatfish genes.
DRAMP02361	GWKKWFNRAKKVGKTVGGLAVDHYLG	26	"Pleurocidin-like peptide AP2 (NRC-12; fish, chordates, animals; Predicted)"	Q7SZH3	Not found	ple	Hippoglossoides platessoides (American plaice AP2)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Predicted	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida 99-1 (MIC=2 ?g/ml), A. salmonicida 97-4 (MIC=2 ?g/ml), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium MS7953s (MIC=2 ?g/ml), S. enterica serovar Typhimurium 14028s (MIC=8?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa K799 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa Z61 (MIC=1 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli CGSC 4908 (MIC=2 ?g/ml), E. coli UB1005 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), E. coli DC2 (MIC=2 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: S. epidermidis C621 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) C623 (MIC=16 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans C627 (MIC=4 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	12878506	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Aug;47(8):2464-2470.	"Patrzykat A, Gallant JW, Seo JK, Pytyck J, Douglas SE."	Novel antimicrobial peptides derived from flatfish genes.
DRAMP02362	GWRTLLKKAEVKTVGKLALKHYL	23	"Pleurocidin-like peptide AP3 (NRC-13; fish, chordates, animals; Predicted)"	Q7SZH2	Not found	ple	Hippoglossoides platessoides (American plaice AP3)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Predicted	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida 99-1 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), A. salmonicida 97-4 (MIC=2 ?g/ml), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium MS7953s (MIC=2 ?g/ml), S. enterica serovar Typhimurium 14028s (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa K799 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa Z61 (MIC=1 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli CGSC 4908 (MIC=2 ?g/ml), E. coli UB1005 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), E. coli DC2 (MIC=2 ?g/ml).##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis C621 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) C623 (MIC=4 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans C627 (MIC=4 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	12878506	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Aug;47(8):2464-2470.	"Patrzykat A, Gallant JW, Seo JK, Pytyck J, Douglas SE."	Novel antimicrobial peptides derived from flatfish genes.
DRAMP02363	AGWGSIFKHIFKAGKFIHGAIQAHND	26	"Pleurocidin-like peptide GcSc4C5 (NRC-14; fish, chordates, animals)"	Q7SZH0 	Not found	ple	Glyptocephalus cynoglossus (Witch flounder GcSc4C5)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Transcript level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida 99-1 (MIC=32 ?g/ml), A. salmonicida 97-4 (MIC=16 ?g/ml), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium MS7953s (MIC=16 ?g/ml), S. enterica serovar Typhimurium 14028s (MIC>64 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa K799 (MIC=32 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa Z61 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli CGSC 4908 (MIC=16 ?g/ml), E. coli UB1005 (MIC=16 ?g/ml), E. coli DC2 (MIC=16 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis C621 (MIC=16 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) C623 (MIC=16 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans C627 (MIC>64 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	12878506	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Aug;47(8):2464-2470.	"Patrzykat A, Gallant JW, Seo JK, Pytyck J, Douglas SE."	Novel antimicrobial peptides derived from flatfish genes.
DRAMP02364	GFWGKLFKLGLHGIGLLHLHL	21	"Pleurocidin-like peptide GcSc4B7 (NRC-15; fish, chordates, animals; Predicted)"	Q7SZG9	Not found	ple	Glyptocephalus cynoglossus (Witch flounder GcSc4B7)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Predicted	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida 99-1 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), A. salmonicida 97-4 (MIC=16 ?g/ml), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium MS7953s (MIC=4 ?g/ml), S. enterica serovar Typhimurium 14028s (MIC=16 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa K799 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa Z61 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli CGSC 4908 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), E. coli UB1005 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), E. coli DC2 (MIC=8 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis C621 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) C623 (MIC=4 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans C627 (MIC=16 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	12878506	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Aug;47(8):2464-2470.	"Patrzykat A, Gallant JW, Seo JK, Pytyck J, Douglas SE."	Novel antimicrobial peptides derived from flatfish genes.
DRAMP02365	GWKKWLRKGAKHLGQAAIKGLAS	23	"Pleurocidin-like peptide GC3.8 (NRC-17; fish, chordates, animals; Predicted)"	Q7SZG8	Not found	ple	Glyptocephalus cynoglossus (Witch flounder GC3.8)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Predicted	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida 99-1 (MIC=2 ?g/ml), A. salmonicida 97-4 (MIC=1 ?g/ml), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium MS7953s (MIC=1 ?g/ml), S. enterica serovar Typhimurium 14028s (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa K799 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa Z61 (MIC=2 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli CGSC 4908 (MIC=1 ?g/ml), E. coli UB1005 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), E. coli DC2 (MIC=1 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis C621 (MIC=32 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) C623 (MIC=16 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans C627 (MIC=8 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	12878506	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Aug;47(8):2464-2470.	"Patrzykat A, Gallant JW, Seo JK, Pytyck J, Douglas SE."	Novel antimicrobial peptides derived from flatfish genes.
DRAMP02366	GWKKWFTKGERLSQRHFA	18	"Pleurocidin-like peptide GC3.2 (NRC-18; fish, chordates, animals; Predicted)"	Q7SZG7	Not found	ple	Glyptocephalus cynoglossus (Witch flounder GC3.2)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Predicted	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida 99-1 (MIC>64 ?g/ml), A. salmonicida 97-4 (MIC=128 ?g/ml), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium MS7953s (MIC=32 ?g/ml), S. enterica serovar Typhimurium 14028s (MIC>64 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa K799 (MIC>64 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa Z61 (MIC=64 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli CGSC 4908 (MIC=64 ?g/ml), E. coli UB1005 (MIC=64 ?g/ml), E. coli DC2 (MIC=64 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis C621 (MIC>64 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) C623 (MIC>64 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans C627 (MIC>64 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	12878506	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Aug;47(8):2464-2470.	"Patrzykat A, Gallant JW, Seo JK, Pytyck J, Douglas SE."	Novel antimicrobial peptides derived from flatfish genes.
DRAMP02367	FLGLLFHGVHHVGKWIHGLIHGHH	24	"Pleurocidin-like peptide Hb26 (NRC-19; fish, chordates, animals; Predicted)"	Q7SZG6	Not found	ple	Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Halibut Hb26)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Predicted	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida 99-1 (MIC=64 ?g/ml), A. salmonicida 97-4 (MIC>64 ?g/ml), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium MS7953s (MIC=16 ?g/ml), S. enterica serovar Typhimurium 14028s (MIC=64 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa K799 (MIC=32 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa Z61 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli CGSC 4908 (MIC=32 ?g/ml), E. coli UB1005 (MIC=16 ?g/ml), E. coli DC2 (MIC=32 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis C621 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) C623 (MIC=8 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans C627 (MIC=64 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	12878506	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Aug;47(8):2464-2470.	"Patrzykat A, Gallant JW, Seo JK, Pytyck J, Douglas SE."	Novel antimicrobial peptides derived from flatfish genes.
DRAMP02368	GFLGILFHGVHHGRKKALHMNSERRS	26	"Pleurocidin-like peptide Hb18 (NRC-20; fish, chordates, animals; Predicted)"	Q7SZG5	Not found	ple	Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Halibut Hb18)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Predicted	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida 99-1 (MIC>64 ?g/ml), A. salmonicida 97-4 (MIC>64 ?g/ml), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium MS7953s (MIC>64 ?g/ml), S. enterica serovar Typhimurium 14028s (MIC>64 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa K799 (MIC>64 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa Z61 (MIC=64 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli CGSC 4908 (MIC>64 ?g/ml), E. coli UB1005 (MIC>64 ?g/ml), E. coli DC2 (MIC>64 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis C621 (MIC>64 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) C623 (MIC>64 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans C627 (MIC>64 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	12878506	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Aug;47(8):2464-2470.	"Patrzykat A, Gallant JW, Seo JK, Pytyck J, Douglas SE."	Novel antimicrobial peptides derived from flatfish genes.
DRAMP02374	GCRFCCNCCPNMSGCGVCCRF	21	"Bass hepcidin (fish, chordates, animals)"	P82951	Belongs to the hepcidin family	hamp	Morone chrysops x Morone saxatilis (white bass x striped sea-bass)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Beta strand (2 strands; 6 residues)	"Solution structure by NMR indicates that bass hepcidin is very similar to that of human hepcidin, including the presence of an antiparallel beta-sheet, a conserved disulfide-bonding pattern, and a rare vicinal disulfide bond."	1S6W resolved by NMR.	"Function: Seems to act as a signaling molecule involved in the maintenance of iron homeostasis. Seems to be required in conjunction with HFE to regulate both intestinal iron absorption and iron storage in macrophages (By similarity). Synthetic bass hepcidin is active in vitro against Gram-negative pathogens and fungi but showes no activity against key Gram-positive pathogens and a single yeast strain tested.
Tissue specificity: Predominantly expressed in liver.
Induction: By bacterial challenge.
PTM: Contains four disulfide bonds 2-19; 5-8; 6-15; 9-18."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25,922,351,50 (MIC=22 ?M), Escherichia coli ATCC D31K (MIC=11 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 10,031 (MIC=22 ?M), P. shigelloides ATCC KST (MIC=11 ?M), S. flexneri ATCC 12,022 (MIC=22 ?M), Shigella sonnei ATCC 9290 (MIC=44 ?M), Y. enterocolitica ATCC 23,715 (MIC=22 ?M).##Fungi: Aspergillus niger (MIC=44 ?M)."	[Ref.15546886] It displays essentially no hemolytic activity toward HSB erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Free	"Disulfide bonds between Cys2 and Cys19; Cys5 and Cys8; Cys6 and Cys15,Cys9 and Cys18."	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	11985602##15546886	Eur J Biochem. 2002 Apr;269(8):2232-2237.##J Biol Chem. 2005 Mar 11;280(10):9272-9282.	"Shike H, Lauth X, Westerman ME, Ostland VE, Carlberg JM, Van Olst JC, Shimizu C, Bulet P, Burns JC.##Lauth X, Babon JJ, Stannard JA, Singh S, Nizet V, Carlberg JM, Ostland VE, Pennington MW, Norton RS, Westerman ME."	"Bass hepcidin is a novel antimicrobial peptide induced by bacterial challenge.##Bass hepcidin synthesis, solution structure, antimicrobial activities and synergism, and in vivo hepatic response to bacterial infections."
DRAMP02376	LFGFLIKLIPSLFGALSNIGRNRNQ	25	"Grammistin Gs 1 (Grammistin Gs F; Group I grammistin; soapfish, chordates, animals)"	P69835	Belongs to the grammistin family (Group 1 subfamily)	Not found	Grammistes sexlineatus (Sixline soapfish) (Golden stripe soapfish)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis IAM 1026 (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus IAM 1011 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida NCIBM 1102 (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli JCM 1649 (MIC=50 ?g/ml), P. dameselae subsp. Piscicida Sp 9587 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium S1 (MIC>50 ?g/ml), S. putrefaciens IAM 1509 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), Vibrio anguillarum NCIBM 829 (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (MIC=25 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	PubMed ID is not available	Fish. Sci. 2001 Oct;67:928-933.	"Yokota H, Nagashima Y, Shiomi K."	Interaction of grammistins with lipids and their antibacterial activity.
DRAMP02377	LFGFLIPLLPHIIGAIPQVIGAIR	24	"Grammistin Gs 2 (Grammistin Gs G; Group I grammistin; soapfish, chordates, animals)"	P69836	Belongs to the grammistin family (Group 1 subfamily)	Not found	Grammistes sexlineatus (Sixline soapfish) (Golden stripe soapfish)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis IAM 1026 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus IAM 1011 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida NCIBM 1102 (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli JCM 1649 (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Photobacterium damselae subsp. Piscicida Sp 9587 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium S1 (MIC>50 ?g/ml), S. putrefaciens IAM 1509 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml), Vibrio anguillarum NCIBM 829 (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (MIC=25 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	PubMed ID is not available	Fish. Sci. 2001 Oct;67:928-933.	"Yokota H, Nagashima Y, Shiomi K."	Interaction of grammistins with lipids and their antibacterial activity.
DRAMP02378	WWRELLKKLAFTAAGHLGSVLAAKQSGW	28	"Grammistin Gs A (Group III grammistin; soapfish, chordates, animals)"	P69845	Belongs to the grammistin family (Group 3 subfamily)	Not found	Grammistes sexlineatus (Sixline soapfish) (Golden stripe soapfish)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis IAM 1026 (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus IAM 1011 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida NCIBM 1102 (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli JCM 1649 (MIC=50 ?g/ml), P. dameselae subsp. Piscicida Sp 9587 (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium S1 (MIC>50 ?g/ml), S. putrefaciens IAM 1509 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml), Vibrio anguillarum NCIBM 829 (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (MIC=50 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15777955	Toxicon. 2005 Apr;45(5):595-601.	"Sugiyama N, Araki M, Ishida M, Nagashima Y, Shiomi K."	Further isolation and characterization of grammistins from the skin secretion of the soapfish Grammistes sexlineatus.
DRAMP02379	IGGIISFFKRLF	12	"Grammistin Gs B (Group II grammistin; soapfish, chordates, animals)"	P69839	Belongs to the grammistin family (Group 2 subfamily)	Not found	Grammistes sexlineatus (Sixline soapfish) (Golden stripe soapfish)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis IAM 1026 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus IAM 1011 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida NCIBM 1102 (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli JCM 1649 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), P. dameselae subsp. Piscicida Sp 9587 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium S1 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), S. putrefaciens IAM 1509 (MIC=3.13 ?g/ml), Vibrio anguillarum NCIBM 829 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15777955	Toxicon. 2005 Apr;45(5):595-601.	"Sugiyama N, Araki M, Ishida M, Nagashima Y, Shiomi K."	Further isolation and characterization of grammistins from the skin secretion of the soapfish Grammistes sexlineatus.
DRAMP02380	NWRKILGKIAKVAAGLLGSMLAGYQV	26	"Grammistin Gs C (Group III grammistin; soapfish, chordates, animals)"	P69846	Belongs to the grammistin family (Group 3 subfamily)	Not found	Grammistes sexlineatus (Sixline soapfish) (Golden stripe soapfish)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"MOA: Thanks to its amphiphilic alpha-helice(s), it may integrate into membrane phospholipids, leading to lysis of the membrane."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis IAM 1026 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus IAM 1011 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas salmonicida NCIBM 1102 (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli JCM 1649 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), P. dameselae subsp. Piscicida Sp 9587 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium S1 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), S. putrefaciens IAM 1509 (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml), Vibrio anguillarum NCIBM 829 (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (MIC=25 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15777955	Toxicon. 2005 Apr;45(5):595-601.	"Sugiyama N, Araki M, Ishida M, Nagashima Y, Shiomi K."	Further isolation and characterization of grammistins from the skin secretion of the soapfish Grammistes sexlineatus.
DRAMP18375	GLDFSQPFPSGEFAVCESCKLGRGKCRKECLENEKPDGNCRLNFLCCRQRI	51	hBD-5 (human beta-defensin 5)	No entry found	Belongs to the beta-defensin family.	Not found	Homo sapiens	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"		bridge	Not found	None	"PTM: There are 7 cysteines, making it likely to form an intermolecular S-S bond."	Active against E. coli K12.	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	12193721	J Immunol. 2002 Sep 1;169(5):2516-23.	"Yamaguchi Y, Nagase T, Makita R, Fukuhara S, Tomita T, Tominaga T, Kurihara H, Ouchi Y."	Identification of multiple novel epididymis-specific beta-defensin isoforms in humans and mice.
DRAMP18373	CMSYGGSCQRSCNGGFRLGGHCGHPKIRCCRRK	33	mBD-6 (Murine beta-defensin 6)	No entry found	Belongs to the beta-defensin family.	Not found	Mus musculus	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"		bridge	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacteria: E. coli.	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	11408484	J Biol Chem. 2001 Aug 24;276(34):31510-4	"Yamaguchi Y, Fukuhara S, Nagase T, Tomita T, Hitomi S, Kimura S, Kurihara H, Ouchi Y."	"A novel mouse beta-defensin, mBD-6, predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle."
DRAMP18374	FFDEKCNKLKGTCKNNCGKNEELIALCQKSLKCCRTIQPSGSIID	45	hBD-6 (human beta-defensin 6)	No entry found	Belongs to the beta-defensin family.	Not found	Homo sapiens	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-, Chemotactic"		beta 	Not found	2LWL 	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacteria: E. coli K12.	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	12193721	J Immunol. 2002 Sep 1;169(5):2516-23	"Yamaguchi Y, Nagase T, Makita R, Fukuhara S, Tomita T, Tominaga T, Kurihara H, Ouchi Y."	Identification of multiple novel epididymis-specific beta-defensin isoforms in humans and mice.
DRAMP02386	KGRGKQGGKVRAKAKTRSS	19	"Parasin I (histone-H2A-derived; catfishes, chordates, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Parasilurus asotus (Amur catfish)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"	Not found	Alpha helix 	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Aeromonas salmonicida (MIC=10 ?g/ml), Cytophaga aquatilis (MIC=5 ?g/ml), Yersinia rukeri (MIC=15 ?g/ml), Edwardsiella ictaluri (MIC=10 ?g/ml), Lactococcus garvieae (MIC=10 ?g/ml). "	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane	9824303	FEBS Lett 1998; 437: 258-262.	"Park IY, Park CB, Kim MS, Kim SC."	"Parasin I, an antimicrobial peptide derived from histon H2A in the catfish, Parasilurus asotus."
DRAMP02390	RPRPNYRPRPIYRP	14	"Astacidin 2 (crayfish, Arthropods, animals)"	Q0PJU7	Not found	Not found	Pacifastacus leniusculus (signal crayfish)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Predicted	Rich	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Shigella flexneri ATCC 203 (MIC=0.98 ?g/ml), Proteus vulgaris OX19 ATCC 6380 (MIC=7.8 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli D21 (MIC=3.9 ?g/ml), Psedomonas aeruginosa OT 97 (MIC=7.8 ?g/ml).##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megateriun B11 (MIC=1.9 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 (MIC=1.95 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus JC-1 (MIC=7.8 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus Ml 11 (MIC=10 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	17049601	Dev Comp Immunol. 2007;31(5):441-455. 	"Jiravanichpaisal P, Lee SY, Kim YA, Andrén T, S?derh?ll I."	Antibacterial peptides in hemocytes and hematopoietic tissue from freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus: characterization and expression pattern.
DRAMP02391	GWFKKAWRKVKHAGRRVLDTAKGVGRHYLNNWLNRYRG	38	"Hematopoietic antimicrobial peptide-37 (MgCath37; hagfishes, chordates, animals)"	Q71MD7	Not found	CATH37	Myxine glutinosa (Atlantic hagfish)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Transcript level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 11827 and 33179 (MIC=2 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidi (MIC=2-4 ?g/ml), Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Enterococcus faecium (MIC=4-8 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Clostridium perfringens ATCC 9081 and 13124 (MIC=4-32 ?g/ml), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC=32 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Bacteroides spp. ATCC 29771, 43935, 12290 (MIC=0.5-4 ?g/ml), Shigella sonnei (MIC=2-4 ?g/ml), Xanthomonas maltophilia (MIC=2-8 ?g/ml), Salmonella Group B (MIC=4-8 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Acinetobacter baumannii (MIC=8-16 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Enterobacter aerogenes (MIC=8-16 ?g/ml), Enterobacter cloacae (MIC=8-16 ?g/ml), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=8-16 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15019197	Peptides. 2003 Nov;24(11):1655-1667.	"Uzzell T, Stolzenberg ED, Shinnar AE, Zasloff M."	Hagfish intestinal antimicrobial peptides are ancient cathelicidins.
DRAMP02393	GFFKKAWRKVKHAGRRVLDTAKGVGRHYVNNWLNRYRZ	38	"HFIAP-1 (HFIAP-2; hagfishes, chordates, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Myxine glutinosa (Atlantic hagfish)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial against a bank of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as a representative fungal species.
Sequence similarity: Sequences for HFIAP-1 and -2 are identical, but HFIAP-2 is brominated only at residue 7; they differ from MgCath37 by conservative replacements."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 11827/33179 (MIC=2 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidi (MIC=2-4 ?g/ml), Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Enterococcus faecium (MIC=4-8 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Clostridium perfringens ATCC 9081/13124 (MIC=4-32 ?g/ml), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC=32 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Bacteroides spp. ATCC 29771/43935/12290 (MIC=0.5-4 ?g/ml), Shigella sonnei (MIC=2-4 ?g/ml), Xanthomonas maltophilia (MIC=2-8 ?g/ml), Salmonella Group B (MIC=4-8 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Acinetobacter baumannii (MIC=8-16 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Enterobacter aerogenes (MIC=8-16 ?g/ml), Enterobacter cloacae (MIC=8-16 ?g/ml), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=8-16 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15019197	Peptides. 2003 Nov;24(11):1655-1667.	"Uzzell T, Stolzenberg ED, Shinnar AE, Zasloff M."	Hagfish intestinal antimicrobial peptides are ancient cathelicidins.
DRAMP02394	GWFKKAWRKVKNAGRRVLKGVGIHYGVGLIZ	31	"HFIAP-3 (hagfishes, chordates, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Myxine glutinosa (Atlantic hagfish)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial against a bank of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as a representative fungal species. HFIAP-1 and HFIAP-3 exhibit similar inhibitory activity.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 11827/33179 (MIC=2 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidi (MIC=2-4 ?g/ml), Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Enterococcus faecium (MIC=4-8 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Clostridium perfringens ATCC 9081/13124 (MIC=4-32 ?g/ml), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC=32 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Bacteroides spp. ATCC 29771/43935/12290 (MIC=0.5-4 ?g/ml), Shigella sonnei (MIC=2-4 ?g/ml), Xanthomonas maltophilia (MIC=2-8 ?g/ml), Salmonella Group B (MIC=4-8 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Acinetobacter baumannii (MIC=8-16 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Enterobacter aerogenes (MIC=8-16 ?g/ml), Enterobacter cloacae (MIC=8-16 ?g/ml), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=8-16 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15019197	Peptides. 2003 Nov;24(11):1655-1667.	"Uzzell T, Stolzenberg ED, Shinnar AE, Zasloff M."	Hagfish intestinal antimicrobial peptides are ancient cathelicidins.
DRAMP02395	AACSDRAHGHICESFKSFCKDSGRNGVKLRANCKKTCGLC	40	"Aurelin (jellyfish, chordates, animals)"	"Q0MWV8, P84891"	Belongs to ShKT domain family	Not found	Aurelia aurita (Moon jellyfish)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Combine helix and strand structure	Not found	2LG4 resolved by NMR.	"Function: Antimicrobial peptide exhibits activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Domian: Contains 1 ShKT domain.
PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds (By similarity)."	Gram-positive bacterium: Listeria monocytogenes EGD (MIC=22.64 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ML-35p (MIC=7.66 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys19 and Cys40)	Disulfide bonds between Cys3 and Cys33; Cys12 and Cys37; Cys19 and Cys40.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16890198##PubMed ID is not available 	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Sep 22;348(2):514-523.##To be Published.	"Ovchinnikova TV, Balandin SV, Aleshina GM, Tagaev AA, Leonova YF, Krasnodembsky ED, Men'shenin AV, Kokryakov VN.##Shenkarev Z, Altukhov D, Gizatullina A, Arseniev A, Ovchinnikova T."	"Aurelin, a novel antimicrobial peptide from jellyfish Aurelia aurita with structural features of defensins and channel-blocking toxins.##Solution structure of aurelin, a novel antimicrobial peptide."
DRAMP02397	AVPDVAFNAYG	11	Big defensin (RPD-1)	P86316	Belongs to the big defensin family	Not found	Venerupis philippinarum (Japanese carpet shell) (Tapes japonica)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Anti-cancer"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Significantly inhibits the growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungi in vitro. Has antibacterial activity.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=9.6 mg/L), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=76.8 mg/L), Micrococcus tetragenus (MIC=38.4 mg/L);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=76.8 mg/L), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (MIC=19.2 mg/L), Vibrio anguillarum (MIC=19.2 mg/L)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	14673509	Sheng Wu Hua Xue Yu Sheng Wu Wu Li Xue Bao (Shanghai). 2003 Dec;35(12):1145-8.	"Wei YX, Guo DS, Li RG, Chen HW, Chen PX."	Purification of a big defensin from Ruditapes philippinesis and its antibacterial activity.
DRAMP02402	FLPKMSTKLRVPYRRGTKDYH	21	Antimicrobial peptide scolopin-1	P0CH48	Not found	Not found	Scolopendra mutilans (Chinese red-headed centipede) (Scolopendrasubspinipes mutilans)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antimicrobial peptide against both Gram-positive, Gram-positive and yeast. Also induces histamine release by mast cells and shows hemolytic activities against both human and rabbit red cells.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom gland."	"[Ref.19716842]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli standard strain (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml), E. coli drug-resistant strain (MIC=15 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus standard strain (MIC=1.2 ?g/ml), S. aureus drug-resistant strain (MIC=5.0 ?g/ml), Bacillus dysenteriae standard and drug-resistant strains (MIC=7.5 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=15 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.19716842]25 ± 2% hemolytic activity at 50 μg/ml against human red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	19716842	Toxicon. 2010 Feb-Mar;55(2-3):274-279.	"Peng K, Kong Y, Zhai L, Wu X, Jia P, Liu J, Yu H."	Two novel antimicrobial peptides from centipede venoms.
DRAMP02403	GILKKFMLHRGTKVYKMRTLSKRSH	25	Antimicrobial peptide scolopin-2	P0CH49	Not found	Not found	Scolopendra mutilans (Chinese red-headed centipede) (Scolopendrasubspinipes mutilans)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antimicrobial peptide against both Gram-positive, -negative and yeast. Also induces histamine release by mast cells and shows hemolytic activities against both human and rabbit red cells.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom gland."	"[Ref.19716842]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli standard and drug-resistant strains (MIC=5.0 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus standard strain (MIC=0.5 ?g/ml), S. aureus drug-resistant strain (MIC=1.0 ?g/ml), Bacillus dysenteriae standard strain (MIC=2.5 ?g/ml), B. dysenteriae drug-resistant strain (MIC=5.0 ?g/ml);##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=7.5 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.19716842]32 ± 7% hemolytic activity at 50 μg/ml against human red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	19716842	Toxicon. 2010 Feb-Mar;55(2-3):274-279.	"Peng K, Kong Y, Zhai L, Wu X, Jia P, Liu J, Yu H."	Two novel antimicrobial peptides from centipede venoms.
DRAMP02409	GCLEFWWKCNPNDDKCCRPKLKCSKLFKLCNFSF	34	M-theraphotoxin-Gr1a (M-TRTX-Gr1a; GsMTx-4)	"Q7YT39, Q7M3T1"	Belongs to the huwentoxin-1 family	Not found	Grammostola rosea (Chilean rose tarantula) (Grammostola spatulata)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Beta strand (5 strands; 9 residues)	Not found	"1LU8, 1TYK resolved by NMR."	"Function: This cationic hydrophobic peptide inhibits a lot of different channels and has an antimicrobial activity. It blocks mechanosensitive ion channels (also named stretch-activated channels or SACs), without having effect on whole-cell voltage-sensitive currents. Acts by partitioning into the membrane and perturbing the interface between the channel and the lipid bilayer without necessarily being in physical contact with the channel. Inhibits atrial fibrillation as well as the membrane motor of outer hair cells at low doses. GsMTx-4 exhibites antimicrobial properties and was more active against Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom gland.
Miscellaneous: This toxin does not inhibit potassium channels Kv1.1/KCNA1 (IC50>85 ?M), Kv1.4/KCNA4 (IC50>85 ?M) and Kv11.3/KCNH7 (IC50=53 ?M).
PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=0.5 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=2-4 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=4-8 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=32.64 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=8-16 ?M), Escherichia coli (MIC=8-16 ?M). "	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	"Disulfide bonds between Cys2 and Cys17,Cys9 and Cys23,Cys16 and Cys30."	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	PubMed ID is not available##12082099##10779316##163768	Submitted (MAY-2002) to the PDB data bank##J Biol Chem. 2002 Sep 13;277(37):34443-50.##J Gen Physiol. 2000 May;115(5):583-598.##Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Feb 10;340(2):633-638.	"Jung HJ, Lee CW, Earm YE, Kim JI.##Oswald RE, Suchyna TM, McFeeters R, Gottlieb P, Sachs F.##Suchyna TM, Johnson JH, Hamer K, Leykam JF, Gage DA, Clemo HF, Baumgarten CM, Sachs F.##Jung HJ, Kim PI, Lee SK, Lee CW, Eu YJ, Lee DG, Earm YE, Kim JI."	"Solution structure of GsMTx-4, a peptide blocker of cation-selective stretch-activated channels.##Solution structure of peptide toxins that block mechanosensitive ion channels.##Identification of a peptide toxin from Grammostola spatulata spider venom that blocks cation-selective stretch-activated channels.##Lipid membrane interaction and antimicrobial activity of GsMTx-4, an inhibitor of mechanosensitive channel."
DRAMP02410	FSKYERQKDKRPYSERKNQYTGPQFLYPPERIPPQKVIKWNEEGLPIYEIPGEGGHAEPAAA	62	Antimicrobial peptide lumbricin-1 	O96447	Not found	Not found	Lumbricus rubellus (Humus earthworm)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Displays antimicrobial activity and weak hemolytic activity.
Developmental stage: Adult-specific. Not detected in eggs or 1-week-old worms but abundant in 6-month-old worms.
Induction: Constitutively expressed. Not induced by bacterial infection."	"[Ref.9784609]Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis ATCC 62037 (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 15752 (MIC=16 ?g/ml), Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 (MIC=30 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 27325 (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas putidaATCC 17426 (MIC=16 ?g/ml), Serratia sp. ATCC 21074 (MIC=16 ?g/ml);##Fungi: Candida albicans ATCC 10231 (MIC=16 ?g/ml), Cryptococcus neoformance ATCC 34881 (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 44774 (MIC=12 ?g/ml).##NOTE: Minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined by incubating approximately 104–105 CFU/ml of cells with serial dilutions of each peptide in a 96-well microtiter plate."	"[Ref.9784609]0.02% hemolytic activity at 5 μg/ml, 0.06% hemolytic activity at 10 μg/ml, 0.14% hemolytic activity at 25 μg/ml, 0.19% hemolytic activity at 50 μg/ml, 0.23% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/ml against human erythrocytes "	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	9784609	Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Oct 22;1408(1):67-76.	"Cho JH, Park CB, Yoon YG, Kim SC."	"Lumbricin I, a novel proline-rich antimicrobial peptide from the earthworm: purification, cDNA cloning and molecular characterization."
DRAMP02411	GHLGRPYIGGGGGFNRGGGFHRGGGFHRGGGFHSGGGFHRGGGFHSGGSFGYR	53	Armadillidin (Glyc-rich)	Q64HC7	Not found	Not found	Armadillidium vulgare (Pillbug) (Pill woodlouse)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacterium B. megaterium LM101.
Tissue specificity: Expressed in hemocytes and at very low levels in ovary. Not expressed in adipose tissue, brain, caecum, gut, heart and nervous chain.
PTM C-terminal amidation."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megaterium LM101 (MIC=0.5-1.25 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis LM002, Micrococcus luteus LM610, Listeria ivanovii BUG496;##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli JM83, Salmonella thyphimurium LM122, Enterobacter cloacae LM111, Citrobacter freundii LM457.##NOTE: Because of the low amount of the purified peptide, this minimal concentration activity is only tested on B. megaterium."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15752546	Dev Comp Immunol. 2005;29(6):489-499.	"Herbinière J, Braquart-Varnier C, Grève P, Strub JM, Frère J, Van Dorsselaer A, Martin G."	"Armadillidin: a novel glycine-rich antibacterial peptide directed against Gram-positive bacteria in the woodlouse Armadillidium vulgare (terrestrial isopod, crustacean)."
DRAMP02412	SYVGDCGSNGGSCVSSYCPYGNRLNYFCPLGRTCCRHAYV	40	"Panusin (Defensin-like peptide 7, PaD7) "	F6KSI8	Belongs to the beta-defensin family	Not found	Panulirus argus (Caribbean spiny lobster) (Palinurus argus)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antimicrobial peptide. Has antibacterial activity.
PTM: Contains two disulfide bonds (By similarity)."	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737 (MIC=3.46 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=4.8 ?M).	[Ref.27616720] It shows no hemolytic effect on human red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Free	"Disulfide bonds between Cys6 and Cys28,Cys13 and Cys34,Cys18 and Cys35."	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	22885029##PubMed ID is not available	Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2012 Oct;33(4):872-879.##Submitted (FEB-2012) to UniProtKB	"Montero-Alejo V, Acosta-Alba J, Perdomo-Morales R, Perera E, Hernández-Rodríguez EW, Estrada MP, Porto-Verdecia M.##Montero-Alejo V, Pacios-Michelena A, Perdomo-Morales R, Crozo G, Vega-Hurtado Y."	"Defensin like peptide from Panulirus argus relates structurally with beta defensin from vertebrates.##Panusin, a new defensin-like antimicrobial peptide from the hemocytes of spiny lobster Panulirus argus."
DRAMP02419	YENPYGCPTDEGKCFDRCNDSEFEGGYCGGSYRATCVCYRT	41	"Amblyomma defensin peptide 2 (ADP-2; Ticks, Arthropods, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Amblyomma hebraeum (Tick)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Escherichia coli (MIC=30 ?M) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=7.5 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Has three disulfide bonds	l	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	14705963	Biochem J. 2004 May 1;379(Pt 3):681-685.	"Lai R, Lomas LO, Jonczy J, Turner PC, Rees HH."	"Two novel non-cationic defensin-like antimicrobial peptides from haemolymph of the female tick, Amblyomma hebraeum."
DRAMP02421	ACHAHCQSVGRRGGYCGNFRMTCYCY	26	"Hlgut-defensin (H. longicornis midgut defensin; Ticks, Arthropods, animals)"	A4GUC3	Not found	Not found	Haemaphysalis longicornis (Bush tick)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Predicted	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Both Hlgut-defensin and Hlsal-defensin sequences have antibactrrial activity against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Induction: By a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection."	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=5-25 mg/mL);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=10-25 mg/mL).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	17521774	Peptides. 2007 Jun;28(6):1304-1310.	"Zhou J, Liao M, Ueda M, Gong H, Xuan X, Fujisaki K."	Sequence characterization and expression patterns of two defensin-like antimicrobial peptides from the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis.
DRAMP02422	NCIQQCVSKGAQGGYCTNEKCTCY	24	"Hlsal-defensin (H. longicornis salivary gland defensin; Ticks, Arthropods, animals)"	A4GUC4	Not found	Not found	Haemaphysalis longicornis (Bush tick)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Predicted	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Both Hlgut-defensin and Hlsal-defensin sequences have antibactrrial activity against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Induction: By a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection."	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=5-25 mg/mL);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=10-25 mg/mL).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	17521774	Peptides. 2007 Jun;28(6):1304-1310.	"Zhou J, Liao M, Ueda M, Gong H, Xuan X, Fujisaki K."	Sequence characterization and expression patterns of two defensin-like antimicrobial peptides from the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis.
DRAMP02423	DFGCARGMIFVCMRRCARMYPGSTGYCQGFRCMCDTMIPIRRPPFIMG	48	"HlMS-defensin (Ticks, Arthropods, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Haemaphysalis longicornis (Tick)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=18.8 ?g/ml), Bacillus licheniformis (MIC=9.4 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC25922 (MIC=28.1 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 (MIC=37.5 ?g/ml), Serratia rubidaea (MIC=28.1 ?g/ml), Psychrobacter faecalis (MIC=2.3 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=18.8 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	22033149	Dev Comp Immunol. 2012 May;37(1):207-211.	"Zheng H, Zhou L, Yang X, Wang D, Liu J."	Cloning and characterization of a male-specific defensin-like antimicrobial peptide from the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis.
DRAMP02425	QLKVDLWGTRSGIQPEQHSSGKSDVRRWRSRY	32	"Ixosin-B (Ticks, Arthropods, animals)"	A7UDM9	Not found	Not found	Ixodes sinensis (Hard tick)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antifungal and antibacterial activity. Ixosin-B has little hemolytic activity on red blood cells even with peptide
concentrations up to 200 ?g/mL."	[Ref.18295522]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=2.5 ?g/mL);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=15 ?g/mL);##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=7.5 ?g/mL).	[Ref.18295522]Little hemolytic activity on rabbit red blood cells up to 200 μg/mL	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	18295522	Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2008 Apr;149(4):557-561.	"Liu Z, Liu H, Liu X, Wu X."	"Purification and cloning of a novel antimicrobial peptide from salivary glands of the hard tick, Ixodes sinensis."
DRAMP02427	GGYYCPFFQDKCHRHCRSFGRKAGYCGGFLKKTCICV	37	"Ixodes ricinus defensin def1 (Ticks, Arthropods, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	def1	Ixodes ricinus (European tick)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Bridge	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=1.5 ?M), Micrococcus luteus(MIC=0.75 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (MIC=50 ?M)."	[Ref.21504572] It has 2.9% and 75% hemolysis at concentrations of 12.5 μM and 100 μM against human erythrocytes .	Cyclic	Free	Free	"Disulfide bonds between Cys5 and Cys26,Cys12 and Cys34,Cys16 and Cys36."	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21504572	Parasit Vectors. 2011 Apr 19;4(1):63.	"Chrudimska T, Slaninova J, Ruzek D, Rudenko N, Grubhoffer L."	Functional characterization of two defensin isoforms of the hard tick Ixodes ricinus.
DRAMP02428	GGYYCPFRQDKCHRHCRSFGRKAGYCGGFLKKTCICV	37	"Ixodes ricinus defensin def2 (Ticks, Arthropods, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	def2	Ixodes ricinus (European tick)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Bridge	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=0.75 ?M), Micrococcus luteus(MIC=0.37 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (MIC=25 ?M)."	[Ref.21504572] It has 2.0% and 64.6% hemolysis at concentrations of 12.5 μM and 100 μM against human erythrocytes .	Cyclic	Free	Free	"Disulfide bonds between Cys5 and Cys26,Cys12 and Cys34,Cys16 and Cys36."	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	21504572	Parasit Vectors. 2011 Apr 19;4(1):63.	"Chrudimska T, Slaninova J, Ruzek D, Rudenko N, Grubhoffer L."	Functional characterization of two defensin isoforms of the hard tick Ixodes ricinus.
DRAMP02429	QRGSRGQRCGPGEVFNQCGSACPRVCGRPPAQACTLQCVSGCFCRRGYIRTQRGGCIPERQCHQR	65	"Chymotrypsin-elastase inhibitor ixodidin (Ticks, Arthropods, animals)"	P83516	Not found	Not found	Boophilus microplus (Cattle tick)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Inhibits chymotrypsin and elastase. Has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterium M.luteus and the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli.
PTM: Contains five disulfide bonds."	"Escherichia coli (20% inhibition at 1mM), Micrococcus luteus(MIC=0.12-0.24 mM)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	pyroglutamic acid	Free	"Disulfide bonds between Cys9 and Cys34,Cys18 and Cys42,Cys22 and Cys38,Cys26 and Cys62,Cys44 and Cys56."	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	16191451	Peptides. 2006 Apr;27(4):667-74. 	"Foga?a AC, Almeida IC, Eberlin MN, Tanaka AS, Bulet P, Daffre S."	"Ixodidin, a novel antimicrobial peptide from the hemocytes of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus with inhibitory activity against serine proteinases."
DRAMP02430	GLHKVMREVLGYERNSYKKFFLR	23	"Ixosin (Ticks, Arthropods, animals)"	Q2LKX9	Not found	Not found	Ixodes sinensis (Hard tick)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antifungal activity against C. albicans. Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus and the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli. Little hemolytic activity against rabbit erythrocytes.	[Ref.16087274]Gram-postive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=3.7 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=30 ?g/ml);##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=7.5 ?g/ml).	[Ref.16087274]Little hemolytic activity on rabbit red blood cells up to 50 μg/mL	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	16087274	Peptides. 2006 Jan;27(1):31-5.	"Yu D, Sheng Z, Xu X, Li J, Yang H, Liu Z, Rees HH, Lai R."	"A novel antimicrobial peptide from salivary glands of the hard tick, Ixodes sinensis."
DRAMP02432	PDPGQPWQVKAGRPPCYSIPCRKHDECRVGSCSRCNNGLWGDRTCR	46	"Antimicrobial peptide ISAMP (Ticks, Arthropods, animals)"	Q8MVA6	Not found	Not found	Ixodes scapularis (Black-legged tick) (Deer tick)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antimicrobial activity and weak hemolytic.
Tissue specificity: Expressed in the fat body, hemocytes and salivary glands of partially-fed female ticks. Not expressed in the midgut."	"[Ref.19852941]Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=5.8 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=12.3 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=10.4 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli Edl 933 (MIC=3.2 ?g/ml), E. coli MG/655 (MIC=4.2 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.19852941]Insignificant hemolytic activity even up to 150 μg/ml against rabbit red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	12177149##19852941	J Exp Biol. 2002 Sep;205(Pt 18):2843-2864.##Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Dec 18;390(3):511-515.	"Valenzuela JG, Francischetti IM, Pham VM, Garfield MK, Mather TN, Ribeiro JM.##Pichu S, Ribeiro JM, Mather TN."	"Exploring the sialome of the tick Ixodes scapularis.##Purification and characterization of a novel salivary antimicrobial peptide from the tick, Ixodes scapularis."
DRAMP02433	HHQELCTKGDDALVTELECIRLRISPETNAAFDNAVQQLNCLNRACAYRKMCATNNLEQAMSVYFTNEQIKEIHDAATACDPEAHHEHDH	90	"Antimicrobial peptide microplusin (Microplusin; Ticks, Arthropods, animals)"	Q86LE5	Not found	Not found	Boophilus microplus (Cattle tick)	"Antimicrobial, Antifungal, Antibacterial"	Protein level	Alpha helix 	"Microplusin consists of five alpha-helices: alpha1 (residues Gly-9 to Arg-21), alpha2 (residues Glu-27 to Asn-40), alpha3 (residues Arg-44 to Thr-54), alpha4 (residues Leu-57 to Tyr-64), and alpha5 (residues Asn-67 to Cys-80). The N and C termini are disordered."	2KNJ?resolved by NMR.	"Function: Has bacteriostatic activity against the Gram-positive bacterium M.luteus. Has fungistatic activity against C.neoformans. Binds and sequesters copper and iron ions. Copper-chelating is crucial for antimicrobial activity against M.luteus.
Tissue specificity: Expressed in the hemocytes, fat body and ovaries.
PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds 6-52; 19-80; 41-46."	"Micrococcus luteus (MIC=0.38-0.76 ?M), Cryptococcus neoformans."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	"Disulfide bonds between Cys6 and Cys52,Cys19 and Cys80,Cys41 and Cys46."	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Metal-binding: copper II and iron II	14642886##19828445	Dev Comp Immunol. 2004 Mar;28(3):191-200.##J Biol Chem. 2009 Dec 11;284(50):34735-34746.	"Foga?a AC, Lorenzini DM, Kaku LM, Esteves E, Bulet P, Daffre S.##Silva FD, Rezende CA, Rossi DC, Esteves E, Dyszy FH, Schreier S, Gueiros-Filho F, Campos CB, Pires JR, Daffre S."	"Cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus: isolation, structural characterization and tissue expression profile.##Structure and mode of action of microplusin, a copper II-chelating antimicrobial peptide from the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus."
DRAMP02434	FSRYARMRDSRPWSDRKNNYSGPQFTYPPEKAPPEKLIKWNNEGSPIFEMPAEGGHIEP	59	Antimicrobial peptide lumbricin-PG (Lumbricin-PG)	P86929	Not found	Not found	Pheretima guillelmi (Earthworm) (Metaphire guillelmi)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Displays stronger activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus than E. coli. At the concentration of 200 g/ml, it induces 1.5 and 2.1% hemolysis of human and rabbit red blood cells, respectively."	"Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2592 (MIC=5 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=20 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=2.5 ?g/m).##Fungi: Candida albicans ATCC 2002."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	21539875	Peptides. 2011 Jun;32(6):1146-1150.	"Li W, Li S, Zhong J, Zhu Z, Liu J, Wang W."	"A novel antimicrobial peptide from skin secretions of the earthworm, Pheretima guillelmi (Michaelsen)."
DRAMP02445	LYKLVKVVLNM	11	Antimicrobial protein BL-A60	B3EWC5	Not found	Not found	Brevibacillus laterosporus (Bacillus laterosporus)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity. In P.capsici, inhibits mycelial growth (EC50=7.89 ?g/ml), formation of sporangia (EC50=0.6 ?g/ml) and cytospore germination (EC50=21.96 ?g/ml).
PTM: Contains a choline moiety at the N-terminus and a tenuazonic acid moiety at the C-terminus.
Biophysicochemical properties: pH dependence (Active between pH 3 and 11); Temperature dependence (Retains >80% activity after 15 min at 100 degrees Celsius)."	"Gram-negative bacterium: Pseudomonas solanacearum (MIC=10 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=5 ?M).##Fungi: Phytophthora capsici (MIC=15 ?M), Botrytis cinerea (MIC=25 ?M), Verticillium dahliae (MIC=200 ?M), Fusarium oxysporum (MIC=50 ?M), Xerocomus vesicolor (MIC=100 ?M). "	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	22244810	Peptides. 2012 Feb;33(2):206-211.	"Zhao J, Guo L, Zeng H, Yang X, Yuan J, Shi H, Xiong Y, Chen M, Han L, Qiu D."	Purification and characterization of a novel antimicrobial peptide from Brevibacillus laterosporus strain A60.
DRAMP02446	YSKSLPLSVLNP	12	Antimicrobial protein 1 (Antimicrobial protein AN5-1)	B3EWQ6	Not found	Not found	Paenibacillus alvei (Bacillus alvei)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has a broad inhibitory spectrum against both Gram-positive and -negative bacterial strains.
Miscellaneous: A synthetic peptide has no antibacterial activity against S. agalactiae ATCC 12386, S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA).
Biophysicochemical properties: pH dependence (Active between pH 2 and 12); Temperature dependence (Active between 37 and 90 degrees Celsius. Activity is reduced at 100 degrees Celsius and absent at 110 degrees Celsius. Activity is unaffected by storage at -20 degrees Celsius)."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Lactobacillus plantarum strain ATCC 8014 (MIC=32 ?g/ml), Lactococcus lactis ATCC 11454 (MIC>128 ?g/ml), Bacillus cereus strain ATCC 14579 (MIC=64 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=64 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=32 ?g/ml), Bacillus anthracis (MIC=128 ?g/ml) and Bacillus licheniformis (MIC>128 ?g/ml), Bacillus ?exus (MIC=32 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli strain ATCC 13076 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Enterobacter spp. (MIC=16 ?g/ml), Serratia marcescens (MIC=32 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	23508455	J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2013 Jun;40(6):571-579.	"Alkotaini B, Anuar N, Kadhum AA, Sani AA."	Detection of secreted antimicrobial peptides isolated from cell-free culture supernatant of Paenibacillus alvei AN5.
DRAMP02456	DGVCSNRRQCNKEVCGSSYDVAIVGA	26	L-amino-acid oxidase (LAAO; LAO; Dactylomelin-P)	P86163	Belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family	Not found	Aplysia dactylomela (Spotted sea hare)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of positively charged L-amino acids L-Lys and L-Arg but not of amino acids L-His, L-Asp or L-Glu. Has antibacterial activity. This antibacterial activity is bacteriostatic in the absence of amino acids L-Lys or L-Arg but bactericidal in their presence. The antibacterial effect is largely dependent on H2O2 produced in the oxidative deamination of substrates. Has hemagglutinating activity towards rabbit erythrocytes. Hemagglutinating activity is inhibited by the glycoprotein fetuin, but not by glucose, mannose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine or sialic acid.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the ink gland.
Biophysicochemical properties: Kinetic parameters (KM=0.22 mM for L-Lys; KM=0.015 mM for L-Arg); pH dependence (Optimum pH is 8. More than 50% activity is retained between pH 3 and 12. Inactive at pH 2); Temperature dependence (Activity remains stable after 30 min at 55 degrees Celsius)."	Gram-positive bacterium: S. aureus (MIC=15 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	10758276	Toxicon. 2000 Oct;38(10):1415-1427.	"Melo VM, Duarte AB, Carvalho AF, Siebra EA, Vasconcelos IM."	"Purification of a novel antibacterial and haemagglutinating protein from the purple gland of the sea hare, Aplysia dactylomela rang, 1828."
DRAMP02470	SCTTCECCCSCS	12	Nosiheptide (NOS; Antibiotic 9671-RP)	C6FX52	Belongs to the thiocillin family	nosM	Streptomyces actuosus	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Inhibits bacterial protein biosynthesis by binding to ribosomes. Specifically, binds to the complex of 23S rRNA and ribosomal protein L11 (RPLK) in the 50S ribosomal subunit. While allowing a weak binding of elongation factor G (EF-G) to the ribosome and subsequent GTP-hydrolysis, probably impairs conformational changes in both the ribosome and EF-G which are necessary for translocation. In vitro, inhibits a variety of Gram-positive bacteria and inhibits Gram-negative bacterium P. multocida strain A125 (MIC=0.0024 ?g/ml). Does not inhibit Gram-negative bacterium E. coli strain ATCC 9637 but does inhibit purified ribosomes from E. coli. In vivo, has no systemic effect in mice infected with staphylococci or streptococci when applied orally or subcutaneously. Has a local effect in mice infected subcutaneously or intraperitoneally with staphylococci when applied immediately afterwards. Is not toxic to mice.
Miscellaneous: The mature peptide is identical to multhiomycin from S. antibioticus strain 8446CC1 (PMID 681244). Used as an antibiotic growth promotant in poultry and pig farming in parts of Asia."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus strain 209P (MIC=0.0009 ?g/ml), S. aureus strain 133 (MIC=0.0019 ?g/ml), S. aureus strain B3 (MIC=0.003 ?g/ml), S. aureus strain Hb (MIC=0.003 ?g/ml), Micrococcus citreus strain ATCC 8411 (MIC=0.0038 ?g/ml), M. lysodeikticus strain ATCC 4698 (MIC=0.003 ?g/ml), Sarcina Lutea strain ATCC 9341 (MIC=0.0011 ?g/ml), Streptococcus faecalis strain ATCC 9790 (MIC=0.0007 ?g/ml), S. viridans (MIC=0.0065 ?g/ml), Streptococcus pyogenes hemolyticus strain Dig7 (MIC=0.00028 ?g/ml), Diplococcus pneumoniae strain Til (MIC=0.00015 ?g/ml), N. catrrhalis (MIC=0.0017 ?g/ml), Lactobacillus casei strain ATCC 6633 (MIC=0.003 ?g/ml), Bacillus cereus ATCC 6630 (MIC=0.0071 ?g/ml) and various isolates of Listeria monocytogenes.##Gram-negative bacterium: P. multocida strain A125 (MIC=0.0024 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	19678698##18406324	ACS Chem Biol. 2009 Oct 16;4(10):855-864.##Mol Cell. 2008 Apr 11;30(1):26-38.	"Yu Y, Duan L, Zhang Q, Liao R, Ding Y, Pan H, Wendt-Pienkowski E, Tang G, Shen B, Liu W.##Harms JM, Wilson DN, Schluenzen F, Connell SR, Stachelhaus T, Zaborowska Z, Spahn CM, Fucini P."	Nosiheptide biosynthesis featuring a unique indole side ring formation on the characteristic thiopeptide framework.##Translational regulation via L11: molecular switches on the ribosome turned on and off by thiostrepton and micrococcin.
DRAMP02473	KFFRKLKKSVKKRAKEFFKKPRVIGVSIPF	30	"Cathelicidin-BF (Cathelicidin-related protein; Snakes, reptiles, animals)"	B6D434	Not found	Not found	Bungarus fasciatus (Banded krait)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix 	Not found	None	"Function: Adopts an amphipathic alpha helical conformation, that may allow to partition into the target membrane. No hemolytic and cytotoxic activities have been observed on mammalian cells.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom gland, stomach, trachea, skin, muscle, heart, kidney, lung, brain, intestine, spleen, liver, and ovary.
Miscellaneous: A predicted cleavage site is located at position Val-157-158-Lys, giving a peptide of 34 residues instead of the 30 residues found for the purified protein. The 30 residues cathelicidin-BF could result from a further processing."	"[Ref.18795096]Gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 (MIC=1.2 ?g/ml), P. aeruginosa IS/DR (MIC=2.3 ?g/ml), P. aeruginosa 08031205 IS/DR (MIC=9.4 ?g/ml), P. aeruginosa 08031014 IS/DR (MIC=18.7 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli ATCC25922 (MIC=2.3 ?g/ml), E. coli 08A852 IS/DR (MIC=1.2 ?g/ml), E. coli 08A866 IS/DR (MIC=0.6 ?g/ml), E. coli 08031017 IS/DR (MIC=2.3 ?g/ml), E. coli 08032813 IS/DR (MIC=2.3 ?g/ml), E. coli 08040726 IS/DR (MIC=0.6 ?g/ml), E. coli 08040722 IS/DR (MIC=0.6 ?g/ml), Klebsiella pneumoniae IS/DR (MIC=4.7 ?g/ml), K. pneumoniae 08031012 IS/DR (MIC=9.4 ?g/ml), K. pneumoniae 08040202 IS/DR (MIC=0.6 ?g/ml), K. pneumoniae 08040724 IS/DR (MIC=0.3 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas luteola (MIC=1.2 ?g/ml), Salmonella Typhi IS/DR (MIC=1.2 ?g/ml), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (MIC=2.3 ?g/ml), Sphingobacterium siyangense (MIC=9.4 ?g/ml), Saccharibacillus kuerlensis (MIC=4.7 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=9.4 ?g/ml), B. pumilus (MIC=9.4 ?g/ml), B. cereus (MIC=1.2 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=4.7 ?g/ml), S. aureus 08A875 IS/DR (MIC=75 ?g/ml), S. aureus 08031002 IS/DR (MIC>100 ?g/ml), S. aureus 08031013 IS/DR (MIC>100 ?g/ml), S. aureus 08032706 IS/DR (MIC>100 ?g/ml), S. aureus 08032712 IS/DR (MIC>100 ?g/ml), S. aureus 08032810 IS/DR (MIC>100 ?g/ml), Enterococcus faecium IS/DR (MIC=150 ?g/ml);##Fungi: Aspergillus terreus GIM3.34 (MIC=18.7 ?g/ml), Aspergillus nidulans (MIC=18.7 ?g/ml), Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=4.7 ?g/ml), Pichia pastoris (MIC=0.3 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.18795096]Non-hemolytic activity at 400 ?g/ml against human red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane	18795096##18620012	PLoS One. 2008 Sep 16;3(9):e3217.##Peptides. 2008 Oct;29(10):1685-1691.	"Wang Y, Hong J, Liu X, Yang H, Liu R, Wu J, Wang A, Lin D, Lai R.##Zhao H, Gan TX, Liu XD, Jin Y, Lee WH, Shen JH, Zhang Y."	Snake cathelicidin from Bungarus fasciatus is a potent peptide antibiotics.##Identification and characterization of novel reptile cathelicidins from elapid snakes.
DRAMP02474	KFFRKLKKSVKKRAK	15	"cathelicidin-BF15 (Snakes, reptiles, animals)"	B6D434	Not found	Not found	Bungarus fasciatus (Banded krait)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 (MIC=4.7 ?g/ml), P. aeruginosa IS/DR (MIC=37.5 ?g/ml), P. aeruginosa 08031205 IS/DR (MIC=18.7 ?g/ml), P. aeruginosa 08031014 IS/DR (MIC=75 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli ATCC25922 (MIC=18.7 ?g/ml), E. coli 08A852 IS/DR (MIC=18.7 ?g/ml), E. coli 08A866 IS/DR (MIC=18.7 ?g/ml), E. coli 08031017 IS/DR (MIC=37.5 ?g/ml), E. coli 08040722 IS/DR (MIC=9.4 ?g/ml), K. pneumoniae 08040202 IS/DR (MIC=75 ?g/ml), Salmonella Typhi IS/DR (MIC=1.2 ?g/ml), Saccharibacillus kuerlensis (MIC=4.7 ?g/ml).##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=75 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 (MIC=75 ?g/ml), S. aureus 08A875 IS/DR (MIC=75 ?g/ml), S. aureus 08031002 IS/DR (MIC>100 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Candida albicans ATCC2002 (MIC=18.7 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	18795096	PLoS One. 2008 Sep 16;3(9):e3217.	"Wang Y, Hong J, Liu X, Yang H, Liu R, Wu J, Wang A, Lin D, Lai R."	Snake cathelicidin from Bungarus fasciatus is a potent peptide antibiotics.
DRAMP02478	IKFEPPLPPKKAHKKFWEDDGIYYPPNHNFP	31	"L-amino-acid oxidase (Bm-LAO; LAAO; LAO; Snakes, reptiles, animals)"	B3EWI9	Belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family (FIG1 subfamily)	Not found	Bothropoides matogrossensis (Pitviper) (Bothrops neuwiedimatogrossensis)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antiparasitic"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Catalyzes an oxidative deamination of predominantly hydrophobic and aromatic L-amino acids, thus producing hydrogen peroxide that may contribute to the diverse toxic effects of this enzyme. Exhibits diverse biological activities, such as hemorrhage, hemolysis, edema, antibacterial and antiparasitic activities, as well as regulation of platelet aggregation. Its effect on platelets is controversial, since it either induces aggregation or inhibits agonist-induced aggregation. These different effects are probably due to different experimental conditions (By similarity).
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom gland."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis strain ATCC 6633 (MIC=32 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis strain ATCC 12953 (MIC=32 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC 29213 (MIC=32 ?M), Streptococcus pyogenes strain ATCC 19615 (MIC=8 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli strain ATCC 8739 (MIC=4 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniaee strain ATCC 13885 (MIC=2 ?M), Proteus mirabilis strain ATCC 25933 (MIC=2 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ATCC 15442 (MIC=8 ?M), Salmonella typhimurium strain ATCC 14028 (MIC=8 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	22438972	PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e33639.	"Okubo BM, Silva ON, Migliolo L, Gomes DG, Porto WF, Batista CL, Ramos CS, Holanda HH, Dias SC, Franco OL, Moreno SE."	Evaluation of an antimicrobial L-amino acid oxidase and peptide derivatives from Bothropoides mattogrosensis pitviper venom.
DRAMP02520	KRFKKFFKKLKNSVKKRAKKFFKKPRVIGVSIPF	34	"OH-CATH (Snakes, reptiles, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Ophiophagus hannah (King cobra) (Naja hannah)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), E. coli ML-35P (MIC=6 ?g/ml), E. coli clinic strain (MIC=20 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA 01 (MIC=2 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinic strain (MIC=2 ?g/ml), Enterobacter aerogenes clinic strain (MIC=2 ?g/ml), E. cloacae clinic strain (MIC=1 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	18620012	Peptides. 2008 Oct;29(10):1685-1691.	"Zhao H, Gan TX, Liu XD, Jin Y, Lee WH, Shen JH, Zhang Y."	Identification and characterization of novel reptile cathelicidins from elapid snakes.
DRAMP02522	HVINLEESFQEPEYENHLA	19	"L-amino-acid oxidase (LAAO, LAO, Oh-LAAO; Snakes, reptiles, animals)"	"P81383, A8QL50"	Not found	Not found	Ophiophagus hannah (King cobra) (Naja hannah)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: It binds to bacteria and shows antibacterial activities by generating hydrogen peroxide. Binding and antibacterial activities are higher against Gram-positive than against Gram-negative bacteria. May also have an ability to induce hemorrhage, hemolysis, edema, apoptosis.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom gland.
Toxic dose: LD50 is 5 mg/kg by intravenous injection into mice.
Temperature dependence: Exhibits unusual thermal stability. At pH 7.4, the enzyme retains full activity after incubation at 25 degrees Celsius for 30 days. Is stable at alkaline condition and is not inactivated by freezing."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Klebsiella pneumonia (MIC=0.4 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=0.2 ?M), Escherichia coli (MIC=0.4 ?M), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=0.8 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=0.006 ?M), S. epidermidis (MIC=0.012 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Bacterial cell	9304806##2619759##2044840##7886693##21059402	Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1997 Jun;29(6):911-919.##Biochem Int. 1989 Oct;19(4):937-944.##Int J Biochem. 1991;23(3):323-327.##Toxicon. 1994 Nov;32(11):1349-1358.##Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2011 M	"Ahn MY, Lee BM, Kim YS.##Tan NH, Saifuddin MN.##Tan NH, Saifuddin MN.##Li ZY, Yu TF, Lian EC.##Lee ML, Tan NH, Fung SY, Sekaran SD."	Characterization and cytotoxicity of L-amino acid oxidase from the venom of king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah).##Isolation and characterization of an unusual form of L-amino acid oxidase from King cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) venom.##Substrate specificity of king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) venom L-amino acid oxidase.##Purification and characterization of L-amino acid oxidase from king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) venom and its effects on human platelet aggregation.##Antibacterial action of a heat-stabl
DRAMP02573	QVYKGGYTRPIPRPPPFVRPLPGGPIGPYNGCPVSCRGISFSQARSCCSRLGRCCHVGKGYS	62	"Penaeidin-3a (Pen-3a; shrimps, Arthropods, animals)"	P81058	Belongs to the penaeidin family	Not found	Litopenaeus vannamei (Whiteleg shrimp) (Penaeus vannamei)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Posesses antibacterial and antifungal activity. Presents chitin-binding activity.
Tissue specificity: Higher expression in hemocytes and to a lesser extent in heart, testis, gills, intestine, lymphonoid organ and hepatopancreas. Traces in eyes and subcuticular epithelium. Not present in the brain.
Developmental stage: Expression decreases 3 hours after microbial challenge to return to control levels after 12 hours and slightly increases after 24 hours.
PTM: C-terminal amidation and contains three disulfide bonds 32-47; 36-54; 48-55."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Aerococcus viridans (MIC=0.3-0.6 ?M), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=1.25-2.5 ?M), Bacillus megaterium (MIC=2.5-5 ?M), Enterococcus fecalis (MIC>20 ?M), Saphylococcus aureus (MIC>40 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli 363 (MI=10-20 ?M), Vibrio vulnificus (MIC>20 ?M), Salmonella thyphimurium (MIC>40 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC>40 ?M).##Fungi: Fusarium oxysporum (MIC=5-10 ?M), Botrytis cinerea (MIC=5-10 ?M), Neurospora crassa (MIC=1.25-2.5 ?M), Aspergillus fumigatus (MIC>20 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	pyroglutamic acid	Amidation	"Disulfide bonds between Cys32 and Cys47,Cys36 and Cys54,Cys48 and Cys55. O-glycosylated on Thr8"	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Chitin-binding	9353298##10561573##12842879	J Biol Chem. 1997 Nov 7;272(45):28398-28406.##Eur J Biochem. 1999 Dec;266(2):335-346.##J Biol Chem. 2003 Sep 19;278(38):36859-36867.	"Destoumieux D, Bulet P, Loew D, Van Dorsselaer A, Rodriguez J, Bachère E.##Destoumieux D, Bulet P, Strub JM, Van Dorsselaer A, Bachère E.##Yang Y, Poncet J, Garnier J, Zatylny C, Bachère E, Aumelas A."	"Penaeidins, a new family of antimicrobial peptides isolated from the shrimp Penaeus vannamei (Decapoda).##Recombinant expression and range of activity of penaeidins, antimicrobial peptides from penaeid shrimp.##Solution structure of the recombinant penaeidin-3, a shrimp antimicrobial peptide."
DRAMP02574	QVYKGGYARPIPRPPPFVRPLPGGPIGPYNGCPVSCRGISFSQARSCCSRLGRCCHVGKGYSG	63	"[T8A]-Penaeidin-3a ([T8A]-Pen-3a; shrimps, Arthropods, animals)"	P81058	Belongs to the penaeidin family	Not found	Litopenaeus vannamei (Whiteleg shrimp) (Penaeus vannamei)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix (1 helices; 11 residues)	"[T8A]-Pen-3a structure consists of an unconstrained and a constrained part, which roughly match with the proline-rich (1-28 residues) and the cysteine-rich (29-58 residues) domains, respectively. The proline-rich domain does not adopt a constrained structure, whereas the cysteine-rich domain adopts a well-defined structure that consists of a helix (41-50 residues) tightly bound to the upstream (27-40 residues) and the downstream (51-63 "	1UEO resolved by NMR.	"Function: Posesses antibacterial and antifungal activity. Presents chitin-binding activity.
PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Aerococcus viridans (MIC=0.4-0.8 ?M), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=0.8-1.6 ?M), Bacillus megaterium (MIC=3.12-6.25 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli 363 (MI=3.12-6.25 ?M), Vibrio vulnificus (MIC>50 ?M), Salmonella thyphimurium (MIC>50 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC>50 ?M).##Fungi: Fusarium oxysporum (MIC=3.12-6.25 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	pyroglutamic acid	Amidation	"Disulfide bonds between Cys32 and Cys47,Cys36 and Cys54,Cys48 and Cys55. O-glycosylated on Thr8"	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	12842879	J Biol Chem. 2003 Sep 19;278(38):36859-36867.	"Yang Y, Poncet J, Garnier J, Zatylny C, Bachère E, Aumelas A."	"Solution structure of the recombinant penaeidin-3, a shrimp antimicrobial peptide."
DRAMP18370	RERSKGSKYLYVG	13	"Crinicepsin-2 (insects, arthropods, invertebrates, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	"working ants, Trichomyrmex criniceps"	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"		Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: S. aureus (MIC 62 ug/ml), and weakly active against E. coli and V. cholerae (MIC 125 ug/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	28346717	Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 2017 Mar 27. in press.	"Bhagavathula N, Meedidoddi V, Bourque S, Vimaladevi R, Kesavakurup S, Selvadurai D, Shrivastava S, Krishnappa C."	"Characterization of two novel antimicrobial peptides from the cuticular extracts of the ant Trichomyrmex criniceps (Mayr), (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)."
DRAMP18371	VGVGGGFGR	9	"Crinicepsin-1 (insects, arthropods, invertebrates, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	"working ants, Trichomyrmex criniceps"	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"		Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacteria: S. aureus (MIC 125 ug/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	28346717	Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 2017 Mar 27. in press.	"Bhagavathula N, Meedidoddi V, Bourque S, Vimaladevi R, Kesavakurup S, Selvadurai D, Shrivastava S, Krishnappa C."	"Characterization of two novel antimicrobial peptides from the cuticular extracts of the ant Trichomyrmex criniceps (Mayr), (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)."
DRAMP02584	HSSGYTRPLPKPSRPIFIRPIGCDVCYGIPSSTARLCCFRYGDCCHR	47	"Penaeidin-4a (Pen-4a; shrimps, Arthropods, animals)"	Q95NT0	Belongs to the penaeidin family	Not found	Litopenaeus vannamei (Whiteleg shrimp) (Penaeus vannamei)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Posesses antibacterial and antifungal activity. Presents chitin-binding activity (By similarity).
PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds 23-37; 26-44; 38-45 and C-terminal amidation."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Aerococcus viridans (MIC=1.9-2.92 ?M), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=1.9-2.92 ?M), Bacillus megaterium (MIC>50 ?M), Saphylococcus aureus (MIC>50 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli 363 (MIC=22-33 ?M), Vibrio vulnificus (MIC>50 ?M), Salmonella thyphimurium (MIC>50 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC>50 ?M).##Fungi: Fusarium oxysporum (MIC=0.84-1.26 ?M), Botrytis cinerea (MIC=4.38-6.57 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Amidation	"Disulfide bonds between Cys23 and Cys37,Cys26 and Cys44,Cys38 and Cys45."	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Chitin-binding	12242595##15084144	Immunogenetics. 2002 Sep;54(6):442-445.##Biochem J. 2004 Jul 1;381(Pt 1):79-86.	"Cuthbertson BJ, Shepard EF, Chapman RW, Gross PS.##Cuthbertson BJ, Bullesbach EE, Fievet J, Bachère E, Gross PS."	Diversity of the penaeidin antimicrobial peptides in two shrimp species.##A new class (penaeidin class 4) of antimicrobial peptides from the Atlantic white shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus) exhibits target specificity and an independent proline-rich-domain function.
DRAMP02586	QRGGFTGPIPRPPPHGRPPLGPICNACYRLSFSDVRICCNFLGKCCHLVK	50	"Penaeidin-2d (Pen-2d; shrimps, Arthropods, animals)"	Q962A9	Belongs to the penaeidin family	Not found	Litopenaeus setiferus (Atlantic white shrimp) (Penaeus setiferus)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial and antifungal activity. Presents chitin-binding activity (By similarity).
Subcellular location: Cytoplasmic granule. Note: Cytoplasmic granules of hemocytes and to a lesser."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Aerococcus viridans (MIC=1.25-2.5 ?M), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=2.5-5 ?M), Bacillus megaterium (MIC=2.5-5 ?M), Enterococcus fecalis (MIC>20 ?M), Saphylococcus aureus (MIC>20 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli 363 (MIC>40 ?M), Vibrio vulnificus (MIC>20 ?M), Salmonella thyphimurium (MIC>20 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC>20 ?M).##Fungi: Fusarium oxysporum (MIC=5-10 ?M), Botrytis cinerea (MIC=5-10 ?M), Neurospora crassa (MIC=2.5-5 ?M), Aspergillus fumigatus (MIC>20 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Chitin-binding	12242595##10561573	Immunogenetics. 2002 Sep;54(6):442-445.##Eur J Biochem. 1999 Dec;266(2):335-346.	"Cuthbertson BJ, Shepard EF, Chapman RW, Gross PS.##Destoumieux D, Bulet P, Strub JM, Van Dorsselaer A, Bachère E."	"Diversity of the penaeidin antimicrobial peptides in two shrimp species.##Recombinant expression and range of activity of penaeidins, antimicrobial peptides from penaeid shrimp."
DRAMP02591	HSSGYTRPLRKPSRPIFIRPIGCDVCYGIPSSTARLCCFRYGDCCHL	47	"Penaeidin-4d (Pen-4d; shrimps, Arthropods, animals)"	Q962A7	Belongs to the penaeidin family	Not found	Litopenaeus setiferus (Atlantic white shrimp) (Penaeus setiferus)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix (1 helices; 9 residues)	"Calculation of PEN4 three-dimensional structure reveales that the PEN4 structure consisted of an unconstrained and a constrained part, which roughly match with the PRD (residues 1-17) and the CRD (residues 18-47), respectively. The global fold of the CRD mainly consisted of a helix (residues 31-41), two turns of type IV (Cys23-Cys26 and Gly42-Cys45 residues), and one loop spanning 27-30 residues (Ref.2)."	1XV3 resolved by NMR.	"Function: Posesses antibacterial and antifungal activity. Presents chitin-binding activity (By similarity).
PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds 23-37; 26-44; 38-45."	"Fungi: Fusarium oxysporum (MIC=0.84-1.26 ?M), Botrytis cinerea (MIC=4.38-6.57 ?M), Penicillium crustosum (MIC=1.26-1.9 ?M).## Gram-positive bacteria: Aerococcus viridans (MIC=1.9-2.92 ?M), Bacillus megaterium (MIC>50 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Chitin-binding	12242595##15699044	Immunogenetics. 2002 Sep;54(6):442-445.##J Biol Chem. 2005 Apr 22;280(16):16009-18.	"Cuthbertson BJ, Shepard EF, Chapman RW, Gross PS.##Cuthbertson BJ, Yang Y, Bachère E, Büllesbach EE, Gross PS, Aumelas A."	Diversity of the penaeidin antimicrobial peptides in two shrimp species.##Solution structure of synthetic penaeidin-4 with structural and functional comparisons with penaeidin-3.
DRAMP02603	AALRGALRAVARVGKAILPHVAIANPYVRTPYVHNNP	37	"Putative antimicrobial peptide A Northern Europe Heligoland (chordates, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Ciona intestinalis 	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megaterium (MIC=0.1 ?M), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=3.1 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC>25 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=25 ?M).##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli K12 D31 (MIC=0.8 ?M), Y. enterocolitica (MIC=3.1 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC>25?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=12.5 ?M), Serratia marcescens(MIC>25 ?M).##Fungi: Candida albicans ATCC 10261 (MIC=6.3 ?M), Candida albicans SC 5314 (MIC=6.3 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	17658598	Dev Comp Immunol. 2008;32(3):286-298. 	"Fedders H, Leippe M."	A reverse search for antimicrobial peptides in Ciona intestinalis: identification of a gene family expressed in hemocytes and evaluation of activity.
DRAMP02609	RLGDILQKAREKIEGGLKKLVQKIKDFFGKFAPRTES	37	"CjaRL-37 (cathelicidin; primates, mammals, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Platyrrhini (New World monkeys)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial activity.	"In 20% TSB in SPB medium: Escherichia coli (MIC=4 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC>32 ?M); Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=32 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC>32 ?M).##In 20% SAB in SPB medium: Candida albicans (MIC>32 ?M). In 5% SAB in SPB Candida albicans (MIC>32 ?M). In 20% SAB in PIL Candida albicans (MIC>32 ?M).##In 5% TSB in SPB Escherichia coli (MIC=1 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=2 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=8-16 ?M).##In 20% TSB in PIL Escherichia coli (MIC>32 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC>32 ?M); Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=16 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC>32 ?M).##In 50% MH in SPB medium Escherichia coli (MIC>32 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	16720578	J Biol Chem. 2006 Jul 21;281(29):19861-19871.	"Zelezetsky I, Pontillo A, Puzzi L, Antcheva N, Segat L, Pacor S, Crovella S, Tossi A."	Evolution of the primate cathelicidin. Correlation between structural variations and antimicrobial activity.
DRAMP02650	APIIRRIPYYPEVESDLRIVDCKRSEGFCQEYCNYLETQVGYCSKKKDACCLH	53	"Sperm associated antigen 11 isoform C (primates, mammals, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Macaca mulatta (Rhesus monkey)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=50-100 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15229135	Biol Reprod. 2004 Nov;71(5):1453-1460. 	"Avellar MC, Honda L, Hamil KG, Yenugu S, Grossman G, Petrusz P, French FS, Hall SH."	Differential expression and antibacterial activity of epididymis protein 2 isoforms in the male reproductive tract of human and rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).
DRAMP02727	SLGNFFRKARKKIGEEFKRIVQRIKDFLQHLIPRTEA	37	"HmdSL-37 (cathelicidin; primates, mammals, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Hylobates sp. (Gibbon)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial activity.	"In 20% TSB in SPB medium Escherichia coli (MIC=2 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=8 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC>32 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC=8 ?M).##In 20% SAB in SPB Candida albicans (MIC>32 ?M). In 5% SAB in SPB Candida albicans (MIC=8 ?M). In 20% SAB in PIL Candida albicans (MIC>32 ?M).##In 5% TSB in SPB Escherichia coli (MIC=1 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=2 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=2 ?M).##In 20% TSB in PIL Escherichia coli (MIC>32 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=16-32 ?M); Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=8-16 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC>32 ?M).##In 50% MH in SPB medium Escherichia coli (MIC>32 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	16720578	J Biol Chem. 2006 Jul 21;281(29):19861-19871.	"Zelezetsky I, Pontillo A, Puzzi L, Antcheva N, Segat L, Pacor S, Crovella S, Tossi A."	Evolution of the primate cathelicidin. Correlation between structural variations and antimicrobial activity.
DRAMP18369	VSFPWSCAALSGVCRQGACLPSELYFGPLGCGKGSLCCVSYFL	43	ccBD(channel catfish beta defensin)	No entry found	Belongs to the beta-defensin family.	Not found	"skin, Ictalurus punctatus"	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"		bridge	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Active against Gram- E. coli, E. ictaluri, Y. ruckeri, A. hydrophila, A. veronii, Gram+ S. aureus, S. iniae, and S. agalactiae (MIC 12.5-25 ug/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	"Disulfide bonds between Cys7 and Cys37,Cys14 and Cys31,Cys19 and Cys38."	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	28340427	Mol Immunol. 2017 Mar 21;85:256-264.	"Zhu J, Wang H, Wang J, Wang X, Peng S, Geng Y, Wang K, Ouyang P, Li Z, Huang X, Chen D."	Identification and characterization of a 
DRAMP02740	YDLSKNCRLRGGICYIGKCPRRFFRSGSCSRGNVCCLRFG	40	"TBD-1 (Turtle beta-defensin 1; Reptiles, animals)"	P86253	Belongs to the beta-defensin family	Not found	Emys orbicularis (European pond turtle)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC 33591 and L. monocytogenes EGD, the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli ML53p and the yeast C. albicans 820. Has no hemolytic activity towards human erythrocytes.
PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds 7-35; 14-29; 19-36."	"[Ref.19253295]Gram-negative bacterium (LS, HS): Escherichia coli ML35p (MIC=0.65, >20 ?mol/L);##Gram-positive bacteria: (LS, HS): Listeria monocytogenes EGD (MIC=0.65, >20 ?mol/L), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 (MIC=5.6, >20 ?mol/L).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=5.2, >20 ?mol/L).##NOTE: LS (low salt): 10 mmol/L sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and HS (high salt): 10 mmol/L sodium-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), 0.1 mol/L sodium chloride."	[Ref.19253295] It has no hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes up to 25 mmol/L	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bonds between Cys7 and Cys35; Cys14 and Cys29; Cys19 and Cys36.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	19253295	Proteomics. 2009 Mar;9(5):1364-1373.	"Stegemann C, Kolobov A Jr, Leonova YF, Knappe D, Shamova O, Ovchinnikova TV, Kokryakov VN, Hoffmann R."	"Isolation, purification and de novo sequencing of TBD-1, the first beta-defensin from leukocytes of reptiles."
DRAMP02768	GLGSVFGRLARILGRVIPKVAKKLGPKVAKVLPKVMKEAIPMAVEMAKSQEEQQPQ	56	"Pilosulin-1 (Myr b I; ants, insects, animals)"	"Q07932, Q9TWC1"	Belongs to the pilosulin family	Not found	Myrmecia banksi (Jack jumper ant) (Australian jumper ant)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix 	Not found	None	"Function: Has strong cytotoxic and hemolytic activities. Is more potent against mononuclear leukocytes than against granulocytes. The synthesized peptide 57-76 shows a potent and broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and also against the fungus C. albicans. Adopts an alpha-helical structure.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom gland.
Allergenic properties: Causes an allergic reaction in human."	"[Ref.9813247]Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus (MIC=0.5 ?M), Enterococcus spp.I-11305b (MIC=2 ?M), Enterococcus spp. I-11054 (MIC=2 ?M), Staphylococcus simulans 22 (MIC=2 ?M), S. haemolyticus I-10925 (MIC=2 ?M), S. epidermidis LT1324 (MIC=2 ?M), S. aureuss 5185 (MI=2 ?M), S. aureuss methicillin-sensitive I-11574 (MIC=2 ?M), S. aureuss (MRSA) LT1338 (MIC=3 ?M), S. aureuss (MRSA) LT1334 (MIC=1.5 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Citrobacter freundii I-11090 (MIC=2 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae I-10910 (MIC=2 ?M), Escherichia coli I-11276b (MIC=4 ?M), E. coli O-19592 (MIC=2 ?M), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia O-16451 (MIC=2 ?M), S. maltophila I-10717 (MIC=2 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4991 (MIC=4 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa I-10968 (MIC=4 ?M);##Fungi: Candida albicans I-11301 (MIC=4 ?M), Candida albicans I-11134 (MIC>4 ?M)."	[Ref.9813247]Complete lysis in the presence of pilosulin 1 was obtained at a concentration of 40 μM with evidence of partial lysis visible down to 1.25 μM	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	IgE	9813247##9701394##15639237##8866004	Arch Biochem Biophys. 2005 Feb 15;434(2):358-364.##Cytometry. 1998 Aug 1;32(4):268-273.##Arch Biochem Biophys. 2005 Feb 15;434(2):358-364.##Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1996 Aug;39(5):877-885.	"Zelezetsky I, Pag U, Antcheva N, Sahl HG, Tossi A.##King MA, Wu QX, Donovan GR, Baldo BA.##Zelezetsky I, Pag U, Antcheva N, Sahl HG, Tossi A.##Donovan GR, Street MD, Tetaz T, Smith AI, Alewood D, Alewood P, Sutherland SK, Baldo BA."	Identification and optimization of an antimicrobial peptide from the ant venom toxin pilosulin.##Flow cytometric analysis of cell killing by the jumper ant venom peptide pilosulin 1.##Identification and optimization of an antimicrobial peptide from the ant venom toxin pilosulin.##Expression of jumper ant (Myrmecia pilosula) venom allergens: post-translational processing of allergen gene products.
DRAMP02777	SLQPGAPNFPMPGSQLPTSITSNIEKQGPNTAATINAQHKTDRYDVGATWSKVIRGPGRSKPNWSIGGTYRW	72	"Rhinocerosin (Insects, animals)"	O76145	Belongs to the coleoptericin family	Not found	Oryctes rhinoceros (Coconut rhinoceros beetle)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus but not against Pseudomonas aeruginosa."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=1 ?g/ml), Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC=1 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=1 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	9738915	Eur J Biochem. 1998 Aug 1;255(3):734-738.	"Yang J, Yamamoto M, Ishibashi J, Taniai K, Yamakawa M."	"Isolation, cDNA cloning and gene expression of an antibacterial protein from larvae of the coconut rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros."
DRAMP01623	LIGPVLGLVGSALGGLLKKI	20	"Bombinin-H4 (bombinin H isomers; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82284	Belongs to the bombinin family	Not found	Bombina variegata (European frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, hemolytic against mammalian cells, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix	"The epimerization reaction is incomplete, or, after racemization, the peptides still containing the L-amino acid in position 2 are partly degraded."	None	Function: Have antimicrobial activity. Have some hemolytic activity.	[Ref.8223491] Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli D21 (MIC=4.8 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (MIC=3.3 ?M).	[Ref.8223491] Lethal concentration is 14.6 ?M against human red blood cell.	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	8223491	EMBO J. 1993; 12:4829-4832.	"Mignogna G, Simmaco M, Kreil G, Barra D.1993"	Antibacterial and haemolytic peptides containing D-alloisoleucine from the skin of Bombina variegata.
DRAMP02779	VTCDLLSFEAKGFAANHSICAAHCLAIGRKGGSCQNGVCVCRN	43	"Defensin-A (Defensin A; Insects, animals)"	P83669	Belongs to the invertebrate defensin family (Type 1 subfamily)	Not found	Anomala cuprea (Cupreous chafer beetle)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Bridge	Not found	None	"Function: Strong activity against the Gram-positive bacteria M.luteus, B.megaterium and S. aureus. Reduced activity against Gram-positive bacterium B.subtilis and weak activity against Gram-negative bacterium X.japonicus.
PTM: Problely contains three disulfide bonds 3-34; 20-39; 24-41."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megaterium (MIC=1.2-2.5 ?M), Bacillus subtilis (MIC>40 ?M), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=1.2-2.5 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=2.5-5 ?M).##Gram-negative bacteria: Enterobacter asbriae (MIC>40 ?M), Escherichia coli (MIC>40 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC>40 ?M), Serratia marcescens (MIC>40 ?M), Xenorhabdus japonicus (MIC>40 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bonds between Cys3 and Cys34; Cys20 and Cys39; Cys24 and Cys41.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	11719071	Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2001 Dec;32(1):75-84.	Yamauchi H.	"Two novel insect defensins from larvae of the cupreous chafer, Anomala cuprea: purification, amino acid sequences and antibacterial activity."
DRAMP02780	VTCDLLSFEAKGFAANHSICAAHCLVIGRKGGACQNGVCVCRN	43	"Defensin-B (Defensin B; Insects, animals)"	P83668	Belongs to the invertebrate defensin family (Type 1 subfamily)	Not found	Anomala cuprea (Cupreous chafer beetle)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Bridge	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and the Gram-negative bacterium X. japonicus.
PTM: Problely contains three disulfide bonds 3-34; 20-39; 24-41."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megaterium (MIC=1.2-2.5 ?M), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=20-40 ?M), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=1.2-2.5 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=2.5-5 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: X. japonicus (MIC=20-40 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bonds between Cys3 and Cys34; Cys20 and Cys39; Cys24 and Cys41.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	11719071	Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2001 Dec;32(1):75-84.	Yamauchi H.	"Two novel insect defensins from larvae of the cupreous chafer, Anomala cuprea: purification, amino acid sequences and antibacterial activity."
DRAMP02802	AREASKSLIGTASCTCRRAWICRWGERHSGKCIDQKGSTYRLCCRR	46	"Paneth cell-specific alpha-defensin 1 (DEFA1; horse defensin; houses, mammals, animals"	A6YB85	Not found	DEFA1	Equus caballus (Horse)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Predicted	Not found	Not found	2MXQ resolved by NMR.	Function: Membrane permeabilization is at least an essential part of the peptide's mode of action.	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli [ATCC 11775 (MBC=0.4 ?M); ATCC 25922 (MBC=0.4 ?M); ATCC 35218 (MBC=0.4 ?M)], E. coli D31 (MBC=0.8 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 11440 (MBC=3 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus [ATCC 6538 (MBC=0.8 ?M); ATCC 12600 (MBC=1.5 ?M)], Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990 (MBC=1.5 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (MBC=6.1 ?M), E. faecalis PEG 205 (wild-type) (MBC=3 ?M), Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 12344 (MBC=0.8 ?M), Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581 (MBC=0.2 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 24433 (MIC=0.8 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bonds between Cys14 and Cys44; Cys16 and Cys32; Cys22 and Cys43.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17620056	Biochem J. 2007 Oct 15;407(2):267-276.	"Bruhn O, Regenhard P, Michalek M, Paul S, Gelhaus C, Jung S, Thaller G, Podschun R, Leippe M, Gr?tzinger J, Kalm E."	"A novel horse alpha-defensin: gene transcription, recombinant expression and characterization of the structure and function."
DRAMP02809	HPHVCTSYYCSKFCGTAGCTRYGCRNLHRGKLCFCLHCSR	40	"Myticin-B (Myt B; Cys-rich; molluscas, animals)"	P82102	Not found	Not found	Mytilus galloprovincialis (Mediterranean mussel)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Rich	Not found	None	"Function: Bacteriolytic activity against Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. Also possesses antifungal activity against F. oxysporum.
PTM: contains four disulfide bonds."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus (MBC=1-2 ?M), Bacillus megaterium (MBC=1-2 ?M), Aerococcus viridans (MBC=2-4 ?M).##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli D31 (MBC=20-10 ?M).##Fungi: Fusarium oxysporum (MIC=5-10 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	contains four disulfide bonds.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10491159	Eur J Biochem. 1999 Oct 1;265(1):71-78.	"Mitta G, Hubert F, No?l T, Roch P."	"Myticin, a novel cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptide isolated from haemocytes and plasma of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis."
DRAMP02811	GFGCPNNYQCHRHCKSIPGRCGGYCGGWHRLRCTCYRC	38	"Defensin MGD-1 (molluscas, animals)"	"P80571, Q9Y0B0"	Not found	FH3	Mytilus galloprovincialis (Mediterranean mussel)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Combine helix and strand structure	"The three-dimensional solution structure of MGD-1 has been established using (1)H NMR and mainly consists of a helical part (Asn7-Ser16) and two antiparallel beta-strands (Arg20-Cys25 and Cys33-Arg37), together giving rise to the common cystine-stabilized alpha-beta motif frequently observed in scorpion toxins. In MGD-1, the cystine-stabilized alpha-beta motif is stabilized by four disulfide bonds (Cys4-Cys25, Cys10-Cys33, Cys14-Cys35, "	1FJN resolved by NMR.	"Function: Active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but is not cytotoxic towards human erythrocytes or protozoa.
Transgenic plants: expression of this peptide in tobacco improves resistance to pathogens.
PTM: Contains four disulfide bonds 4-25; 10-33; 14-35; 21-38."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus (MIC=0.4 ?M)&(MBC=1.5 ?M), Bacillus megaterium (MIC=0.8 ?M)&(MBC=1.5 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=0.6 ?M)&(MBC=1.2 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=3.1 ?M)&(MBC=6.2 ?M), Enterococcus fecalis (MIC=0.6 ?M)&(MBC=1.2 ?M), Aerococcus viridans (MIC=0.4 ?M)&(MBC=1.5 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli D31 (MIC=1.2 ?M)&(MBC=1.2 ?M), E. coli 363 (MIC=1.2 ?M)&(MBC=1.2 ?M), Salmonella newport (MIC>100 ?M)&(MBC>100 ?M), Vibrio alginolyticus (MIC=50 ?M)&(MBC>100 ?M), Vibrio harveyi (MIC=50 ?M)&(MBC=100 ?M), Vibrio metshnikovii (MIC>100 ?M)&(MBC>100 ?M).##NOTE: MIC=minimal inhibitory concentration; MBC = minimal bactericidal concentration."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	"Disulfide bond between Cys4 and Cys25, Cys10 and Cys33, Cys14 and Cys35,Cys21 and Cys38."	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10564642##8925841##11087396	J. Cell Sci. 1999;112:4233-4242.##Eur. J. Biochem. 1996;240:302-306.##Biochemistry 2000 Nov 28;39(47):14436-47.	"Mitta G, Vandenbulcke F, Hubert F, Roch P.##Hubert F, Noeel T, Roch P.##Yang YS, Mitta G, Chavanieu A, Calas B, Sanchez JF, Roch P, Aumelas A."	Mussel defensins are synthesised and processed in granulocytes then released into the plasma after bacterial challenge.##A member of the arthropod defensin family from edible Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis).##Solution structure and activity of the synthetic four-disulfide bond Mediterranean mussel defensin (MGD-1).
DRAMP02813	FHPSLWVLIPQYIQLIRKILKSG	23	Conolysin-Mt1	P0C8S6	Not found	Not found	Conus mustelinus (Weasel cone)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: This cytolytic peptide has ability to disrupt the integrity of cell membranes from both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It permeabilizes both negatively charged prokaryotic (PE:PG) and zwitterionic eukaryotic (PC:cholesterol) model membranes. It has potent hemolytic activity on human erythrocytes and exhibits low antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli and the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus. Intracranial injection causes mice to shuffle backward until the encounter an obstacle, at which time the mouse jump into the air. The backward shuffle is reminiscent to the signature dance 'moonwalk' that gained widespread popularity after being performed by Michael Jackson.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom duct.
Miscellaneous: The mature peptide does not contain cysteine residue. Mt1 and Mt2 peptides are found in a ratio of 1:4. Mt1 is more active when intracranially injected."	[Ref.17927208]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=25-50 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC>50 ?M).	[Ref.17927208]95% hemolytic activity at 25 μM against human red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	17927208	Biochemistry. 2007 Nov 6;46(44):12586-12593. 	"Biggs J.S, Rosenfeld Y, Shai Y, Olivera B.M."	Conolysin-Mt: a conus peptide that disrupts cellular membranes.
DRAMP02817	VDKGSYLPRPTPPRPIYNRN	20	Pyrrhocoricin	"P37362, P80307"	Belongs to the drosocin family	Not found	Pyrrhocoris apterus (Sap sucking bug) (Cimex apterus)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Combine helix and strand structure	Not found	4EZN resolved by X-ray.	"Function: Antibacterial peptide. Affects Gram-negative bacteria E.coli 1106, P.aeruginosa, E.coli D22 and E.cloacae and Gram-positive bacteria M.luteus and B.subtilis."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus (MIC>80 ?M in L.B, P.B), Bacillus megaterium (MIC>80 ?M in L.B, P.B);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coliD22 (MIC=0.3 ?M in L.B, P.B), A.tumefaciens (MIC=1.25 ?M in LB and 3 ?M in PB), Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=5 ?M in L.B and 10 ?M in P.B)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	10076062##8002963##23562829	Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999 Feb 2;1426(3):459-467.##Biochem J. 1994 Jun 1;300 (Pt 2):567-575.##J Mol Biol. 2013 Jul 24;425(14):2463-2479.	"Hoffmann R, Bulet P, Urge L, Otv?s L Jr.##Cociancich S, Dupont A, Hegy G, Lanot R, Holder F, Hetru C, Hoffmann JA, Bulet P.##Zahn M, Berthold N, Kieslich B, Knappe D, Hoffmann R, Str?ter N."	"Range of activity and metabolic stability of synthetic antibacterial glycopeptides from insects.##Novel inducible antibacterial peptides from a hemipteran insect, the sap-sucking bug Pyrrhocoris apterus.##Structural Studies on the Forward and Reverse Binding Modes of Peptides to the Chaperone DnaK."
DRAMP02835	FAEPLPSEEEGESYSKEVPEMEKRYGGFM	29	"Enkelytin (one chain of Proenkephalin-A; mammals, animals)"	"P01211, Q2T9T4"	Belongs to the opioid neuropeptide precursor family	PENK	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus (MIC=0.2-0.4 ?M), Bacillus megaterium (MIC=0.2-0.4 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	6952189##8654396	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jan;79(2):360-364.##Eur J Biochem. 1996 Feb 1;235(3):516-525.	"Comb M, Herbert E, Crea R.##Goumon Y, Strub JM, Moniatte M, Nullans G, Poteur L, Hubert P, Van Dorsselaer A, Aunis D, Metz-Boutigue MH."	Partial characterization of the mRNA that codes for enkephalins in bovine adrenal medulla and human pheochromocytoma.##The C-terminal bisphosphorylated proenkephalin-A-(209-237)-peptide from adrenal medullary chromaffin granules possesses antibacterial activity.
DRAMP01381	GLFTLIKGAAKLIGKTVPKKQARLGMNLWLVKLPTNVKT	39	"Odorranain-K1 (OdK1; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	A6MBN8	Not found	Not found	Odorrana grahami (Yunnanfu frog) (Rana grahami)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Transcript level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Odorranain-K1 exhibites antimicrobial activities against all of the tested microbes including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi.	"[Ref.17272268] Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=4.68 μg/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=4.68 μg/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=1.10 μg/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=1.10 μg/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	17272268	Mol Cell Proteomics. 2007 May;6(5):882-894.	"Li J, Xu X, Xu C, Zhou W, Zhang K, Yu H, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Rees HH, Lai R, Yang D, Wu J."	Anti-infection peptidomics of amphibian skin.
DRAMP01383	ATAWDFGPHGLLPIRPIRIRPLCGKDKS	28	"Odorranain-M1 (OdM1; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	A6MBP6	Not found	Not found	Odorrana grahami (Yunnanfu frog) (Rana grahami)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Transcript level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Odorranain-M1 exhibites antimicrobial activities against all of the tested microbes including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi.	"[Ref.17272268] Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=9.37 μg/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=4.68 μg/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=75 μg/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=18.75 μg/ml). "	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	17272268	Mol Cell Proteomics. 2007 May;6(5):882-894.	"Li J, Xu X, Xu C, Zhou W, Zhang K, Yu H, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Rees HH, Lai R, Yang D, Wu J."	Anti-infection peptidomics of amphibian skin.
DRAMP02841	RQKDKRPYSERKNQYTGPQFLYPPERIPPQKVIK	34	Lumbricin I(6–34)	O96447	Not found	Not found	Synthetic construct (derived from residues 6–34 of lumbricin I)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Lumbricin I(6-34) has marginally stronger antimicrobial activities than lumbricin I. Has weak hemolytic activity  when tested against human erythrocytes.	"[Ref.9784609]Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis ATCC 62037 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 15752 (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 (MIC=20 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 27325 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas putidaATCC 17426 (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Serratia sp. ATCC 21074 (MIC=12 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Candida albicans ATCC 10231 (MIC=12 ?g/ml), Cryptococcus neoformance ATCC 34881 (MIC=16 ?g/ml), Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 44774 (MIC=8 ?g/ml).##NOTE: Minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined by incubating approximately 104–105 CFU/ml of cells with serial dilutions of each peptide in a 96-well microtiter plate.."	"[Ref.9784609]0.03% hemolytic activity at 5 μg/ml, 0.07% hemolytic activity at 10 μg/ml, 0.13% hemolytic activity at 25 μg/ml, 0.17% hemolytic activity at 50 μg/ml, 0.21% hemolytic activity at 100 μg/ml against human erythrocytes"	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	9784609	Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Oct 22;1408(1):67-76.	"Cho JH, Park CB, Yoon YG, Kim SC."	"Lumbricin I, a novel proline-rich antimicrobial peptide from the earthworm: purification, cDNA cloning and molecular characterization."
DRAMP02843	ILKKWPWWPWRRKX	14	"chain a, Structure Of An Indolicidin Peptide Derivative With"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Non helix or strand structure	Not found	1QXQ resolved by NMR.	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=16 ?g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=64 ?g/ml), S. typhimurium defensin sensitive (MIC=2 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=16 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (MIC=16 ?g/ml), S. epidermidis (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC>64 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	11123901	Biochemistry. 2000 Dec 26;39(51):15765-15774.	"Rozek A, Friedrich CL, Hancock RE."	Structure of the bovine antimicrobial peptide indolicidin bound to dodecylphosphocholine and sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles.
DRAMP02844	ILAWKWAWWAWRR	13	"CP10A (Indolicidin peptide derivative; mammals, animals)"	P33046	Not found	Not found	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Alpha helix (1 helices; 8 residues)	The structure of CP10A in DPC micelles determined from NMR data is mainly a-helical with elements of 310 helical geometry. 	1HR1 resolved by NMR.	"Function: A derivative of indolicidin, CP10A, has alanine residues substituted for proline residues and has improved activity against Gram-positive organisms.
Chemical modification: C-terminal amidation."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), S. aureus SAP0017 MRSA (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus haemolyticus Clinical isolate (MIC=2 ?g/ml), S. haemolyticus Vancomycin-resistant isolate (MIC=1 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis Clinical isolate (MIC=2 ?g/ml), Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Listeria monocytogenes NCTC 7973 (MIC=1 ?g/ml), Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 (MIC=1 ?g/ml), Corynebacterium xerosis Lab strain (MIC=1 ?g/ml).(Ref.2)"	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	11294848	"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1999,43:1542-1548."	"Friedrich, C, M. G. Scott, N. Karunaratne, H. Yan, and R. E. Hancock."	"Salt-resistant alpha-helical cationic antimicrobial peptides.##Antibacterial Action of Structurally Diverse Cationic
Peptides on Gram-Positive Bacteria."
DRAMP02845	ICLKKWPWWPWRRCKX	16	"CP-11 (cathelicidin; mammals, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Non helix or strand structure	Not found	1QX9 resolved by NMR.	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=16 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=64 ?g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium(MIC=64 ?g/ml), S. typhimurium defensin sensitive (MIC=4 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=16 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (MIC=16 ?g/ml), S. epidermidis(MIC=8 ?g/ml), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC=64 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	11123901##14640680 	Biochemistry. 2000 Dec 26;39(51):15765-15774.##Biochemistry. 2003 Dec 9;42(48):14130-14138.	"Rozek A, Friedrich CL, Hancock RE.##Rozek, A.; Powers, JP.; Friedrich, CL.; Hancock, RE. "	Structure of the bovine antimicrobial peptide indolicidin bound to dodecylphosphocholine and sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles.##Structure-based design of an indolicidin peptide analogue with increased protease stability. 
DRAMP02849	RFRPPIRRPPIRPPFYPPFRPPIRPPIFPPIRPPFRPPLRFP	42	"Bactenecin 5 (mammals, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=2-10 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	2229048	J Biol Chem. 1990 Nov 5;265(31):18871-18874.	"Frank RW, Gennaro R, Schneider K, Przybylski M, Romeo D."	Amino acid sequences of two proline-rich bactenecins. Antimicrobial peptides of bovine neutrophils.
DRAMP02851	RLCRIVVIRVCR	12	"Cathelicidin-1 (Bactenecin-1, Bac1; Cyclic dodecapeptide; mammals, animals)"	"P22226, A5PJA3, Q24JY5"	Belongs to the cathelicidin family	CATHL1	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Bridge	Three disulfide bonds.	None	"Function: Potent microbicidal activity; active against S.aureus and E.coli.
Tissue specificity: Large granules of neutrophils.
PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds."	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=1-8 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=8-25 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys3 and Cys11.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	3290210	J Biol Chem. 1988 Jul 15;263(20):9573-9575.	"Romeo D, Skerlavaj B, Bolognesi M, Gennaro R."	Structure and bactericidal activity of an antibiotic dodecapeptide purified from bovine neutrophils.
DRAMP02854	GGLRSLGRKILRAWKKYGPIIVPIIRIG	28	Cathelicidin-5 (Antibacterial peptide BMAP-28; Myeloid antib	"P54229, A5PJ96, B9UKL6"	Belongs to the cathelicidin family	CATHL5	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix	Not found	None	"Function: Exerts a potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and fungi.
PTM: Contains two disulfide bonds. (By similarity)"	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=2 ?M), E. coli ML35 (MIC=2 ?M), E. coli D21 (MIC=0.5 ?M), Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 (MIC=1 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=1 ?M), Serratia marcescens ATCC 8100 (MIC=2 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=2 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (MIC=1 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (MIC=4 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 (MIC=1 ?M), Bacillus megaterium Bm11 (MIC=2 ?M).##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=8 ?M), Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC=4 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	8910461##8706679	J Biol Chem. 1996 Nov 8;271(45):28375-28381.##Eur J Biochem. 1996 Jun 15;238(3):769-776.	"Skerlavaj B, Gennaro R, Bagella L, Merluzzi L, Risso A, Zanetti M.##Storici P, Tossi A, Lenarcic B, Romeo D."	"Biological characterization of two novel cathelicidin-derived peptides and identification of structural requirements for their antimicrobial and cell lytic activities.##Purification and structural characterization of bovine cathelicidins, precursors of antimicrobial peptides."
DRAMP02855	GRFKRFRKKFKKLFKKLSPVIPLLHLG	27	"Cathelicidin-6 (Antibacterial peptide BMAP-27, Myeloid antib"	"P54228, B9UKM5"	Belongs to the cathelicidin family	CATHL6	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix (2 helices; 19 residues)	Not found	2KET resolved by NMR.	"Function: Exerts a potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and fungi.
PTM: Contains two disulfide bonds. (By similarity)"	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC25922 (MIC=1 ?g/ml), E. coli ML35 (MIC=1 ?g/ml), E. coli D21 (MIC=0.25 ?g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 (MIC=1 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=1 ?g/ml), Serratia marcescens ATCC 8100 (MIC=2 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=2 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (MIC=2 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (MIC=4 ?g/ml), S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 (MIC=1 ?g/ml), Bacillus megaterium Bm11 (MIC=2 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC=4 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	8910461##19136450##PubMed ID is not available	J. Biol. Chem. 1996;271:28375-28381.##J. Hered. 2009;100:241-245.##To be Published	"Skerlavaj B, Gennaro R, Bagella L, Merluzzi L, Risso A, Zanetti M.##Gillenwaters EN, Seabury CM, Elliott JS, Womack JE.##Yang S, Jung H, Kim J."	Biological characterization of two novel cathelicidin-derived peptides and identification of structural requirements for their antimicrobial and cell lytic activities.##Sequence analysis and polymorphism discovery in 4 members of the bovine cathelicidin gene family.##solution structure of BMAP-27.
DRAMP02858	DFASCHTNGGICLPNRCPGHMIQIGICFRPRVKCCRSW	38	"Bovine Beta-defensin 1 (bBD-1; BNBD-1; BNDB-1; mammals, animals)"	P46159 	Belongs to the beta-defensin family	DEFB1	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Bridge 	Not found	None	"Function: Has bactericidal activity. Active against E. coli ML35 but not against S. aureus 502A.
Tissue specificity: Neutrophilic granules.
PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds 5-34; 12-27; 17-35. (By similarity)"	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ML35 (MIC=10-300 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	16777238	Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2006 Sep 15;113(1-2):181-190. 	"Aono S, Li C, Zhang G, Kemppainen RJ, Gard J, Lu W, Hu X, Schwartz DD, Morrison EE, Dykstra C, Shi J."	Molecular and functional characterization of bovine beta-defensin-1.
DRAMP02859	VRNHVTCRINRGFCVPIRCPGRTRQIGTCFGPRIKCCRSW	40	"Bovine Beta-defensin 2 (bBD-2; BNBD-2; BNDB-2; mammals, animals)"	P46160	Belongs to the beta-defensin family	DEFB2	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Bridge 	Not found	None	"Function: Has bactericidal activity. Active against E. coli ML35 and S. aureus 502A.
Tissue specificity: Neutrophilic granules.
PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds 7-36; 14-29; 19-37. (By similarity)"	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus 502A (MIC=10-300 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ML35 (MIC=10-300 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	8454635	J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 25;268(9):6641-6648.	"Selsted ME, Tang YQ, Morris WL, McGuire PA, Novotny MJ, Smith W, Henschen AH, Cullor JS."	"Purification, primary structures, and antibacterial activities of Beta-defensins, a new family of antimicrobial peptides from bovine neutrophils."
DRAMP02860	EGVRNHVTCRINRGFCVPIRCPGRTRQIGTCFGPRIKCCRSW	42	"Bovine Beta-defensin 3 (bBD-3; BNBD-3; BNDB-3; mammals, animals)"	P46161	Belongs to the beta-defensin family	DEFB3	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Bridge 	Not found	None	"Function: Has bactericidal activity. Active against E. coli ML35 and S. aureus 502A.
Tissue specificity: Neutrophilic granules.
PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds 9-38; 16-31; 21-39. (By similarity)"	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus 502A (MIC=10-300 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ML35 (MIC=10-300 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	8454635##9488394	J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 25;268(9):6641-6648.##Infect Immun. 1998 Mar;66(3):1045-1056.	"Selsted ME, Tang YQ, Morris WL, McGuire PA, Novotny MJ, Smith W, Henschen AH, Cullor JS.##Tarver AP, Clark DP, Diamond G, Russell JP, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Cohen KS, Jones DE, Sweeney RW, Wines M, Hwang S, Bevins CL."	"Purification, primary structures, and antibacterial activities of beta-defensins, a new family of antimicrobial peptides from bovine neutrophils.##Enteric beta-defensin: molecular cloning and characterization of a gene with inducible intestinal epithelial cell expression associated with Cryptosporidium parvum infection."
DRAMP02861	QRVRNPQSCRWNMGVCIPFLCRVGMRQIGTCFGPRVPCCRR	41	"Bovine Beta-defensin 4 (bBD-4; BNBD-4; BNDB-4; mammals, animals)"	P46162	Belongs to the beta-defensin family	DEFB4	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Bridge	Not found	None	"Function: Has bactericidal activity. Active against E. coli ML35 and S. aureus 502A.
Tissue specificity: Neutrophilic granules.
PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds 9-38; 16-31; 21-39. (By similarity)"	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus 520A (MIC=10-300 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ML35 (MIC=10-300 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	PubMed ID is not available##8454635	Submitted (SEP-1995) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.##J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 25;268(9):6641-6648.	"Yount N.Y, Yuan J, Diamond G, Tarver A, McGuire P.A, McCullough C, Cullor J.S, Bevins C.L, Selsted M.E.##Selsted ME, Tang YQ, Morris WL, McGuire PA, Novotny MJ, Smith W, Henschen AH, Cullor JS."	"Molecular cloning and expression of an antimicrobial beta-defensin from bovine neutrophils. Characterization of BNBD-4 cDNA and genomic sequences and localization of the peptide to large granules of mature neutrophils.##Purification, primary structures, and antibacterial activities of beta-defensins, a new family of antimicrobial peptides from bovine neutrophils."
DRAMP02862	QVVRNPQSCRWNMGVCIPISCPGNMRQIGTCFGPRVPCCRRW	42	"Bovine Beta-defensin 5 (bBD-5; BNBD-5; BNDB-5; mammals, animals)"	"P46163, O97533"	Belongs to the beta-defensin family	DEFB5	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Bridge	Not found	None	"Function: Has bactericidal activity. Active against E. coli ML35 but not against S. aureus 502A.
Tissue specificity: Neutrophilic granules. Alveolar macrophages.
PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds 9-38; 16-31; 21-39. (By similarity)"	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ML35 (MIC=10-300 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	8454635	J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 25;268(9):6641-6648.	"Selsted ME, Tang YQ, Morris WL, McGuire PA, Novotny MJ, Smith W, Henschen AH, Cullor JS."	"Purification, primary structures, and antibacterial activities of beta-defensins, a new family of antimicrobial peptides from bovine neutrophils."
DRAMP02863	QGVRNHVTCRIYGGFCVPIRCPGRTRQIGTCFGRPVKCCRRW	42	"Bovine Beta-defensin 6 (bBD-6; BNBD-6; BNDB-6; mammals, animals)"	P46164	Belongs to the beta-defensin family	DEFB6	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Bridge	Not found	None	"Function: Has bactericidal activity. Active against E. coli ML35 and S. aureus 502A.
Tissue specificity: Neutrophilic granules.
PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds 9-38; 16-31; 21-39. (By similarity)"	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus 502A (MIC=10-300 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ML35 (MIC=10-300 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	8454635	J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 25;268(9):6641-6648.	"Selsted ME, Tang YQ, Morris WL, McGuire PA, Novotny MJ, Smith W, Henschen AH, Cullor JS."	"Purification, primary structures, and antibacterial activities of beta-defensins, a new family of antimicrobial peptides from bovine neutrophils."
DRAMP02865	VRNFVTCRINRGFCVPIRCPGHRRQIGTCLGPQIKCCR	38	"Bovine Beta-defensin 8 (bBD-8; BNBD-8; BNDB-8; mammals, animals)"	P46166	Belongs to the beta-defensin family	DEFB8	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Bridge	Not found	None	"Function: Has bactericidal activity. Active against E. coli ML35 and S. aureus 502A.
Tissue specificity: Neutrophilic granules.
PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds 7-36; 14-29; 19-37. (By similarity)"	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus 502A (MIC=10-300 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ML35 (MIC=10-300 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	8454635	J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 25;268(9):6641-6648.	"Selsted ME, Tang YQ, Morris WL, McGuire PA, Novotny MJ, Smith W, Henschen AH, Cullor JS."	"Purification, primary structures, and antibacterial activities of Beta-defensins, a new family of antimicrobial peptides from bovine neutrophils."
DRAMP02866	QGVRNFVTCRINRGFCVPIRCPGHRRQIGTCLAPQIKCCR	40	"Bovine Beta-defensin 9 (bBD-9; BNBD-9; BNDB-9; mammals, animals)"	"P46167, O18814"	Belongs to the beta-defensin family	DEFB9	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Bridge	Not found	None	"Function: Has bactericidal activity. Active against E. coli ML35 and S. aureus 502A.
Tissue specificity: Neutrophilic granules.
PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds 9-38; 16-31; 21-39. (By similarity)"	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus 502A (MIC=10-300 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ML35 (MIC=10-301 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	8454635##9488394	J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 25;268(9):6641-6648.##Infect Immun. 1998 Mar;66(3):1045-1056.	"Selsted ME, Tang YQ, Morris WL, McGuire PA, Novotny MJ, Smith W, Henschen AH, Cullor JS.##Tarver AP, Clark DP, Diamond G, Russell JP, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Cohen KS, Jones DE, Sweeney RW, Wines M, Hwang S, Bevins CL."	"Purification, primary structures, and antibacterial activities of beta-defensins, a new family of antimicrobial peptides from bovine neutrophils.##Enteric beta-defensin: molecular cloning and characterization of a gene with inducible intestinal epithelial cell expression associated with Cryptosporidium parvum infection."
DRAMP02867	QGVRSYLSCWGNRGICLLNRCPGRMRQIGTCLAPRVKCCR	40	"Bovine Beta-defensin 10 (bBD-10; BNBD-10; BNDB-10; mammals, animals)"	"P46168, Q5W5G8"	Belongs to the beta-defensin family	DEFB10	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Bridge	Not found	None	"Function: Has bactericidal activity. Active against E. coli ML35 and S. aureus 502A.
Tissue specificity: Neutrophilic granules.
PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds 9-38; 16-31; 21-39. (By similarity)"	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus 502A (MIC=10-300 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ML35 (MIC=10-300 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	8454635##15520886	J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 25;268(9):6641-6648.##Mamm Genome. 2004 Oct;15(10):834-842.	"Selsted ME, Tang YQ, Morris WL, McGuire PA, Novotny MJ, Smith W, Henschen AH, Cullor JS.##Roosen S, Exner K, Paul S, Schr?der JM, Kalm E, Looft C."	"Purification, primary structures, and antibacterial activities of beta-defensins, a new family of antimicrobial peptides from bovine neutrophils.##Bovine beta-defensins: identification and characterization of novel bovine beta-defensin genes and their expression in mammary gland tissue."
DRAMP02868	GPLSCRRNGGVCIPIRCPGPMRQIGTCFGRPVKCCRSW	38	"Bovine Beta-defensin 11 (bBD-11; BNBD-11; BNDB-11; mammals, animals)"	"P46169, Q5W5G7"	Belongs to the beta-defensin family	DEFB11	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Bridge	Not found	None	"Function: Has bactericidal activity. Active against E. coli ML35 and S. aureus 502A.
Tissue specificity: Neutrophilic granules.
PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds 5-34; 12-27; 17-35. (By similarity)"	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus 502A (MIC=10-300 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ML35 (MIC=10-300 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	8454635##15520886	J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 25;268(9):6641-6648.##Mamm Genome. 2004 Oct;15(10):834-842.	"Selsted ME, Tang YQ, Morris WL, McGuire PA, Novotny MJ, Smith W, Henschen AH, Cullor JS.##Roosen S, Exner K, Paul S, Schr?der JM, Kalm E, Looft C."	"Purification, primary structures, and antibacterial activities of beta-defensins, a new family of antimicrobial peptides from bovine neutrophils.##Bovine beta-defensins: identification and characterization of novel bovine beta-defensin genes and their expression in mammary gland tissue."
DRAMP02869	GPLSCGRNGGVCIPIRCPVPMRQIGTCFGRPVKCCRSW	38	"Bovine Beta-defensin 12 (bBD-12; BNBD-12; BNDB-12; mammals, animals)"	P46170	Belongs to the beta-defensin family	DEFB12	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Beta strand	Not found	1BNB resolved by NMR.	"Function: Has bactericidal activity. Active against E. coli ML35 and S. aureus 502A.
Tissue specificity: Neutrophilic granules.
PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds 5-34; 12-27; 17-35. (By similarity)"	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus 502A (MIC=10-300 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ML35 (MIC=10-300 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	8454635##8454636	J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 25;268(9):6641-6648.##J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 25;268(9):6649-6653.	"Selsted ME, Tang YQ, Morris WL, McGuire PA, Novotny MJ, Smith W, Henschen AH, Cullor JS.##Tang YQ, Selsted ME."	"Purification, primary structures, and antibacterial activities of Beta-defensins, a new family of antimicrobial peptides from bovine neutrophils.##Characterization of the disulfide motif in BNBD-12, an antimicrobial beta-defensin peptide from bovine neutrophils."
DRAMP02870	SGISGPLSCGRNGGVCIPIRCPVPMRQIGTCFGRPVKCCRSW	42	"Bovine Beta-defensin 13 (bBD-13; BNBD-13; BNDB-13; mammals, animals)"	P46171	Belongs to the beta-defensin family	DEFB13	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Bridge	Not found	None	"Function: Has bactericidal activity. Active against E. coli ML35 and S. aureus 502A.
Tissue specificity: Neutrophilic granules.
PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds 9-38; 16-31; 21-39. (By similarity)"	Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=10-300 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=10-300 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	8454635	J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 25;268(9):6641-6648.	"Selsted ME, Tang YQ, Morris WL, McGuire PA, Novotny MJ, Smith W, Henschen AH, Cullor JS."	"Purification, primary structures, and antibacterial activities of Beta-defensins, a new family of antimicrobial peptides from bovine neutrophils."
DRAMP02872	GRFKRFRKKFKKLFKKLS	18	"Myeloid antimicrobial peptide BMAP-27 (1-18) (mammals, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. Also has antifungal activity.	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=2 ?M), Escherichia coli ML35 (MIC=4 ?M), Escherichia coli D21 (MIC=4 ?M), Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 (MIC=4 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=1 ?M), Serratia marcescens ATCC 8100 (MIC=2 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=2 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (MIC=2 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (MIC=4 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 (MIC=1 ?M), Bacillus megaterium Bm11 (MIC=2 ?M).##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=16 ?M), Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC=4 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	8910461	J Biol Chem. 1996 Nov 8;271(45):28375-28381.	"Skerlavaj B, Gennaro R, Bagella L, Merluzzi L, Risso A, Zanetti M."	Biological characterization of two novel cathelicidin-derived peptides and identification of structural requirements for their antimicrobial and cell lytic activities.
DRAMP02873	GGLRSLGRKILRAWKKYG	18	"Myeloid antimicrobial peptide BMAP-28 (1-18) (mammals, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. Also has antifungal activity.	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=1 ?M), Escherichia coli ML35 (MIC=0.5 ?M), Escherichia coli D21 (MIC=0.5 ?M), Salmonella typhimurium ATCC14028 (MIC=2 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=1 ?M), Serratia marcescens ATCC 8100 (MIC=2 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=2 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (MIC=1 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=4 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 (MIC=1 ?M), Bacillus megaterium Bm11 (MIC=2 ?M).##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=16 ?M), Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC=2 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	8910461	J Biol Chem. 1996 Nov 8;271(45):28375-28381.	"Skerlavaj B, Gennaro R, Bagella L, Merluzzi L, Risso A, Zanetti M."	Biological characterization of two novel cathelicidin-derived peptides and identification of structural requirements for their antimicrobial and cell lytic activities.
DRAMP02875	LPVNSPMNKGDTEVMKCIVEVISDTLSKPSPMPVSKECFETLRGDERILSILRHQNLLKELQDLALQGAKERTHQQ	76	"Vasostatin-1 (VS-1; N-terminal fragment of Chromogranin-A; mammals, animals)"	"P05059, P79392, Q2KJ52"	Belongs to the chromogranin/secretogranin protein family	CHGA	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Vasostatin-1 has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria M. luteus, B. megaterium. Possesses antifungal activity against N. crassa, A. fumigatus, A. brassicicola, N. hematococca, F. culmorum and F. oxyporum and against the yeast S. cerevisiae and C. albicans.
Miscellaneous: Binds calcium with a low-affinity."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus (MIC=2 ?M), Bacillus megaterium (MIC=0.2 ?M).##Fungi: Neurospora crassa (MIC=3 ?M), Aspergillus fumigatus (MIC=5 ?M), Alternaria brassicicola (MIC=3 ?M), Nectria haematococca (MIC=1 ?M), Fusarium culmorum (MIC=1 ?M), F. oxyporum (MIC=10 ?M), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC=10 ?M), Candida albicans (MIC=10 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Binds calcium with a low-affinity.	10753865	J Biol Chem. 2000 Apr 14;275(15):10745-10753.	"Lugardon K, Raffner R, Goumon Y, Corti A, Delmas A, Bulet P, Aunis D, Metz-Boutigue MH."	"Antibacterial and antifungal activities of vasostatin-1, the N-terminal fragment of chromogranin A."
DRAMP02877	GGLRSLGRKILRAWKKYGPQATPATRQ	27	"mBMAP28 (mammals, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=1 ?M), Escherichia coli ML35 (MIC=0.5 ?M), Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 (MIC=1 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=0.5 ?M), Serratia marcescens ATCC 8100 (MIC=4 ?M).##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=8 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (MIC>64 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 (MIC=2 ?M), Bacillus megaterium Bm11 (MIC=2 ?M).##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=8 ?M), Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC=4 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	8910461	J. Biol. Chem. 1996; 271:28375-28381	"Skerlavaj B, Gennaro R, Bagella L, Merluzzi L, Risso A, Zanetti M.1996"	Biological characterization of two novel cathelicidin-derived peptides and identification of structural requirements for their antimicrobial and cell lytic activities.
DRAMP02878	NPVSCVRNKGICVPIRCPGSMKQIGTCVGRAVKCCRKK	38	"Tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP; mammals, animals)"	"P25068, O97532"	Belongs to the beta-defensin family (LAP/TAP subfamily)	Not found	Bos taurus (Bovine)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity in vitro. In addition, the peptide is active against Candida albicans, indicating a broad spectrum of activity.
Tissue specificity: Tracheal epithelium.
PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds 5-34; 12-27; 17-35. (By similarity)"	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli D31 (MIC=12-25 ?g/ml), Klebsiella pneumoniae 13883 (MIC=12-25 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853 (MIC=25-50 ?g/ml).##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus 25923 (MIC=25-50 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Candida ablicans (MIC=6-12 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	2023943##8506305	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 May 1;88(9):3952-3956.##Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 May 15;90(10):4596-4600. 	"Diamond G, Zasloff M, Eck H, Brasseur M, Maloy WL, Bevins CL.##Diamond G, Jones DE, Bevins CL."	"Tracheal antimicrobial peptide, a cysteine-rich peptide from mammalian tracheal mucosa: peptide isolation and cloning of a cDNA.##Airway epithelial cells are the site of expression of a mammalian antimicrobial peptide gene."
DRAMP02903	ILGPILGLVSNALGGLL	17	Bombin H7	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Bombina orientalis 	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacterium: Bacillus megaterium Bm11 (MIC=3.3 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli D22 (MIC=3.7 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	10333736	Biopolymers. 1998;47(6):435-450.	"Simmaco M, Mignogna G, Barra D."	Antimicrobial peptides from amphibian skin: what do they tell us?
DRAMP02910	LRRIIRKIIHIIKK	14	"Ovispirin-2 (OV-2; mammals, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Ovis aries (Sheep)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacterium: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=0.03-16 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	11557478	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001 Oct;45(10):2838-2844.	"Saiman L, Tabibi S, Starner TD, San Gabriel P, Winokur PL, Jia HP, McCray PB Jr, Tack BF."	Cathelicidin peptides inhibit multiply antibiotic-resistant pathogens from patients with cystic fibrosis.
DRAMP02911	IRRIIRKIIHIIKK	14	"Ovispirin-3 (OV-3; mammals, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Ovis aries (Sheep)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-negative bacterium: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=1-8 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	11557478	Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001 Oct;45(10):2838-2844.	"Saiman L, Tabibi S, Starner TD, San Gabriel P, Winokur PL, Jia HP, McCray PB Jr, Tack BF."	Cathelicidin peptides inhibit multiply antibiotic-resistant pathogens from patients with cystic fibrosis.
DRAMP02912	RGLRRLGRKIAHGVKKYGPTVLRIIRIAG	29	"SMAP-29 (Cathelin-related peptide SC5; Myeloid antibacterial peptide MAP-29; mammals, animals)"	"P49928, P49929"	Belongs to the cathelicidin family	Not found	Ovis aries (Sheep)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix	Not found	1FRY resolved by NMR.	"Function: Broad spectrum bactericidal agent. 
Biophysicochemical properties: Temperature dependence (Thermostable)."	"[Ref.8549789][No NaCl]: Escherichia coli DH5a (MIC=0.1 ?M), Escherichia coli ML-35p (MIC=0.18 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (MIC=0.17 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa MR3007 (MIC=0.34 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC (MRSA) 33591 (MIC=1.24 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus 93918 (MIC=0.31 ?M).##[100 mM NaCl]: Escherichia coli DH5a (MIC=0.07 ?M), Escherichia coli ML-35p (MIC=0.12 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (MIC=0.08 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa MR3007 (MIC=0.18 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC (MRSA) 33591 (MIC=0.65 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus 93918 (MIC=0.43 ?M)."	[Ref.8549789]Not found	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Outer membrane protein I (OprI)	8549789##11932493	FEBS Lett. 1995 Dec 27;377(3):519-522.##Protein Eng. 2002 Mar;15(3):225-232.	"Mahoney MM, Lee AY, Brezinski-Caliguri DJ, Huttner KM.##Sawai MV, Waring AJ, Kearney WR, McCray PB Jr, Forsyth WR, Lehrer RI, Tack BF."	Molecular analysis of the sheep cathelin family reveals a novel antimicrobial peptide.##Impact of single-residue mutations on the structure and Function: of ovispirin/novispirin antimicrobial peptides.
DRAMP02913	GLFGRLRDSLQRGGQKILEKAERIWCKIKDIFRG	34	"SMAP-34 (cathelicidin; mammals, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Ovis aries (Sheep)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial activity.	"[Ref.10768969][No NaCl]: Escherichia coli DH5a (MIC=0.5 μM), Escherichia coli ML-35p (MIC=1.93 μM), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (MIC=0.6 μM), Pseudomonas aeruginosa MR3007 (MIC=2 μM), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC (MRSA) 33591 (MIC=4 μM), Staphylococcus aureus 93918 (MIC=1.96 μM).100 mM NaCl: Escherichia coli DH5a (MIC=0.23 μM), Escherichia coli ML-35p (MIC=1.03 μM), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (MIC=0.77 μM), Pseudomonas aeruginosa MR3007 (MIC=1.9 μM), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC (MRSA) 33591 (MIC=13.3 μM), Staphylococcus aureus 93918 (MIC=2.13 μM). "	[Ref.10768969]30% hemolysis at 1000 μg/ml against human red blood cells.	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	10768969	Infect Immun. 2000 May;68(5):2748-2755.	"Travis SM, Anderson NN, Forsyth WR, Espiritu C, Conway BD, Greenberg EP, McCray PB Jr, Lehrer RI, Welsh MJ, Tack BF."	Bactericidal activity of mammalian cathelicidin-derived peptides.
DRAMP02922	KCWNLRGSCREKCIKNEKLYIFCTSGKLCCLKPK	34	"Canine beta-defensin (dogs, mammals, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Canis lupus familiaris (Dog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli 25922 (MIC=20 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli 700336 (MIC=50 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae 10031 (MIC=20 ?g/ml), Listeria monocytogenes 19115 (MIC=10 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus 10832 (MIC=100 ?g/ml), N. gonorrhoeae 10150 (MIC=50 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Candida albicans 14053 (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Candida albicans 11006 (MIC=5 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15845463	Infect Immun. 2005 May;73(5):2611-2620.	"Sang Y, Ortega MT, Blecha F, Prakash O, Melgarejo T."	Molecular cloning and characterization of three beta-defensins from canine testes.
DRAMP02923	KCWNLRGSCREKCIKNEKLYIFCTSGKLCCLKPKFQPNMLQR	42	"cBD-1 (Canine beta-defensin 1; dogs, mammals, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Canis Lupis (Dog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Listeria monocytogenes(MIC=6 m?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=100 m?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=20-25 m?g/ml), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=20 m?g/ml), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (MIC=50 m?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=5-50 m?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15845463	Infect Immun. 2005 May;73(5):2611-2620.	"Sang Y, Ortega MT, Blecha F, Prakash O, Melgarejo T."	Molecular cloning and characterization of three beta-defensins from canine testes.
DRAMP18367	GFGSKPLDSFGLNFF	15	"Chaxapeptin (a class 2 lasso peptide; class 1 microcin, bacteriocins)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Streptomyces leeuwenhoekii Strain C58	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-cancer"		Not found	Not found	None	Fuction: No activity against the Gram-negative bacteria. It showed dose dependent inhibition of A549 cancer cells.	Gram-positive bacteria: S. aureus and B. subtilis (MIC 30-35 ug/mL).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	26402731	J Org Chem. 2015 Oct 16;80(20):10252-60.	"Elsayed SS, Trusch F, Deng H, Raab A, Prokes I, Busarakam K, Asenjo JA, Andrews BA, van West P, Bull AT, Goodfellow M, Yi Y, Ebel R, Jaspars M, Rateb ME"	"Chaxapeptin, a Lasso Peptide from Extremotolerant Streptomyces leeuwenhoekii Strain C58 from the Hyperarid Atacama Desert"
DRAMP18368	SMSGFSKPHD	10	"Bacteriocin TSU4 (bacteria, prokaryotes)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Lactobacillus animalis TSU4	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"		Not found	Not found	None	Only the N-terminal sequence is available.	"Active against A. hydrophila, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. typhimurium, S. paratyphi, S. flexneri, and S. aureus (inhibition zone 25-28 mm)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	26245257	Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2015 Sep;177(1):90-104	"Sahoo TK, Jena PK, Patel AK, Seshadri S."	Purification and Molecular Characterization of the Novel Highly Potent Bacteriocin TSU4 Produced by Lactobacillus animalis TSU4
DRAMP02925	RLKELITTGGQKIGEKIRRIGQRIKDFFKNLQPREEKS	38	"Cathelicidin (dogs, mammals, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Canis lupus familiaris (Dog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=1.25 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=1.25 ?M), Salmonella serotype Typhimurium (MIC=1.25 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=1.25 ?M), Proteus mirabilis (MIC=1.25 ?M), Salmonella serotype Enteritidis (MIC=0.5 ?M), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (MIC=0.06 ?M).##Gram-positive bacteria: Listeria monocytogenes (MIC=0.5 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=50 ?M).##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=12.5-50 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	17462733	Dev Comp Immunol. 2007;31(12):1278-1296.	"Sang Y, Teresa Ortega M, Rune K, Xiau W, Zhang G, Soulages JL, Lushington GH, Fang J, Williams TD, Blecha F, Melgarejo T."	"Canine cathelicidin (K9CATH): gene cloning, expression, and biochemical activity of a novel pro-myeloid antimicrobial peptide."
DRAMP02931	SPRVSRRYGRPFGGRPFVGGQFGGRPGCVCIRSPCPCANYG	41	"Arasin-likeSp (crabs, Arthropods, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Scylla paramamosain (Mud crab)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus haemolyticus (MIC=6.25-12.5 ?M), Aerococcus viridans (MIC=0.19-0.39 ?M), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=0.39-0.78 ?M), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=6.25-12.5 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli 363 (MIC>50 ?M), Aeromonas hydrophila (MIC>50 ?M), V. harveyi (MIC=0.78-1.56 ?M), Vibrio anguillarum (MIC=3.125-6.25 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	21220028	Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2011 Feb;30(2):706-712.	"Imjongjirak C, Amparyup P, Tassanakajon A."	"Two novel antimicrobial peptides, arasin-likeSp and GRPSp, from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain, exhibit the activity against some crustacean pathogenic bacteria."
DRAMP02932	IPAMEPAARVKRSPGYGGCSPRWACGGYG	29	"GRPSp (crabs, Arthropods, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Scylla paramamosain (Mud crab)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus haemolyticus (MIC>50 ?M), Aerococcus viridans (MIC=6.25-12.5 ?M), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=12.5-25 ?M), Bacillus subtilis (MIC>50 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	21220028	Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2011 Feb;30(2):706-712.	"Imjongjirak C, Amparyup P, Tassanakajon A."	"Two novel antimicrobial peptides, arasin-likeSp and GRPSp, from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain, exhibit the activity against some crustacean pathogenic bacteria."
DRAMP02933	RRWCFRVCYRGFCYRKCR	18	"Polyphemusin-1 (PM1; crabs, Arthropods, animals)"	P14215	Belongs to the tachyplesin/polyphemusin family	Not found	Limulus polyphemus (Atlantic horseshoe crab)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Beta strand (2 strands; 4 residues)	"The solution structure of polyphemusin I is determined using (1)H-NMR spectroscopy. Polyphemusin I is found to be an amphipathic, beta-hairpin connected by a type I' beta-turn."	1RKK resolved by NMR.	"Function: PM1 showes high antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative, Gram-positive and fungal specimens tested.
Tissue specificity: Hemocytes.
PTM: Contains two disulfide bonds 4-17; 8-13 and C-terminal amidation."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli UB1005 (MIC=0.5 ?g/ml), E. coli DC2 (MIC=1 ?g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium (defensin-sensitive) (MIC=0.25 ?g/ml), S. typhimurium (MIC=1 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa K799 (MIC=2 ?g/ml), P. aeruginosa Z61 (MIC=1 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus SAP0017 (MIC=2 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=1 ?g/ml), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC=1 ?g/ml).##Yeasy: Candida albicans (MIC=4 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Amidation	"Disulfide bond between Cys4 and Cys17,Cys8 and Cys13."	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	2514185##15134657	J Biochem. 1989 Oct;106(4):663-668.##Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004 May 6;1698(2):239-250.	"Miyata T, Tokunaga F, Yonega T, Yoshikawa K, Iwanaga S, Niwa M, Takao T, Shimonishi Y.##Powers JP, Rozek A, Hancock RE."	"Antimicrobial peptides, isolated from horseshoe crab hemocytes, tachyplesin II, and polyphemusins I and II: chemical structures and biological activity.##Structure-activity relationships for the beta-hairpin cationic antimicrobial peptide polyphemusin I."
DRAMP02934	RRWSFRVSYRGFSYRKSR	18	PM1-S (linear derivative of PM1)	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Synthetic construct	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Synthetic	No secondary structure (CD)	"The CD spectra of PM1-S indicates that, in all environments (phosphate buffer, TFE, and liposomes), the peptide displays no observable patterns that could be related to structural features. This indicates that PM1-S is a flexible molecule with no favoured conformation."	None	Function: PM1-S remaines active against Gram-negative bacteria but displayed poor activity to both Gram-positive and fungal microorganisms.	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli UB1005 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), E. coli DC2 (MIC=4 ?g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium (defensin-sensitive) (MIC=2 ?g/ml), S. typhimurium (MIC=8 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa K799 (MIC=32 ?g/ml), P. aeruginosa Z61 (MIC=16 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus SAP0017 (MIC=32 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=16 ?g/ml), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC=2 ?g/ml).##Yeasy: Candida albicans (MIC=64 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15134657	Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004 May 6;1698(2):239-250.	"Powers JP, Rozek A, Hancock RE."	Structure-activity relationships for the beta-hairpin cationic antimicrobial peptide polyphemusin I.
DRAMP02950	YVDREINLFDHYCIISRSPHISRWELKWQATVTCPGWTPVKGKVRGYSNPLSAEREATRDFVQRIVQRGLVTRDEASEWL	80	"PtALF5 (Portunus trituberculatus anti-lipopolysaccharide factor isoform 5; crabs, Arthropods, ani"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Portunus trituberculatus (Swimming Crab)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Contains a signal peptide and an LPS-binding Domain: (CIISRSPHISRWELKWQATVTC) and two conserved cysteine residues which can form a disulfide bridge. PtALF5 transcript in hemocytes showes a clear time-dependent response expression pattern with obvious decrease at 6 h and significant increase at 24 h. The recombinant PtALF5 has antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio alginolyticus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	"Gram-negative bacteria: Vibrio alginolyticus (MIC=3.89-7.78 ?M), Edwardsiella tarda (MIC=7.78-15.54 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=15.54-31.08 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding	21362485##22516300	Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2011 Jul;31(1):29-42.##Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2012 Jul;33(1):85-91.	"Liu Y, Cui Z, Song C, Wang S, Li Q.##Liu Y, Cui Z, Li X, Song C, Li Q, Wang S."	"Multiple isoforms of immune-related genes from hemocytes and eyestalk cDNA libraries of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus.##Molecular cloning, expression pattern and antimicrobial activity of a new isoform of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor from the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus."
DRAMP02951	MARVSLLLIVLSIALVAPSQGFLKDLLFGEAKTALLEDGTTEILDHVCNFRVMPRLRSWELYFRGDVWCPGWTVIKGESL	80	"PtALF6 (Portunus trituberculatus anti-lipopolysaccharide factor isoform 6; crabs, Arthropods, ani"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Portunus trituberculatus (Swimming Crab)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Contains a signal peptide and an LPS-binding Domain: (CNFPVMPRLRSWELYFRGDVWC) and two conserved cysteine residues which can form a disulfide bridge.	"Gram-negative bacteria: Vibrio alginolyticus L59 (MIC=1.17-2.33 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa P25 (MIC=9.32-18.64 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus M2 (MIC=9.32-18.64 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus S7 (MIC=9.32-18.64 ?M).##Fungi: Pichia pastoris GS115 (MIC>74.57 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding	21362485##23257203	Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2011 Jul;31(1):29-42.##Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2013 Feb;34(2):463-470.	"Liu Y, Cui Z, Song C, Wang S, Li Q.##Liu Y, Cui Z, Li X, Song C, Shi G."	Multiple isoforms of immune-related genes from hemocytes and eyestalk cDNA libraries of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus.##A newly identified anti-lipopolysaccharide factor from the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity.
DRAMP02952	MRKGVVTGLFVALVVMCLYLPQPCEAQYEALTAAILTKLSKMWHSDTLNFLGHTCHVSRTPTVKRFKLYWKGKFWCPGWA	80	"PtALF7 (Portunus trituberculatus anti-lipopolysaccharide factor isoform 7; crabs, Arthropods, ani"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Portunus trituberculatus (Swimming Crab)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Contains a signal peptide and an LPS-binding Domain: (CHVSRTPTVKRFKLYWKGKFWC) and two conserved cysteine residues which can form a disulfide bridge.	"Gram-negative bacteria: Vibrio alginolyticus (MIC=0.51-1.02 ?M), Edwardsiella tarda (MIC=2.04-4.07 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=1.02-2.04 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus (MIC=32.59-65.19 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=8.15-16.30 ?M).##Fungi: Pichia pastoris (MIC>130.37 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding	21362485##23261507	Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2011 Jul;31(1):29-42.##Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2013 Feb;34(2):652-659.	"Liu Y, Cui Z, Song C, Wang S, Li Q.##Liu Y, Cui Z, Li X, Song C, Shi G, Wang C."	"Multiple isoforms of immune-related genes from hemocytes and eyestalk cDNA libraries of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus.##Molecular cloning, genomic structure and antimicrobial activity of PtALF7, a unique isoform of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor from the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus."
DRAMP02953	SRWPSPGRPRPFPGRPKPIFRPRPCNCYAPPCPCDRW	37	"Arasin-1 (Pro-rich, Arg-rich; crabs, Arthropods, animals)"	A6XMY0	Not found	Not found	Hyas araneus (Great spider crab) 	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Predicted	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-positive bacteria: Corynebacterium glutamicum (MIC=0.8 ?M), Listonella anguillarum (MIC=6.3 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=12.5 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	"Disulfide bond between Cys25 and Cys34,Cys27 and Cys32."	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17658600	Dev Comp Immunol. 2008;32(3):275-285.	"Stensvag K, Haug T, Sperstad S.V, Rekdal O, Indrevoll B, Styrvold O.B."	"Arasin 1, a proline-arginine-rich antimicrobial peptide isolated from the spider crab, Hyas araneus."
DRAMP02956	SHQDCYEALHKCMASHSKPFSCSMKFHMCLQQQ	33	Dolabellanin B2	P83376	Not found	Not found	Dolabella auricularia (Sea hare)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria. Also possesses antifungal activity.
PTM: Contains two disulfide bonds. Up to two of the methionines may be oxidized to methionine sulfoxides."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis RIMD0225014 (MIC=2.5 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus IID1677 (MRSA) (MIC=20.0 ?g/ml), Listeria monocytogenes VIU206 (MIC=40.0 ?g/ml).##Gram-negative bacteria: Haemophilus influenzae IID983 (MIC=5.0 ?g/ml), V. vulnificus RIMD2219009 (MIC=5.0 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli JM109 (MIC=20.0 ?g/ml), E. coli DH5?± (MIC=40.0 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Candida albicans ATCC36232, Candida tropicalis TIMM0313, S. pombe IFO1628, Saccharomyces cerevisiae A581A."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Contains two disulfide bonds. Up to two of the methionines may be oxidized to methionine sulfoxides.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	12590964	Dev. Comp. Immunol. 2003;27:305-311.	"Iijima R, Kisugi J, Yamazaki M."	A novel antimicrobial peptide from the sea hare Dolabella auricularia.
DRAMP02959	RRRPRPPYLPRPRPPPFFPPRLPPRIPPGFPPRFPPRFP	39	"Antibacterial protein PR-39 (pigs, mammals, animals)"	"P80054, Q9TR84"	Belongs to the cathelicidin family	PR39	Sus scrofa (Pig)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Rich	Not found	None	"Tissue specificity: Small intestine and bone marrow.
PTM: Proline amide at P39."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli K12 D21 (MIC=0.3 ?M), Escherichia coli Bd2221175 (MIC=0.3 ?M), Salmonella typhimurium LT2 (MIC=1?M), Proteus vulgaris Pvll (MIC=300 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa OT97 (MIC=200 ?M), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus Acl 1 (MIC=3 ?M).##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megaterium (MIC=0.3 ?M), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=15 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=200 ?M), Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC=2 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	1765098##7624374	Eur J Biochem. 1991 Dec 18;202(3):849-854.##Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Jul 18;92(15):7085-7089.	"Agerberth B, Lee JY, Bergman T, Carlquist M, Boman HG, Mutt V, J?rnvall H.##Gudmundsson GH, Magnusson KP, Chowdhary BP, Johansson M, Andersson L, Boman HG."	"Amino acid sequence of PR-39. Isolation from pig intestine of a new member of the family of proline-arginine-rich antibacterial peptides.##Structure of the gene for porcine peptide antibiotic PR-39, a cathelin gene family member: comparative mapping of the locus for the human peptide antibiotic FALL-39."
DRAMP02960	RIIDLLWRVRRPQKPKFVTVWVR	23	"Antibacterial peptide PMAP-23 (Myeloid antibacterial peptide 23; pigs, mammals, animals)"	P49930	Belongs to the cathelicidin family	PMAP23	Sus scrofa (Pig)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Transcript level	Alpha helix 	Not found	None	"Function: Exerts antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and negative bacteria at concentrations of 2-16 micro molar. Its activity appears to be mediated by its ability to damage bacterial membranes.
PTM: Contains two disulfide bonds (By similarity)."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ML35 (MIC=2 ?M), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=4 ?M), Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 (MIC=8 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=16 ?M).##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megaterium (MIC=2 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=4 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane	8132502	J Biol Chem. 1994 Mar 18;269(11):7855-7858.	"Zanetti M, Storici P, Tossi A, Scocchi M, Gennaro R."	Molecular cloning and chemical synthesis of a novel antibacterial peptide derived from pig myeloid cells.
DRAMP02961	GLLSRLRDFLSDRGRRLGEKIERIGQKIKDLSEFFQS	37	"Antibacterial peptide PMAP-37 (Myeloid antibacterial peptide 37; pigs, mammals, animals)"	P49932	Belongs to the cathelicidin family	PMAP37	Sus scrofa (Pig)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Transcript level	Alpha helix 	Not found	None	"Function: Exerts antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and negative bacteria with minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging over 1-4 micro molar. Its activity appears to be mediated by its ability to damage bacterial membranes.
PTM: Contains two disulfide bonds (By similarity)."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ML35 (MIC=2 ?M), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=1 ?M), Escherichia coli D21 (MIC=2 ?M), Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 (MIC=4 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=2 ?M).##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megaterium Bm11 (MIC=4 ?M), Bacillus megaterium local isolate (IC=4 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=32 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (MIC=64 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane	7737198	Eur J Biochem. 1995 Mar 15;228(3):941-946.	"Tossi A, Scocchi M, Zanetti M, Storici P, Gennaro R."	"PMAP-37, a novel antibacterial peptide from pig myeloid cells. cDNA cloning, chemical synthesis and activity."
DRAMP02228	SMLSVLKNLGKVGLGFVACKINKQC	25	"RANATUERIN 1 (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P82741 	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide family (Brevinin subfamily)	Not found	Lithobates catesbeiana (American bullfrog) (Rana catesbeiana)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix	Not found	None	Function: Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterium S.aureus and Gram-negative bacterium E.coli. Has activity against C.albicans. Has no detectable hemolytic activity.	[Ref.9784389] Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=50 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=2 ?M);##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=70 ?M).	[Ref.9784389] It has no detectable hemolytic activity at aconcentration of 20?g/ml against human red blood cell.	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys19 and Cys25)	Disulfide bond between Cys19 and Cys25.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	9784389	Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Sep 29;250(3):589-592.	"Goraya J, Knoop FC, Conlon JM."	"Ranatuerins: antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skin of the American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana."
DRAMP02963	GRFRRLRKKTRKRLKKIGKV	20	PMAP-36(1-20)	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Sus scrofa (Pig)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Exerts antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and negative bacteria. 	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=6 ?M), Bacillus megaterium Bm11 (MIC=3 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=12 ?M), E. coli ML35 (MIC=12 ?M), S. enterica ser. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 (MIC=48 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=3 ?M).##Fungi: Candida albicans c.i. (MIC>64 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	16128809	FEBS J. 2005 Sep;272(17):4398-4406.	"Scocchi M, Zelezetsky I, Benincasa M, Gennaro R, Mazzoli A, Tossi A."	Structural aspects and biological properties of the cathelicidin PMAP-36.
DRAMP02964	GRFRRLRKKTRKRLKKIGKVLKWIPPIVGSIPLG	34	PMAP-36(1-34)	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Sus scrofa (Pig)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Exerts antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and negative bacteria. 	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=1 ?M), S. aureus 710A (MIC=2 ?M), S. aureus SA-62 (MRSA) (MIC=4 ?M), Bacillus megaterium Bm11 (MIC=1 ?M), S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 (MIC=1 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=1 ?M), E. coli ML35 (MIC=1 ?M), E. coli D21 (MIC=1 ?M), E. coli D22 (MIC=0.5 ?M), S. enterica ser. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 (MIC=1 ?M), S. enterica ser. Enteritidis H2 (MIC=1 ?M), P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=1 ?M), S. marcescens ATCC 8100 (MIC=2 ?M).##Fungi: Candida albicans c.i. (MIC=8 ?M), Cryptococcus neoformans c.i.(MIC=2 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	16128809	FEBS J. 2005 Sep;272(17):4398-4406.	"Scocchi M, Zelezetsky I, Benincasa M, Gennaro R, Mazzoli A, Tossi A."	Structural aspects and biological properties of the cathelicidin PMAP-36.
DRAMP02965	GRFRRLRKKTRKRLKKIGKVLKWIPPIVGSIPLGC	35	PMAP-36(1-35)2	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Sus scrofa (Pig)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Exerts antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and negative bacteria. 	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=2 ?M), S. aureus 710A (MIC=2 ?M), S. aureus SA-62 (MRSA) (MIC=4 ?M), Bacillus megaterium Bm11 (MIC=1 ?M), S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 (MIC=1 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=1 ?M), E. coli ML35 (MIC=0.5 ?M), E. coli D21 (MIC=0.5 ?M), E. coli D22 (MIC=0.5 ?M), S. enterica ser. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 (MIC=1 ?M), S. enterica ser. Enteritidis H2 (MIC=0.5 ?M), P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=1 ?M), S. marcescens ATCC 8100 (MIC=2 ?M).##Fungi: Candida albicans c.i. (MIC=16 ?M), Cryptococcus neoformans c.i.(MIC=2 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	16128809	FEBS J. 2005 Sep;272(17):4398-4406.	"Scocchi M, Zelezetsky I, Benincasa M, Gennaro R, Mazzoli A, Tossi A."	Structural aspects and biological properties of the cathelicidin PMAP-36.
DRAMP02966	KQATVGDINTERPGILDLKGKAKWDAWNGLKGTSKEDAMKAYINKVEELKKKYGI	55	"DBI(32-86) (pigs, mammals, animals)"	"P12026, A7YB23, Q9TSG2"	Belongs to the ACBP family	DBI	Sus scrofa (Pig)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: DBI(32-86) has antibacterial properties.	Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megaterium Bm11 (MIC=0.69 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli D22 (MIC=30 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	8375398##3289918	Eur J Biochem. 1993 Sep 1;216(2):623-629.##Eur J Biochem. 1988 Jun 1;174(2):239-245.	"Agerberth B, Boman A, Andersson M, J?rnvall H, Mutt V, Boman HG.##Chen ZW, Agerberth B, Gell K, Andersson M, Mutt V, Ostenson CG, Efendi? S, Barros-S?derling J, Persson B, J?rnvall H."	"Isolation of three antibacterial peptides from pig intestine: gastric inhibitory polypeptide (7-42), diazepam-binding inhibitor (32-86) and a novel factor, peptide 3910.##Isolation and characterization of porcine diazepam-binding inhibitor, a polypeptide not only of cerebral occurrence but also common in intestinal tissues and with effects on regulation of insulin release."
DRAMP02970	RGGRLCYCRRRFCVCVGR	18	"Protegrin-1 (Protegrin 1; PG-1; pigs, mammals, animals)"	P32194	Belongs to the cathelicidin family	NPG1	Sus scrofa (Pig)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Beta strand	Not found	1PG1 resolved by NMR.	The sequence of IB-367 is RGGLCYCRGRFCVCVGR and the peptide is active against bacteria and fungi. This peptide showed synergistic effect with LL-37 against P. aeruginosa and E. coli (Yan H & Hancock REW 2001 Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45: 1558-60). PG-1 derivatives were subjected to clinical trials. 	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=64 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=64 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=2 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	"Disulfide bond between Cys6 and Cys15,Cys8 and Cys13."	L	"[Ref.31399625] Cytotoxicity: 661W cells(IC50=353.4±70.5μM), HEK293T cells(IC50=2760±54.1μM), NIH-3T3 cells(IC50=719.2±59.5μM), SH-SY5Y cells(IC50=590.4±58.2μM), PMN cells(IC50=948.9±64.1μM), and 3D4/2 cells(IC50=391.1±71.3μM)"	Cell membrane	8647100	Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1995 May;43(5):853-858.	"Tamamura H, Murakami T, Horiuchi S, Sugihara K, Otaka A, Takada W, Ibuka T, Waki M, Yamamoto N, Fujii N."	Synthesis of protegrin-related peptides and their antibacterial and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity.
DRAMP02975	VRRFPWWWPFLRR	13	"Tritrpticin (Trp-rich; pigs, mammals, animals)"	No entry found	Belongs to the cathelicidin family	Not found	Sus scrofa (Pig)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Alpha helix (1 helices; 3 residues)	Not found	1D6X resolved by NMR.	Function: Tritrpticin has strong antimicrobial activity with a wide spectrum.	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (5 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3 mm), Klebsiella pneumonia (7 mm), Proteus mirabilis (1 mm);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis (5 mm), Streptococcus group D (4 mm). [inhibit zones in mm]##Fungi: Aspergillus fumigatus (MIC=250 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	8706838##10606506	FEBS Lett. 1996 Jul 15;390(1):95-98.##Biochemistry. 1999 Dec 21;38(51):16749-55.	"Lawyer C, Pai S, Watabe M, Borgia P, Mashimo T, Eagleton L, Watabe K.Schibli DJ, Hwang PM, Vogel HJ.##Schibli DJ, Hwang PM, Vogel HJ."	Antimicrobial activity of a 13 amino acid tryptophan-rich peptide derived from a putative porcine precursor protein of a novel family of antibacterial peptides.##Structure of the antimicrobial peptide tritrpticin bound to micelles: a distinct membrane-bound peptide fold.
DRAMP02980	GLICESCRKIIQKLEDMVGPQPNEDTVTQAASRVCDKMKILRGVCKKIMRTFLRRISKDILTGKKPQAICVDIKICKE	78	"Antimicrobial peptide NK-lysin (NKL; pigs, mammals, animals)"	Q29075	Not found	NKL	Sus scrofa (Pig)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antitumor"	Protein level	Alpha helix 	Not found	1NKL resolved by NMR.	"Function: May be an effector molecule of cytotoxic activity. High activity against E. coli and B. megaterium, moderate against A. calcoaceticus and S. pyogenes. Has some antifungal activity against Candida albicans.
Tissue specificity: Cytotoxic T and NK cells. Induction: By interleukin-2.
PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds 4-76; 7-70; 35-45."	"[with medium E]: Escherichia coli D21 (MIC=0.5 ?M), Escherichia coli Bd2221/75 (MIC=10 ?M), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus Ac 11 (MIC=7 ?M), Bacillus megaterium Bmll (MIC=1.6 ?M);##[without medium E]: Escherichia coli D21 (MIC=8 ?M), Escherichia coli Bd2221/75 (MIC=39 ?M), Bacillus megaterium Bmll (MIC=0.8 ?M), Streptococcus pyogenes w.t. (MIC=34 ?M), Candida albicans w.t. (MIC=31 ?M)."	[Ref.7737114] It exhibits no hemolytic activity at 170 ?M against sheep red blood cells.	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bonds between Cys4 and Cys76; Cys7 and Cys70; Cys35 and Cys45.	L	"[Ref.7737114] NK-lysin at 50μg/ml was able to give 90% lysis of 5'Cr-labelled YAC-1 cells in a medium with 2% fetal calf serum(FCS) and 75% lysis in phosphate-buffered saline(PBS), 15% lysis suspended in medium E."	Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding	7737114##9334742	EMBO J. 1995 Apr 18;14(8):1615-1625.##Nat Struct Biol. 1997 Oct;4(10):793-795.	"Andersson M, Gunne H, Agerberth B, Boman A, Bergman T, Sillard R, J?rnvall H, Mutt V, Olsson B, Wigzell H, et al.##Liepinsh E, Andersson M, Ruysschaert JM, Otting G."	"NK-lysin, a novel effector peptide of cytotoxic T and NK cells. Structure and cDNA cloning of the porcine form, induction by interleukin 2, antibacterial and antitumour activity.##Saposin fold revealed by the NMR structure of NK-lysin."
DRAMP03028	IDWKKLLDAAKQIL	14	Polybia-MP1	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Polybia paulista	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Alpha helix	Not found	None	Function: Antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria. Has hemolytic activity.	"[Ref.29075946] Gram-positive bacterium: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=12.5μM), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=18.8μM);##Gram-negative bacterium:Escherichia coli (MIC=75μM), Shigella dysenteriae (MIC=75μM), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=37.5μM)"	"[Ref.29075946] <1% hemolysis at 12.5μM, 3.2% hemolysis at 25μM against human red blood cells."	stapled peptide	Free	Amidation	tethers Lys6 and Arg10	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	29075946	Arch Pharm Res. 2017 Dec;40(12):1414-1419.	"Luong HX, Kim DH, Lee BJ, Kim YW"	Antimicrobial activity and stability of stapled helices of polybia-MP1
DRAMP03721	ILGKIWEGIKSLF	13	IsCT1	Q8MMJ7 	Belongs to the scorpion NDBP 5 family	Not found	Opisthacanthus madagascariensis	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Alpha helix 	"Residue 6 is important for antibacterial activity, and hemolysis activity"	None	Function: Antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria. Has hemolytic activity.	"[Ref.28657596] Gram-positive bacterium:Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=50μg/mL);##Gram-negative bacterium: S. typhimurium (MIC=100μg/mL), Escherichia coli (MIC=50μg/mL)"	"[Ref.28657596] 2% hemolysis at 10 μg/ml, 96% hemolysis at 50 μg/ml against human red blood cells."	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	28657596	Antibiotics (Basel). 2017 Jun 28;6(3). pii: E13.	"de la Salud Bea R, Petraglia AF, Ascuitto MR, Buck QM."	Antibacterial Activity and Toxicity of Analogs of Scorpion Venom IsCT Peptides
DRAMP01377	FMPILSCSRFKRC	13	"Odorranain-G1 (OdG1; Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	"A6MBL7, A6MBL8"	Not found	Not found	Odorrana grahami (Yunnanfu frog) (Rana grahami)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Transcript level	Not found	Odorranain-G1 adopts 44.1% β-sheet structure in water solution.	None	Function: Odorranain-G1 exhibites antimicrobial activities against all of the tested microbes including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Has no hemolytic activity against red cell.	"[Ref.17272268] Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=4.68 μg/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=9.37 μg/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=37.5 μg/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=1.10 μg/ml)."	[Ref:17272268] It has no hemolytic activity against rabbit red blood cells	Cyclic	Free	Cyclization (Cys7 and Cys13)	Disulfide bond between Cys7 and Cys13.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	17272268	Mol Cell Proteomics. 2007 May;6(5):882-894.	"Li J, Xu X, Xu C, Zhou W, Zhang K, Yu H, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Rees HH, Lai R, Yang D, Wu J."	Anti-infection peptidomics of amphibian skin.
DRAMP02995	QERGSIVIQGTKEGKSRPSLDIDYKQRVYDKNGMTGDAYGGLNIRPGQPSRQHAGFEFGKEYKNGFIKGQSEVQRGPGGRLSPYFGINGGFRF	93	"Hymenoptaecin (Insects, animals)"	Q10416	Not found	Not found	Apis mellifera (Honeybee)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Transcript level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli K514 (MIC=0.5-1 ?M), E. coli K514 anaerobic, E. coli NCTC9001 (MIC=1-5 ?M), Xanthomonas campestris (MIC=0.5-1 ?M), Pseudomonas solanacearum (MIC>10 ?M), Erwinia carotovora ssp.(MIC=1-5 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus lysodeikticus (MIC=1-5 ?M), Bacillus megaterium (MIC=0.5-1 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	8463238	J Biol Chem. 1993 Apr 5;268(10):7044-7054.	"Casteels P, Ampe C, Jacobs F, Tempst P."	"Functional and chemical characterization of Hymenoptaecin, an antibacterial polypeptide that is infection-inducible in the honeybee (Apis mellifera)."
DRAMP02996	GNNRPIYIPQPRPPHPRL	18	"Apidaecin-2 (Apidaecin II; Insects, animals)"	"Q06601, P11525, P11526, P11527"	Belongs to the apidaecin family	APID14	Apis mellifera (Honeybee)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Agrobacterium tumefaciens (MIC=0.2 ?g/ml), Erwinia salicis (MIC=0.02 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli (MIC=0.2 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas syringae (MIC=0.1 ?g/ml), Rhizobium meliloti (MIC=0.02 ?g/ml), Salmonella Newport (MIC=0.2 ?g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=0.1 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Shigella flexneri (MIC=0.1 ?g/ml), Corynebacterium insidiosum (MIC=100 ?g/ml), Bacillus megaterium (MIC=100 ?g/ml)"	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	2676519	EMBO J. 1989 Aug;8(8):2387-2391.	"Casteels P, Ampe C, Jacobs F, Vaeck M, Tempst P."	Apidaecins: antibacterial peptides from honeybees.
DRAMP02441	VXLFPVXLFP	10	Gramicidin S	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Bacillus brevis	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Beta sheet and beta-turn	The peptide have the C2-symmetrical sequence [cyclo-(Val-Orn-Leu-D-Phe-Pro)2]. The two sequences Val-Orn-Leu form an antiparallel 	None	Function: Antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria. Has hemolytic activity.	"[Ref.29499484] Gram-positive bacterium:Staphylococcus aureus subsp.aureus CIP 4.83 ATCC 6538 (MIC=3.125μg/mL),Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis CIP 52.65 (MIC=3.125μg/ml),Enterococcus faecalis CIP 103015 (MIC=3.125μg/ml),Enterococcus faecalis CIP 103214 (MIC=3.125μg/ml),Bacillus cereus CIP 66.24 (MIC=6.25μg/ml),Streptococcus salivarius CIP 102503 (MIC=3.125μg/ml),Enterococcus faecium CIP 103014 (MIC=3.125μg/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium:Escherichia coli CIP 53.126 ATCC 8739 (MIC=12.5μg/ml),Pseudomonas aeruginosa CIP 82.118 ATCC 9027 (MIC>=100μg/ml)"	"[Ref.29499484] It has 74% hemolysis at 50μg/ml, 83% hemolysis at 100μg/ml against human red blood cells."	Cyclic	No specific N-terminal	No specific C-terminal	The 'O' in sequence is Ornithine	Mixed(D-Phe)	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	29499484	Eur J Med Chem. 2018 Apr 10;149:122-128.	"Wan Y, Stanovych A, Gori D, Zirah S, Kouklovsky C, Alezra V."	"β,γ-diamino acids as building blocks for new analogues of Gramicidin S: Synthesis and biological activity"
DRAMP02998	GNNRPVYIPQPRPPHPRI	18	"Apidaecin-1A (Apidaecin IA; Insects, animals)"	"Q06602, P11525, P11526"	Belongs to the apidaecin family	APID73	Apis mellifera (Honeybee)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Agrobacterium tumefaciens (MIC=0.2 ?g/ml), Erwinia salicis (MIC=0.02 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli (MIC=0.1 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas syringae (MIC=0.2 ?g/ml), Rhizobium meliloti (MIC=0.1 ?g/ml), Salmonella Newport (MIC=0.2 ?g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=0.1 ?g/ml), Shigella flexneri (MIC=0.1 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Corynebacterium insidiosum (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Bacillus megaterium (MIC=150 ?g/ml)"	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	2676519	EMBO J. 1989 Aug;8(8):2387-2391.	"Casteels P, Ampe C, Jacobs F, Vaeck M, Tempst P."	Apidaecins: antibacterial peptides from honeybees.
DRAMP02999	PFKISIHL	8	"Jellein-1 (Jelleine-I; chain of Major royal jelly protein 1; Insects, animals)"	"O18330, Q548D6"	Belongs to the major royal jelly protein family	MRJP1	Apis mellifera (Honeybee)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Jellein-1 has antibacterial and antifungal activity.
Tissue specificity: Found in the hypopharyngeal glands of the worker honeybee.
Developmental stage: Produced in the cephalic glands of both the nurse bee and the forager bee. This bee milk protein changes to alpha-glucosidase in accordance with the age-dependent role change of the worker bee.
Miscellaneous: Exhibits a growth factor-like action on primary-cultured rat hepatocytes by stimulating DNA synthesis and protecting cells from apoptosis induced by serum deprivation. Also activates mitogen-activated protein kinase, as well as protein kinase B, a key regulator of cell survival. Degraded proportionally to the period of storage, and is completely lost during storage at 40 degrees Celsius for 30 days. PTM: Histidine amide at H7."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6535 (MIC=10 ?g/ml), S. saprophyticus (MIC=15 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis CCT 2471 (MIC=10 ?g/ml).##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli CCT 1371 (MIC=2.5 ?g/ml), Enterobacter cloacae ACCT 23355 (MIC=10 ?g/ml), Klebsiella pneumoniae ACCT 13883 (MIC=10 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ACCT 27853 (MIC=10 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=2.5 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15203237##9395329##21516106	Peptides. 2004 Jun;25(6):919-928.##Eur J Biochem. 1997 Nov 1;249(3):797-802.##Nature. 2011 May 26;473(7348):478-483.	"Fontana R, Mendes MA, de Souza BM, Konno K, César LM, Malaspina O, Palma MS.##Ohashi K, Natori S, Kubo T.##Kamakura M."	Jelleines: a family of antimicrobial peptides from the Royal Jelly of honeybees (Apis mellifera).##Change in the mode of gene expression of the hypopharyngeal gland cells with an age-dependent role change of the worker honeybee Apis mellifera L.##Royalactin induces queen differentiation in honeybees.
DRAMP03000	TPFKISIHL	9	"Jellein-2 (Jelleine-II; chain of Major royal jelly protein 1; Insects, animals)"	"O18330, Q548D6"	Belongs to the major royal jelly protein family	MRJP1	Apis mellifera (Honeybee)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Jellein-2 has antibacterial and antifungal activity. Jellein-2 is probably processed to yield jellein-1 and jellein-4.
Tissue specificity: Found in the hypopharyngeal glands of the worker honeybee.
Developmental stage: Produced in the cephalic glands of both the nurse bee and the forager bee. This bee milk protein changes to alpha-glucosidase in accordance with the age-dependent role change of the worker bee.
Miscellaneous: Exhibits a growth factor-like action on primary-cultured rat hepatocytes by stimulating DNA synthesis and protecting cells from apoptosis induced by serum deprivation. Also activates mitogen-activated protein kinase, as well as protein kinase B, a key regulator of cell survival. Degraded proportionally to the period of storage, and is completely lost during storage at 40 degrees Celsius for 30 days. PTM: Leucine amide at L9."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6535 (MIC=15 ?g/ml), S. saprophyticus (MIC=10 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis CCT 2471 (MIC=30 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli CCT 1371 (MIC=15 ?g/ml), Enterobacter cloacae ACCT 23355 (MIC=15 ?g/ml), Klebsiella pneumoniae ACCT 13883 (MIC=15 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ACCT 27853 (MIC=15 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=2.5 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15203237##9395329##21516106	Peptides. 2004 Jun;25(6):919-928.##Eur J Biochem. 1997 Nov 1;249(3):797-802.##Nature. 2011 May 26;473(7348):478-483.	"Fontana R, Mendes MA, de Souza BM, Konno K, César LM, Malaspina O, Palma MS.##Ohashi K, Natori S, Kubo T.##Kamakura M."	Jelleines: a family of antimicrobial peptides from the Royal Jelly of honeybees (Apis mellifera).##Change in the mode of gene expression of the hypopharyngeal gland cells with an age-dependent role change of the worker honeybee Apis mellifera L.##Royalactin induces queen differentiation in honeybees.
DRAMP03001	EPFKISIHL	9	"Jellein-3 (Jelleine-III; Insects, animals)"	P84759	Not found	MRJP1	Apis mellifera (Honeybee)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Jellein-3 has antibacterial and antifungal activity.
Tissue specificity: Found in the hypopharyngeal glands of the worker honeybee.
PTM: Leucine amide at L9."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6535 (MIC=30 ?g/ml), S. saprophyticus (MIC=30 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli CCT1371 (MIC=15 ?g/ml), Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 23355, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=30 ?g/ml).##Yeast: Candida albicans."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15203237	Peptides. 2004 Jun;25(6):919-928.	"ntana R, Mendes MA, de Souza BM, Konno K, César LM, Malaspina O, Palma MS."	Jelleines: a family of antimicrobial peptides from the Royal Jelly of honeybees (Apis mellifera).
DRAMP03057	GSKKPVPIIYCNRRTGKCQRM	21	"Thanatin(insects, arthropods, invertebrates, animals)"	P55788 	Not found	Not found	Podisus maculiventris	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Beta strand	"Contain C-terminally a loop of 6 residues, delineated by an intramolecular disulfide bridge. This loop carries a strong positive charge in both molecules and contains a central threonine residue, which separates two subgroups of electropositivity."	8TFV	Function: Insect defense peptide with a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. No activity against S.aureus. Stops respiration in bacteria but does not permeabilize their inner membranes. Has no detectable hemolytic activity. 	"[Ref.8577744] Gram-positive bacteria: Aerococcus viridans (MIC=0.6-1.2 ?M), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=1.2-2.5 ?M), Bacillus megaterium (MIC=2.5-5 ?M), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=2.5-5 ?M), Pediococcus acidilactici (MIC=20-40 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli D22 (MIC=0.3-0.6 ?M), Escherichia coli D31 (MIC=0.3-0.6 ?M), Escherichia coli 1106 (MIC=0.6-1.2 ?M), Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=0.6-1.2 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=0.6-1.2 ?M), Enterobacter cloacae (MIC=1.2-2.5 ?M), Erwinia carotovora (MIC=10-20 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=20-40 ?M);##Fungi: Neurospora crassa (MIC=0.6-1.2 ?M), Botrytis cinerea (MIC=1.2-2.5 ?M), Nectria haematococca (MIC=1.2-2.5 ?M), Trichoderma viride (MIC=1.2-2.5 ?M), Alternaria brassicicola (MIC=2.5-5 ?M), Fusarium culmorum (MIC=2.5-5 ?M), Ascochyta pisi (MIC=5-10?M), Fusarium oxysporum (MIC=10-20 ?M)."	[Ref.8577744] It exhibits no hemolytic activity at 40 ?M against porcine erythrocytes.	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys11 and Cys18.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	8577744##9760181	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Feb 6;93(3):1221-1225.##Eur J Biochem. 1998 Sep 1;256(2):404-410.	"Fehlbaum P, Bulet P, Chernysh S, Briand JP, Roussel JP, Letellier L, Hetru C, Hoffmann JA.##Mandard N, Sodano P, Labbe H, Bonmatin JM, Bulet P, Hetru C, Ptak M, Vovelle F."	"Structure-activity analysis of thanatin, a 21-residue inducible insect defense peptide with sequence homology to frog skin antimicrobial peptides.##Solution structure of thanatin, a potent bactericidal and fungicidal insect peptide, determined from proton two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance data."
DRAMP03003	GFLSILKKVLPKVMAHMK	18	"Melectin (MEP; Insects, animals)"	P86170	Not found	Not found	Melecta albifrons (Cuckoo bee) (Melecta punctata)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria as well as Gram-negative bacteria. Stimulates degranulation from rat peritoneal mast cells with an EC50 of 19.4 ?M. Has weak hemolytic activity towards rat erythrocytes.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom gland.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	"[Ref.18942691]Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=0.8 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=6.8 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=2.0 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=18.5 ?M)."	[Ref.18942691]LC50>100 μM against rat red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	18942691	Chembiochem. 2008 Nov 24;9(17):2815-2821.	"Cerovsk? V, Hovorka O, Cvacka J, Voburka Z, Bednárová L, Borovicková L, Slaninová J, Fucík V."	Melectin: a novel antimicrobial peptide from the venom of the cleptoparasitic bee Melecta albifrons.
DRAMP03007	GFLSALKKYLPIVLKHV	17	"Osmin (Insects, animals)"	P0CD70	Not found	Not found	Osmia rufa (Red mason bee)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix (CD)	"In absence of TFE, the spectrum shows a random coil type structure. When increasing the concentration of TFE from 0 to 20%, a transition into an α-helix structure is observed."	None	"Function: Synthetic peptide exhibits hemolytic activity to human erythrocytes and inhibits bacterial and fungal growth at micromolar concentrations. A synthetic peptide with a free C-terminus shows weaker hemolytic (5.0 HU/mg), antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom gland.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	[Ref.19109988]Gram-positive bacterium: Micrococcus luteus (MIC=1.56-0.78 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli SBS363 (MIC=3.125-1.56 ?M);##fungi: Fusarium oxysporum (MIC=0.78-0.39 ?M).	[Ref.19109988]5.0 HU/mg hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	19109988	Toxicon. 2010 Jan;55(1):20-27.	"?cklin R, Favreau P, Thai R, Pflugfelder J, Bulet P, Mebs D."	Structural identification by mass spectrometry of a novel antimicrobial peptide from the venom of the solitary bee Osmia rufa (hymenoptera: megachilidae).
DRAMP03019	INWLKLGKKILGAL	14	Mastoparan PDD-B	No entry found	Belongs to the mastoparan family	Not found	Polistes dorsalis dorsolis	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial activity. PDD-B has hemolytic activity.	[Ref.18375018]Gram-positive bacterium: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=70 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=15.5 ?M).	[Ref.18375018]IC50=45 μM against rat red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	18375018	Peptides. 2008 Jun;29(6):992-1003.	"Cerovsk? V, Slaninová J, Fucík V, Hulacová H, Borovicková L, Jezek R, Bednárová L."	New potent antimicrobial peptides from the venom of Polistinae wasps and their analogs.
DRAMP03020	INWKKIFEKVKNLV	14	Mastoparan PDD-A	No entry found	Belongs to the mastoparan family	Not found	Polistes dorsalis dorsolis	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial activity. PDD-A shows little hemolytic activity.	[Ref.18375018]Gram-positive bacterium: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=11.8 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=7.5 ?M).	[Ref.18375018]IC50>100 μM against rat red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	18375018	Peptides. 2008 Jun;29(6):992-1003.	"Cerovsk? V, Slaninová J, Fucík V, Hulacová H, Borovicková L, Jezek R, Bednárová L."	New potent antimicrobial peptides from the venom of Polistinae wasps and their analogs.
DRAMP03021	INWKKIASIGKEVLKAL	17	Mastoparan PMM	No entry found	Belongs to the mastoparan family	Not found	Polistes major major	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial activity. Shows hemolytic activity.	[Ref.18375018]Gram-positive bacterium: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=7.3 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=25.8 ?M).	[Ref.18375018]IC50=80 μM against rat red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	18375018	Peptides. 2008 Jun;29(6):992-1003.	"Cerovsk? V, Slaninová J, Fucík V, Hulacová H, Borovicková L, Jezek R, Bednárová L."	New potent antimicrobial peptides from the venom of Polistinae wasps and their analogs.
DRAMP03022	INWLKLGKKMMSAL	14	Mastoparan MP	No entry found	Belongs to the mastoparan family	Not found	Mischocyttarus phthisicus	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial activity. Has hemolytic activity.	[Ref.18375018]Gram-positive bacterium: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=9 ?M);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=65 ?M).	[Ref.18375018]IC50=100 μM against rat red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	18375018	Peptides. 2008 Jun;29(6):992-1003.	"Cerovsk? V, Slaninová J, Fucík V, Hulacová H, Borovicková L, Jezek R, Bednárová L."	New potent antimicrobial peptides from the venom of Polistinae wasps and their analogs.
DRAMP01739	LLPIVGNLLKSLL	13	"Temporin-B (Frogs, amphibians, animals)"	P79874 	Belongs to the frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Brevinin subfamily.	Not found	Rana temporaria (European common frog)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	6GIL resolved by NMR.	"Function: Antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Has hemolytic activity.
PTM: Leucine amide at position 13.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the skin glands."	"[Ref.9022710] Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megaterium BM11 (LC=2.8 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus Cowanl (LC=6.0 ?M), Streptococcus pyogenes betahemolytic group A (LC=7.0 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli D21(LC=21.0 ?M), Escherichia coli D21e7 (LC=13.2 ?M), Escherichia coli D21f1 (LC=10.0 ?M), Escherichia coli D21f2 (LC=3.3 ?M), Escherichia coli D22 (LC=11.2 ?M),Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (LC=7.0 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC15692 (LC>360 ?M);##Yeast: Candida albicans (LC=4.0 ?M).(LC: Lethal concentration).##[Ref.28443279] Gram-positive bacterium: S.aureus ATCC 33591 (MIC=12μM), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=6μM);##Gram-negative bacterium: Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC BAA-1706 (MIC=48μM), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=48μM)"	[Ref.9022710] LC>120 ?M against Human red blood cells. (LC: Lethal concentration)##[Ref.28443279] 1% hemolysis at 96μM against human red blood cells.	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	9022710##28443279	Eur J Biochem. 1996 Dec 15;242(3):788-792.##Front Chem. 2017 Apr 11;5:24.	"Simmaco M, Mignogna G, Canofeni S, Miele R, Mangoni ML, Barra D.##Grassi L, Maisetta G, Maccari G, Esin S, Batoni G."	"Temporins, antimicrobial peptides from the European red frog Rana temporaria.##Analogs of the Frog-skin Antimicrobial Peptide Temporin 1Tb Exhibit a Wider Spectrum of Activity and a Stronger Antibiofilm Potential as Compared to the Parental Peptide"
DRAMP03033	INWKGIAAMAKKLL	14	"Mastoparan-like peptide 12a (Insects, animals)"	P0C1M4	Not found	Not found	Vespa magnifica (Hornet)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Mast cell degranulating peptide. Has little hemolytic activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom gland.
PTM: C-terminal amidation (Leucine amide: L14). "	[Ref.17046111]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=7.5 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2592 (MIC=3.7 ?g/ml);##Fungi: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=3.7 ?g/ml).	[Ref.16330062]Little hemolytic activity at 50 μg/ml against rabbit red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	16330062##17046111	Toxicon. 2006 Feb;47(2):249-253.##Peptides. 2006 Dec;27(12):3053-3057.	"Xu X, Li J, Lu Q, Yang H, Zhang Y, Lai R.##Xu X, Yang H, Yu H, Li J, Lai R."	Two families of antimicrobial peptides from wasp (Vespa magnifica) venom.##The mastoparanogen from wasp.
DRAMP03034	INWKGIAAMKKLL	13	"Mastoparan-like peptide 12b (Insects, animals)"	P0C1M5	Not found	Not found	Vespa magnifica (Hornet)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Mast cell degranulating peptide. Has little hemolytic activity. Shows antimicrobial activity.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom gland.
PTM: C-terminal amidation (Leucine amide: L13)."	[Ref.16330062]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=15 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2592 (MIC=3.7 ?g/ml);##Fungi: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=7.5 ?g/ml).	[Ref.16330062]Little hemolytic activity at 50 μg/ml against rabbit red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	16330062	Toxicon. 2006 Feb;47(2):249-53. Epub 2005 Dec 5. Peptides. 2006 Dec;27(12):3053-7. Epub 2006 Oct 13.	"Xu X, Li J, Lu Q, Yang H, Zhang Y, Lai R.Xu X, Yang H, Yu H, Li J, Lai R."	Two families of antimicrobial peptides from wasp (Vespa magnifica) venomThe mastoparanogen from wasp.
DRAMP03035	INLKAIAALAKKLLG	15	"Mastoparan-like peptide 12c (Insects, animals)"	A0SPI0	Not found	Not found	Vespa magnifica (Hornet)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Shows mast cell degranulation and antimicrobial activities.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom gland.
PTM: C-terminal amidation (Leucine amide: L14). "	Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=6.0 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2592 (MIC=3.0 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=12.0 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	17046111	Peptides. 2006 Dec;27(12):3053-3057.	"Xu X, Yang H, Yu H, Li J, Lai R."	The mastoparanogen from wasp.
DRAMP03036	INLKAIAAMAKKLL	14	"Mastoparan-like peptide 12d (Insects, animals)"	P0C5G7	Not found	Not found	Vespa magnifica (Hornet)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Shows mast cell degranulation and antimicrobial activities.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom gland.
PTM: C-terminal amidation (Leucine amide: L14). "	Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=3.0 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2592 (MIC=1.5 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Candida albicans ATCC 2002 (MIC=12.0 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	17046111	Peptides. 2006 Dec;27(12):3053-3057.	"Xu X, Yang H, Yu H, Li J, Lai R."	The mastoparanogen from wasp.
DRAMP03037	LNLKGIFKKVASLLT	15	"Eumenitin (Er-12; Insects, animals)"	P0C931	Not found	Not found	Eumenes rubronotatus (Solitary wasp)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Cationic linear alpha-helical antimicrobial peptide that binds preferentially to charged lipid membranes as compared with zwitterionic ones. It exhibits inhibitory activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and moderately stimulates degranulation from the rat peritoneal mast cells. Does not show hemolytic activity. May play a role in preventing infection by microorganisms during prey consumption by their larvae.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom gland."	"[Ref.16762455]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (MIC>60 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=6 ?M), Staphylococcus saprophytius (CS) (MIC=6 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermius (CS) (MIC>60 ?M), Bacillus subtilis CCT 2471 (MIC=60 ?M), Bacillus thuringiensis (WT) (MIC>60 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli CCT 1371 (MIC=6 ?M), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=6 ?M), Escherichia cloacae ATCC 23355 (MIC>60 ?M), Proteus mirabilis (CS) (MIC>60 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 (MIC=30 ?M)."	[Ref.16762455]Non-hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane (Note: Assumes an amphipathic alpha-helical conformation in a lipid environmen	16762455##18206199	Peptides. 2006 Nov;27(11):2624-2631.##Toxicon. 2008 Apr;51(5):736-745.	"Konno K, Hisada M, Naoki H, Itagaki Y, Fontana R, Rangel M, Oliveira JS, Cabrera MP, Neto JR, Hide I, Nakata Y, Yasuhara T, Nakajima T.##Arcisio-Miranda M, dos Santos Cabrera MP, Konno K, Rangel M, Procopio J."	"Eumenitin, a novel antimicrobial peptide from the venom of the solitary eumenine wasp Eumenes rubronotatus.##Effects of the cationic antimicrobial peptide eumenitin from the venom of solitary wasp Eumenes rubronotatus in planar lipid bilayers: surface charge and pore formation activity."
DRAMP03038	LNLKGLIKKVASLLN	15	"Eumenitin-R (Insects, animals)"	P0CJ36	Not found	Not found	Eumenes rubrofemoratus (Solitary wasp)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Linear cationic alpha-helical peptide that acts as antimicrobial peptide by forming pore in membrane. Has antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. Has more potent activities against the yeast C.albicans. Shows moderate mast cell degranulation and leishmanicidal activities. Has a very low hemolytic activity against mice erythrocytes.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom sac."	"[Ref.21549739]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=60 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis (clinical sample) (MIC=30 ?M), Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10240 (MIC=15 ?M), Streptococcus pyogenes (clinical sample) (MIC=15 ?M), Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 (MIC=7.5 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=30 ?M), Proteus mirabilis (clinical sample) (MIC=60 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=30 ?M), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ATCC 13637 (MIC=15 ?M);##Fungi: Candida albicans ATCC 90112 (MIC<7.5 ?M)."	[Ref.21549739]EC50=530.3 μM against mice erythrocytes	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane (Note: Assumes an amphipathic alpha-helical conformation in a lipid environmen	21549739	Toxicon. 2011 Jun;57(7-8):1081-1092.	"Rangel M, Cabrera MP, Kazuma K, Ando K, Wang X, Kato M, Nihei K, Hirata IY, Cross TJ, Garcia AN, Faquim-Mauro EL, Franzolin MR, Fuchino H, Mori-Yasumoto K, Sekita S, Kadowaki M, Satake M, Konno K."	Chemical and biological characterization of four new linear cationic ?±-helical peptides from the venoms of two solitary eumenine wasps.
DRAMP03039	LNLKGLFKKVASLLT	15	"Eumenitin-F (Insects, animals)"	P0CJ37	Not found	Not found	Eumenes fraterculus (Solitary wasp)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Linear cationic alpha-helical peptide that acts as antimicrobial peptide by forming pore in membrane. Has antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. Has more potent activities against the yeast C.albicans. Shows moderate mast cell degranulation and leishmanicidal activities. Has a very low hemolytic activity against mice erythrocytes.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom sac."	"[Ref.21549739]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC>60 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis (clinical sample) (MIC=30 ?M), Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10240 (MIC=30 ?M), Streptococcus pyogenes (clinical sample) (MIC=30 ?M), Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 (MIC=30 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=30 ?M), Proteus mirabilis (clinical sample) (MIC>60 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=30 ?M), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ATCC 13637 (MIC=15 ?M);##Fungi: Candida albicans ATCC 90112 (MIC=7.5 ?M)."	[Ref.21549739]EC50=353.4 μM against mice erythrocytes	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane (Note: Assumes an amphipathic alpha-helical conformation in a lipid environmen	21549739	Toxicon. 2011 Jun;57(7-8):1081-1092.	"Rangel M, Cabrera MP, Kazuma K, Ando K, Wang X, Kato M, Nihei K, Hirata IY, Cross TJ, Garcia AN, Faquim-Mauro EL, Franzolin MR, Fuchino H, Mori-Yasumoto K, Sekita S, Kadowaki M, Satake M, Konno K."	Chemical and biological characterization of four new linear cationic ?±-helical peptides from the venoms of two solitary eumenine wasps.
DRAMP03040	FDVMGIIKKIAGAL	14	"Eumenine mastoparan-EF (EMP-EF; Insects, animals)"	P0CJ39	Not found	Not found	Eumenes fraterculus (Solitary wasp)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Linear cationic alpha-helical peptide that acts as antimicrobial peptide by forming pore in membrane. Has antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. Has more potent activities against the yeast C.albicans. Shows moderate mast cell degranulation and leishmanicidal activities. Has a very low hemolytic activity against mice erythrocytes.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom sac.
PTM: C-terminal amidation (Leucine amide: L14)."	"[Ref.21549739]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=30 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis (clinical sample) (MIC=30 ?M), Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10240 (MIC=30 ?M), Streptococcus pyogenes (clinical sample) (MIC>30 ?M), Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 (MIC=30 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=30 ?M), Proteus mirabilis (clinical sample) (MIC=60 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC>30 ?M), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ATCC 13637 (MIC>30 ?M);##Fungi: Candida albicans ATCC 90112 (MIC=7.5 ?M)."	[Ref.21549739]EC50=181.1 μM against mice erythrocytes	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane (Note: Assumes an amphipathic alpha-helical conformation in a lipid environmen	21549739	Toxicon. 2011 Jun;57(7-8):1081-1092.	"Rangel M, Cabrera MP, Kazuma K, Ando K, Wang X, Kato M, Nihei K, Hirata IY, Cross TJ, Garcia AN, Faquim-Mauro EL, Franzolin MR, Fuchino H, Mori-Yasumoto K, Sekita S, Kadowaki M, Satake M, Konno K."	Chemical and biological characterization of four new linear cationic ?±-helical peptides from the venoms of two solitary eumenine wasps.
DRAMP03041	FDIMGLIKKVAGAL	14	"Eumenine mastoparan-ER (EMP-ER; Insects, animals)"	P0CJ38	Not found	Not found	Eumenes rubrofemoratus (Solitary wasp)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Linear cationic alpha-helical peptide that acts as antimicrobial peptide by forming pore in membrane. Has antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. Has more potent activities against the yeast C.albicans. Shows moderate mast cell degranulation and leishmanicidal activities. Has a very low hemolytic activity against mice erythrocytes.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom sac.
PTM: C-terminal amidation (Leucine amide: L14)."	"[Ref.21549739]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=30 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis (clinical sample) (MIC=30 ?M), Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10240 (MIC>30 ?M), Streptococcus pyogenes (clinical sample) (MIC>30 ?M), Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 (MIC=30 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=30 ?M), Proteus mirabilis (clinical sample) (MIC=60 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC>30 ?M), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ATCC 13637 (MIC>30 ?M);##Fungi: Candida albicans ATCC 90112 (MIC=7.5 ?M)."	[Ref.21549739]EC50=200 μM against mice erythrocytes	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane (Note: Assumes an amphipathic alpha-helical conformation in a lipid environmen	21549739	Toxicon. 2011 Jun;57(7-8):1081-1092.	"Rangel M, Cabrera MP, Kazuma K, Ando K, Wang X, Kato M, Nihei K, Hirata IY, Cross TJ, Garcia AN, Faquim-Mauro EL, Franzolin MR, Fuchino H, Mori-Yasumoto K, Sekita S, Kadowaki M, Satake M, Konno K."	Chemical and biological characterization of four new linear cationic ?±-helical peptides from the venoms of two solitary eumenine wasps.
DRAMP03042	INLLKIAKGIIKSL	14	"Eumenine mastoparan-AF (EMP-AF; Af-113; Insects, animals)"	P0C022	Not found	Not found	Anterhynchium flavomarginatum micado (Solitary wasp)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Alpha helix 	Not found	None	"Function: Mast cell degranulating peptide. Also permeates anionic liposomes. Has hemolytic activity. Has an amphiphilic alpha-helix conformation. Shows broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Blocks the lobster neuromuscular transmission. Induces the depolarization of the muscle membrane.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom gland.
PTM: C-terminal amidation (Leucine amide: L14)."	"[Ref.15317499]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (MIC=5 ?g/ml), S. saprophyticus CS (MIC=5 ?g/ml), S. epidermidis CS (MIC=5 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis CCT 2471 (MIC=40 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli CCT 1371 (MIC=20 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=50 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 (MIC=20 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.10775751]100% hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes at 10^-4 M	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane (Note: Assumes an amphipathic alpha-helical conformation in a lipid environmen	15317499##11006592##10775751	J Pept Res. 2004 Sep;64(3):95-103.##Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2000;14(19):1828-1834.##Toxicon. 2000 Nov;38(11):1505-1015.	"dos Santos Cabrera M.P, de Souza B.M, Fontana R, Konno K, Palma M.S, de Azevedo W.F. Jr, Neto J.R.##Hisada M, Konno K, Itagaki Y, Naoki H, Nakajima T.##Konno K, Hisada M, Naoki H, Itagaki Y, Kawai N, Miwa A, Yasuhara T, Morimoto Y, Nakata Y."	"Conformation and lytic activity of eumenine mastoparan: a new antimicrobial peptide from wasp venom.##Advantages of using nested collision induced dissociation/post-source decay with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: sequencing of novel peptides from wasp venom.##Structure and biological activities of eumenine mastoparan-AF (EMP-AF), a new mast cell degranulating peptide in the venom of the solitary wasp (Anterhynchium flavomarginatum micado)."
DRAMP03043	INWLKLGKAIIDAL	14	"Agelaia-mastoparan (Agelaia-MP; Insects, animals)"	P69436	Not found	Not found	Agelaia pallipes pallipes (Neotropical social wasp)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Hemolytic mast cell degranulator, presenting no antimicrobial action and no chemotaxis for polymorphonucleated leukocytes (PMNL).
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom gland.
PTM: C-terminal amidation (Leucine amide: L14)."	"[Ref.15225564]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=382 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=257 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=237 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=191 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.15225564]70% hemolytic activity at 156 ng/ml against rat erythrocytes	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15225564##15052574	Toxicon. 2004 Jul;44(1):67-74.##Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2004;18(6):636-642.	"Mendes MA, de Souza BM, Marques MR, Palma MS.##Mendes MA, Monson de Souza B, Delazari dos Santos L, Palma MS."	Structural and biological characterization of two novel peptides from the venom of the neotropical social wasp Agelaia pallipes pallipes.##Structural characterization of novel chemotactic and mastoparan peptides from the venom of the social wasp Agelaiapallipes pallipes by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.
DRAMP03044	ILGTILGLLKGL	12	"Protonectin (Agelaia-chemotactic peptide, Agelaia-CP; Insects, animals)"	P69437	Not found	Not found	Agelaia pallipes pallipes (Neotropical social wasp)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Mast cell degranulator that induces a potent chemotaxis in polymorphonucleated leukocyte (PMNL) cells. Shows potent antimicrobial action against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Shows no hemolytic activity.	"[Ref.15225564]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=25 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=1.7 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=3.1 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.15052574]Non-hemolytic activity against rat red blood cell	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15225564##15052574	Toxicon. 2004 Jul;44(1):67-74.##Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2004;18(6):636-642.	"Mendes MA, de Souza BM, Marques MR, Palma MS.##Mendes MA, Monson de Souza B, Delazari dos Santos L, Palma MS."	Structural and biological characterization of two novel peptides from the venom of the neotropical social wasp Agelaia pallipes pallipes.##Structural characterization of novel chemotactic and mastoparan peptides from the venom of the social wasp Agelaiapallipes pallipes by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.
DRAMP03045	VTCELLMFGGVVGDSACAANCLSMGKAGGSCNGGLCDCRKTTFKELWDKRFG	52	"Defensin-NV (Insects, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Nasonia vitripennis (Ectoparasitic wasp)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Bridge	Not found	None	"Function: Defensin-NV had little hemolytic activity to rabbit red blood cells and has antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and Fungi."	"[Ref.20362606]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=0.93 ?M), Bacillus cereus (MIC=0.93 ?M), B. dysenteriae (MIC=0.46 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=1.86 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=9.3 ?M).##Yeast: Candida albicans (MIC=1.86 ?M)."	[Ref.20362606]5% hemolytic activity at 200 μg/ml against rabbit red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	20362606	Toxicon. 2010 Aug 1;56(1):101-106.	"Ye J, Zhao H, Wang H, Bian J, Zheng R."	A defensin antimicrobial peptide from the venoms of Nasonia vitripennis.
DRAMP03046	ILGIITSLLKSL	12	"Orancis-protonectin (chain of Venom peptide 2-long; Venom peptide 2, OdVP2; Insects, animals)"	"P86147, C7DT08"	Belongs to the MCD family (Protonectin subfamily)	VP2	Orancistrocerus drewseni (Solitary wasp)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has potent hemolytic activity against ovine erythrocytes at micromolar concentrations. Also exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against fungi. Venom peptide 2-long has substantially lower antimicrobial activity against C. albicans and bacteria than Orancis-protonectin but has equivalent activity against Botrytis cinerea.	"[Ref.19857508]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=25 μg/ml);##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC<100 ?g/ml), Botrytis cinerea (MIC=0.5 ?g/ml)."	[Ref.18695936]84% hemolytic activity at 50 μM against sheep blood cells.	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	19857508##18695936	Toxicon. 2010 Apr 1;55(4):711-718.##Amino Acids. 2009 Jul;37(2):389-394.	"Baek JH, Lee SH.##Murata K, Shinada T, Ohfune Y, Hisada M, Yasuda A, Naoki H, Nakajima T."	"Isolation and molecular cloning of venom peptides from Orancistrocerus drewseni (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae).##Novel mastoparan and protonectin analogs isolated from a solitary wasp, Orancistrocerus drewseni drewseni."
DRAMP03047	EPILGIITSLLKSL	14	"Venom peptide 2-long (OdVP2L; analog of OdVP2; Insects, animals)"	"P86147, C7DT08"	Belongs to the MCD family (Protonectin subfamily)	VP2	Orancistrocerus drewseni (Solitary wasp)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has potent hemolytic activity against ovine erythrocytes at micromolar concentrations.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom gland."	"[Swiss_Prot Entry P86147]Fungi: Botrytis cinerea (MIC=0.5 ?g/ml), Candida albicans (MIC=100 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: S. aureus (MIC=25 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli."	[Swiss_Prot Entry P86147]has potent hemolytic activity against ovine erythrocytes at micromolar concentrations	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	19857508##18695936	Toxicon. 2010 Apr 1;55(4):711-718.##Amino Acids. 2009 Jul;37(2):389-394.	"Baek JH, Lee SH.##Murata K, Shinada T, Ohfune Y, Hisada M, Yasuda A, Naoki H, Nakajima T."	"Isolation and molecular cloning of venom peptides from Orancistrocerus drewseni (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae).##Novel mastoparan and protonectin analogs isolated from a solitary wasp, Orancistrocerus drewseni drewseni."
DRAMP03050	INWKKIAEVGGKILSSL	17	"Dominulin-A (Insects, animals)"	P0C1M6	Belongs to the MCD family (Mastoparan subfamily)	Not found	Polistes dominulus (European paper wasp)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antimicrobial activity.	Gram-positive bacterium: Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 (MIC=2 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli JM109 (MIC=8 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	16446098	J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2006 Mar;17(3):376-383.	"Turillazzi S, Mastrobuoni G, Dani FR, Moneti G, Pieraccini G, la Marca G, Bartolucci G, Perito B, Lambardi D, Cavallini V, Dapporto L."	"Dominulin A and B: two new antibacterial peptides identified on the cuticle and in the venom of the social paper wasp Polistes dominulus using MALDI-TOF, MALDI-TOF/TOF, and ESI-ion trap."
DRAMP03051	INWKKIAEIGKQVLSAL	17	"Dominulin-B (Insects, animals)"	P0C1M7	Belongs to the MCD family (Mastoparan subfamily)	Not found	Polistes dominulus (European paper wasp)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Shows antimicrobial activity.	Gram-positive bacterium: Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 (MIC=2 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli JM109 (MIC=8 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	16446098	J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2006 Mar;17(3):376-383.	"Turillazzi S, Mastrobuoni G, Dani FR, Moneti G, Pieraccini G, la Marca G, Bartolucci G, Perito B, Lambardi D, Cavallini V, Dapporto L."	"Dominulin A and B: two new antibacterial peptides identified on the cuticle and in the venom of the social paper wasp Polistes dominulus using MALDI-TOF, MALDI-TOF/TOF, and ESI-ion trap."
DRAMP03052	GAARKSIRLHRLYTWKATIYTR	22	"PP13 (Insects, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Pteromalus puparum (wasp)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Alpha helix (CD)	Not found	None	"Function: These peptides have net positive charges and are active against both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, but are not active against fungi tested."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus CVCC1882 (MIC=23.3 ?M), Sarcina lutea CVCC1600 (MIC=8 ?M), Bacillus pumilus CVCC709 (MIC=9 ?M), Bacillus subtilis CVCC717 (MIC=13.3 ?M).##Gram-positive bacterium: Escherichia coli CVCC1570 (MIC=16.7 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane	19950104	J Pept Sci. 2010 Jan;16(1):58-64.	"Shen X, Ye G, Cheng X, Yu C, Yao H, Hu C."	Novel antimicrobial peptides identified from an endoparasitic wasp cDNA library.
DRAMP03053	GSCSCSGTISPYGLRTCRATKTKPSHPTTKETHPQTLPT	39	"PP102 (Insects, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Pteromalus puparum (wasp)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: These peptides have net positive charges and are active against both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, but are not active against fungi tested."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus CVCC1882 (MIC=13.3 ?M), Sarcina lutea CVCC1600 (MIC=63.3 ?M), Bacillus pumilus CVCC709 (MIC=23.3 ?M), Bacillus subtilis CVCC717 (MIC=25 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane	19950104	J Pept Sci. 2010 Jan;16(1):58-64.	"Shen X, Ye G, Cheng X, Yu C, Yao H, Hu C."	Novel antimicrobial peptides identified from an endoparasitic wasp cDNA library.
DRAMP03054	GKWGWIYITILFADVGGFKSSRHPEERRVQERRFKRITRGPD	42	"PP113 (Insects, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Pteromalus puparum (wasp)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: These peptides have net positive charges and are active against both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, but are not active against fungi tested. Salt-dependency studies revealed that the biocidal activity of these peptides against E. coli decreased with increasing concentration of NaCl."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus CVCC1882 (MIC=13 ?M), Sarcina lutea CVCC1600 (MIC=16.7 ?M), Bacillus pumilus CVCC709 (MIC=23.3 ?M), Bacillus subtilis CVCC717 (MIC=23.3 ?M).##Gram-positive bacterium: Escherichia coli CVCC1570 (MIC=16.7 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane	19950104	J Pept Sci. 2010 Jan;16(1):58-64.	"Shen X, Ye G, Cheng X, Yu C, Yao H, Hu C."	Novel antimicrobial peptides identified from an endoparasitic wasp cDNA library.
DRAMP03055	YVPPVQKPHPNGPKFPTFP	19	"PP30 (Pro-rich; abaecin-like; Insects, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Pteromalus puparum (wasp)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=23.3±2.1 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=16.7±2.1 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=133.3±11.6 ?M), Sarcina lutea (MIC=13.3±1.2 ?M), Bacillus pumilu (MIC=13.3±2.1 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	20466006	J Invertebr Pathol. 2010 Sep;105(1):24-29.	"Shen X, Ye G, Cheng X, Yu C, Altosaar I, Hu C."	Characterization of an abaecin-like antimicrobial peptide identified from a Pteromaluspuparum cDNA clone.
DRAMP03056	SLLSLIRKLIT	11	"Decoralin (Insects, animals)"	P85870	Not found	Not found	Oreumenes decoratus (Potter wasp)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Linear cationic alpha-helical peptide that acts as antimicrobial peptide. At high concentrations exhibits activity in stimulating degranulation from rat peritoneal mast cells. Inhibits the growth of L.major promastigotes in vitro with an IC50 of 72 ?M. Has hemolytic activity towards human and mouse erythrocytes.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom gland."	"[Ref.17981364]Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus CCT 6538 (MIC=40 ?M), S. saprophyticus (MIC=40 ?M), Bacillus subtilis CCT 2471 (MIC=40 ?M), B. thuringiensis (MIC=40 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=80 ?M), Escherichia coli CCT 1371 (MIC=160 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 (MIC=80 ?M), A. faecalis ATCC 8750 (MIC=40 ?M);##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=40 ?M), L. major promastigotes (IC50=72 ?M)."	[Ref.17981364]EC50=1 mM against mouse erythrocytes	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane	17981364	Peptides. 2007 Dec;28(12):2320-2327.	"Konno K, Rangel M, Oliveira JS, Dos Santos Cabrera MP, Fontana R, Hirata IY, Hide I, Nakata Y, Mori K, Kawano M, Fuchino H, Sekita S, Neto JR."	"Decoralin, a novel linear cationic alpha-helical peptide from the venom of the solitary eumenine wasp Oreumenes decoratus."
DRAMP18493	FIHHIIGGLISVGKHIHGLIHGH	23	TP3	L0CMD2	Piscidin	TP3	Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) (Tilapia nilotica)	"Antibacterial, wound healing, immunomodulatory, Anti-Gram+, Antimicrobial"	Protein level	Alpha helix	Not found	None	Function: Antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria. Antifungal activity. Has hemolytic activity.	"[Ref.29040295] Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=256 μg/ml; MBC=256 μg/ml), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=256 μg/ml; MBC>256 μg/ml);##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=128 μg/ml; MBC=128 μg/ml)"	"[Ref.29040295] 2% hemolysis at 3.13 μg/ml, 5% hemolysis at 6.25 μg/ml, 10% hemolysis at 12.50 μg/ml, 55% hemolysis at 25.00 μg/ml, 85% hemolysis at 50.00 μg/ml, 100% hemolysis at 100.00 μg/ml against mouse red blood cell"	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	29040295	PLoS One. 2017 Oct 17;12(10):e0186442. 	"Chang TW, Wei SY, Wang SH, Wei HM, Wang YJ, Wang CF, Chen C, Liao YD."	"Hydrophobic residues are critical for the helix-forming, hemolytic and bactericidal activities of amphipathic antimicrobial peptide TP4."
DRAMP03069	DLHIPPPDNKINWPQLSGGGGGSPKTGYDININAQQK	37	"Diptericin (Insects, animals)"	Q9TWW2	Belongs to the attacin/sarcotoxin-2 family	Not found	Sarcophaga peregrina (Flesh fly)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	By injury to the body wall of the larva. Expression peaks at 10 hours post-injury and is maintained at this level for at least 3 days.	"Escherichia coli (MIC=6.25 ?g/ml), Shigella sonnei (MIC=12.5 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	1445217	Biochem J. 1992 Oct 15;287 (Pt 2):573-578.	"Ishikawa M, Kubo T, Natori S."	Purification and characterization of a diptericin homologue from Sarcophaga peregrina (flesh fly).
DRAMP03075	WNPFKELERAGQRVRDAIISAGPAVATVAQATALAK	36	Cecropin-D	P01511	Belongs to the cecropin family	Not found	Antheraea pernyi (Chinese oak silk moth)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Cecropins have lytic and antibacterial activity against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli D21 (MIC=0.37 ?M), E. coli D31 (MIC=0.21 ?M), Serratia marsescens (MIC=6.1 ?M), S. marsescens Strain 122 (MIC=75 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa OT97 (MIC>81 ?M), Xenorhabdus nematophilus Xn21 (MIC=16 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis Bsll (MIC>81 ?M), Bacillus megaterium Bmll (MIC=24 ?M), Bacillus thuringiensis Btll (MIC>81 ?M), Streptococcus fecalis Ds16 (MIC>81 ?M), S. fecalis AD-4 (MIC>81 ?M), Micrococcus luteus MI11 (MIC=4 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	6754375	Eur J Biochem. 1982 Sep;127(1):219-224.	"Qu Z, Steiner H, Engstr?m A, Bennich H, Boman HG."	"Insect immunity: isolation and structure of cecropins B and D from pupae of the Chinese oak silk moth, Antheraea pernyi."
DRAMP03089	GWLKKIGKKIERVGQHTRDATIQGLGIAQQAANVAATAR	39	"Drosophila cecropin-A1/A2 (Insects, animals)"	"P14954, B3DN02, B3DN08, O16815, O16816, O16817, O16818, O16819, O16820"	Belongs to the cecropin family	CecA1 AND CecA2	Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Transcript level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Cecropins have lytic and antibacterial activity against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Tissue specificity: Strongly expressed in larval, pupal and adult fat body and hemocytes after injection of bacteria. Maximal expression in the adult involves fat body cells of the head, thorax and abdomen.
Induction: Induced as part of the humoral response to a bacterial invasion. Transcripts appear within one hour after injection of bacteria into the hemocoel, reach a maximum after 2-6 hours and have almost disappeared after 24 hours. Similar response is seen when flies ingest bacteria present in their food.
PTM: C-terminal amidation (By similarity)."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli D21 (MIC=0.3 ?M), Enterobacter cloacae β12 (MIC=0.4 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa OT97 (MIC=2.2 ?M), Serratia marcescens Db11 (MIC=93 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megatherium Bm11 (MIC=2.6 ?M), Bacillus subtilis Bsll (MIC=16 ?M), Micrococcus luteus MI11 (MIC=8.5 ?M). "	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	2104802##2390977##9725836	EMBO J. 1990 Jan;9(1):217-224.##EMBO J. 1990 Sep;9(9):2969-2976.	"Kylsten P, Samakovlis C, Hultmark D.##Samakovlis C, Kimbrell DA, Kylsten P, Engstr?m A, Hultmark D."	The cecropin locus in Drosophila; a compact gene cluster involved in the response to infection.##The immune response in Drosophila: pattern of cecropin expression and biological activity.
DRAMP03090	GWLRKLGKKIERIGQHTRDASIQVLGIAQQAANVAATAR	39	"Drosophila cecropin B (CecB; Insects, animals)"	"P14956, O16826, O16827, O16828, O18647, O61274, Q9V425"	Belongs to the cecropin family	CecB	Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Transcript level	Not found	Not found	None	"Induced as part of the humoral response to a bacterial invasion. Transcripts appear within one hour after injection of bacteria into the hemocoel, reach a maximum after 2-6 hours and have almost disappeared after 24 hours. Similar response is seen when flies ingest bacteria present in their food. [Ref.1]"	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli D21 (MIC=1.8 ?M), Enterobacter cloacae b12 (MIC=1.0 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa OT97 (MIC=4.2 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megatherium Bm11 (MIC=3.7 ?M), Bacillus subtilis Bsll (MIC=3.2 ?M), Micrococcus luteus MI11 (MIC=59 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	2390977##2104802	EMBO J. 1990 Sep;9(9):2969-2976.##EMBO J. 1990 Jan;9(1):217-224.	"Samakovlis C, Kimbrell DA, Kylsten P, Engstr?m A, Hultmark D.##Kylsten P, Samakovlis C, Hultmark D."	The immune response in Drosophila: pattern of cecropin expression and biological activity.##The cecropin locus in Drosophila; a compact gene cluster involved in the response to infection.
DRAMP03095	VFIDILDKVENAIHNAAQVGIGFAKPFEKLINPK	34	"Andropin (Insects, animals)"	"P21663, A9UNE4, O16822, O16823, O16824, Q6LAI1, Q9VA90"	Not found	Anp	Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Andropin is constitutively expressed in the adult male ejaculatory duct in response to mating not bacterial infection. Andropin is less fungicidal than the cecropins (Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 1999;29:965-72). Along with other antimicrobial proteins, this peptide sterilizes the reproduction system of insects and protects sperms from being infected by bacteria (J Insect Physiol. 2001 Jun;47(6):617-622). Similarly, ceratotoxins are expressed in the female reproductive accesary glands and expressed during mating."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli D21 (MIC=140 ?M), Enterobacter cloacae b312 (MIC>300 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa OT97 (MIC>300 ?M), Serratia marcescens Db 11 (MIC>127 ?M), Serratia marcescens Db 1140 (MIC>127 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megatherium Bml1 (MIC=11 ?M), Bacillus subtilis Bs11 (MIC=17 ?M), Micrococcus luteus MIll (MIC=20 ?M). "	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	1899226	EMBO J. 1991; 10:163-169.	"Samakovlis, C, Kylsten, P, Kimbrell, DA, Engstroem, A, Hultmark, D."	"The andropin gene and its product, a male-specific antibacterial peptide in Drosophila melanogaster."
DRAMP03096	RRQGPIFDTRPSPFNPNQPRPGPIY	25	"Metchnikowin-2 (Insects, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	Gram-positive bacterium: Micrococcus luteus (MIC=0.5-1.0 ?M).##Fungi: Neurospora crassa (MIC=0.5-1.0 ?M).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	7588819	Eur J Biochem. 1995 Oct 15;233(2):694-700.	"Levashina EA, Ohresser S, Bulet P, Reichhart JM, Hetru C, Hoffmann JA."	"Metchnikowin, a novel immune-inducible proline-rich peptide from Drosophila with antibacterial and antifungal properties."
DRAMP18495	QCRRLCYKQRCVTYCRGR	18	"Gomesin (Gm; Spiders, arachnids, Chelicerata, arthropods, invertebrates, animals)"	P82358 	Belongs to the tachyplesin family	Not found	Acanthoscurria gomesiana (Tarantula spider) (Phormictopus pheopygus)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal, Antiparasitic, Antimalarial, Antic"	Protein level	Beta sheet	Not found	1KFP resolved by NMR.	"Function: Antimicrobial activity  against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. It shows hemolytic activity.
Tissue specificity: In hemocytes only, but not in all hemocytes observed."	"[Ref.10942757] Gram-positive bacteria: Aerococcus viridans (MIC=0.8-1.6 μM), Bacillus cereus (MIC=6.25-12.5 μM), Bacillus megaterium (MIC=0.2-0.4 μM), Bacillus thuringiensis (MIC=1.6-3.15 μM), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC=6.2-12.5 μM), Listeria monocytogenes (MIC=0.8-1.6 μM), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=0.4-0.8 μM), Pediococcus acidolacrici (MIC=3.15-6.25 μM), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=1.6-3.15 μM), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=0.8-1.6 μM), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (MIC=0.8-1.6 μM), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (MIC=0.8-1.6 μM), Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC=1.6-3.15 μM), Nocardia asteroides (MIC=1.6-3.15 μM);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli 1106 (MIC=0.8-1.6 μM), Escherichia coli D22 (MIC=0.4-0.8 μM), Escherichia coli D31 (MIC=0.8-1.6 μM), Escherichia coli SBS363 (MIC=0.4-0.8 μM), Erwinia carolovora (MIC=3.15-6.25 μM), Enterobacter cloacae β12 (MIC=3.15-6.25 μM), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=3.15-6.25 μM), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=1.6-3.15 μM), Salmonella thyphinurium (MIC=0.8-1.6 μM), Xhantomonas campestris pv. orizae (MIC=3.15-6.25 μM);##Fungi: Alternaria brassicola (MIC=0.4-0.8 μM), Aspergillus fumigatus (MIC=1.6-3.15 μM), Beauveria bassiana (MIC=12.5-25 μM), Fusarium culmorum (MIC=0.4-0.8 μM), Fusarium oxysporum (MIC=0.4-0.8 μM), Neurospora crassa (MIC=0.4-0.8 μM), Nectria haematococca (MIC=0.2-0.4 μM), Tricoderma viridae (MIC=0.4-0.8 μM), Tricophvton mentagrophytes (MIC=0.8-1.6 μM);##Yeasts: Candida albicans (MIC=0.15-0.3 μM), Candida glabrata (MIC=12.5-25 μM), Candida tropicalis (MIC=3.15-6.25 μM), Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC=0.8-1.6 μM), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC=1.6-3.15 μM)."	[Ref.10942757] It exhibits 16% hemolysis at 1 μM and 100 μM against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	pyroglutamic acid	Amidation	"Disulfide bond between Cys2 and Cys15,Cys6 and Cys11."	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	10942757	J Biol Chem. 2000 Oct 27;275(43):33464-70.	"Silva PI Jr, Daffre S, Bulet P."	"Isolation and characterization of gomesin, an 18-residue cysteine-rich defense peptide from the spider Acanthoscurria gomesiana hemocytes with sequence similarities to horseshoe crab antimicrobial peptides of the tachyplesin family."
DRAMP03098	HRHQGPIFDTRPSPFNPNQPRPGPIY	26	"Metchnikowin (Pro-rich; Insects, animals)"	"Q24395, Q24396, Q86BV8, Q9V7B9"	Not found	Mtk	Drosophila melanogaster (Common fruit fly)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal"	Protein level	Rich in Proline	Not found	None	Transgenic plants: Insect peptide metchnikowin confers on barley a selective capacity for resistance to fungal ascomycetes pathogens (J Exp Bot. 2009;60(14):4105-14). 	"Micrococcus luteus (MIC=0.5-1.0 ?g/ml), Neurospora crassa (MIC=0.5-1.0 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	7588819	Eur J Biochem. 1995 Oct 15;233(2):694-700.	"Levashina E.A, Ohresser S, Bulet P, Reichhart JM, Hetru C, Hoffmann J.A."	"Metchnikowin, a novel immune-inducible proline-rich peptide from Drosophila with antibacterial and antifungal properties."
DRAMP03104	ATCDLLSGTGINHSACAAHCLLRGNRGGYCNGKAVCVCRN	40	"Sapecin (defensins; Insects, animals)"	P18313	Belongs to the invertebrate defensin family (Type 1 subfamily)	Not found	Sarcophaga peregrina (Flesh fly)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Combine helix and strand structure	Not found	1L4V resolved by NMR.	"Function: Sapecins, which are potent bactericidal proteins, are produced in response to injury. Sapecin is cytotoxic to Gram-positive bacteria, and to a lesser extent against Gram-negative bacteria.
Tissue specificity: Hemocytes and fat body. Induction: By injury to the larval cell wall.
PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds 3-30; 16-36; 20-38."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus FDA209P (MIC=5.0 ?g/ml), Staphylococcus smith (MIC=5.0 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus FDA16 (MIC=1.2 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus IF03333 (MIC=1.2 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus PC11001 (MIC=10.0 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis NRRI B-558 (MIC=39.0 ?g/ml), Bacillus subtilis PC1219 (MIC=20.0 ?g/ml), Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC607 (MIC=78.0 ?g/ml), Corynebacterium bouis 1810 (MIC=2.5 ?g/ml), Corynebacterium michiganense (MIC=2.5 ?g/ml).##Gram-negative bacteria: Xantbmonas oryzae (MIC=20.0 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas lachrymans (MIC=78.0 ?g/ml), Escherichia coli NIHJ (MIC>78.0 ?g/ml), Shigella sonnei JS11746 (MIC>78.0 ?g/ml), Proteus vulgaris O X19 (MIC>78.0 ?g/ml) "	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bonds between Cys3 and Cys30; Cys16 and Cys36; Cys20 and Cys38.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	3182836##3182836##2358424	J Biol Chem. 1988 Nov 15;263(32):17117-17121.##J Biol Chem. 1988 Nov 15;263(32):17112-17116.##J Biochem. 1990 Apr;107(4):514-518.	"Matsuyama K, Natori S.##Matsuyama K, Natori S.##Kuzuhara T, Nakajima Y, Matsuyama K, Natori S."	"Molecular cloning of cDNA for sapecin and unique expression of the sapecin gene during the development of Sarcophaga peregrina.##Purification of three antibacterial proteins from the culture medium of NIH-Sape-4, an embryonic cell line of Sarcophaga peregrina.##Determination of the disulfide array in sapecin, an antibacterial peptide of Sarcophaga peregrina (flesh fly)."
DRAMP03113	SQLGDLGSGAGQGGGGGGSIRAAGGAFGKLEAAREEEFFYKKQKEQLERLKNDQIHQAEFHHQQIKEHEEAIQRHKDFLNNLHK	84	"SK84 (Gly-rich; Insects, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Drosophila virilis (Fruit fly)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Antifungal, Antiviral"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: SK84 displays antibacterial activity against the tested Gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis and Staphylococcus aureus), but had no effect on Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) and fungi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans). Has weak hemolytic activity."	"[Ref.19799950]Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus thuringiensis ATCC 1041 (MIC=4 ?M), B. subtilis ATCC 9372 (MIC=8 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (MIC=8 ?M)."	[Ref.19799950]0.01% hemolytic activity at 100 μM against human red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	19799950	Peptides. 2010 Jan;31(1):44-50.	"Lu J, Chen ZW."	"Isolation, characterization and anti-cancer activity of SK84, a novel glycine-rich antimicrobial peptide from Drosophila virilis."
DRAMP03116	SLGGVISGAKKVAKVAIPIGKAVLPVVAKLVG	32	"Ceratotoxin-C (Insects, animals)"	Q17313	Not found	CTXC1 AND CTCX2	Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean Fruit fly)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Has hemolytic activity.Temperature dependence: Thermostable. Still active at 100 degrees Celsius.	"[Ref.9569644]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli 23739 (MIC=13.6 ?M), Escherichia coli LE 392 (MIC=5 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853 (MIC>50 ?M), P. vulgaris 6380 (MIC>50 ?M), S. typhymurium 23853 (MIC>5 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: E. cloacae 13047 (MIC>5 ?M), E. jaecalis 29212 (MIC>50 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus 25923 (MIC>50 ?M), B. cereus 9634 (MIC>5 ?M), Bacillus subtilis 6633 (MIC=5.9 ?M)."	[Swiss_Prot Entry Q17313]has hemolytic activity	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	9569644	Eur. J. Biochem. 1996; 241:330-337.	"Rosetto M, Manetti AGO, Giordano PC, Marri L, Amons R, Baldari CT, Marchini D, Dallai R."	"Molecular characterization of ceratotoxin C, a novel antibacterial female-specific peptide of the ceratotoxin family from the medfly Ceratitis capitata."
DRAMP03117	QSEAGWLKKIGKKIERVGQHTRDATIQGLGVAQQAPNVAATAR	43	"Drosophila cecropin-A1 (Insects, animals)"	O61272	Belongs to the cecropin family	CecA1	Drosophila simulans (Fruit fly)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Homology	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Cecropins have lytic and antibacterial activity against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
PTM: C-terminal amidation (By similarity)."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Alcaligenes faecalis (MIC=10-25 ?M), Escherichia coli 1106 (MIC=0.25-0.5 ?M), Escherichia coli D22 (MIC=0.1-0.25 ?M), Escherichia coli D31 (MIC=0.1-0.25 ?M), Escherichia coli SBS363 (MIC=0.1-0.25 ?M), Enterobacter cloacae β12 (MIC=0.5-1 ?M), Erwinia carotovora (MIC=0.5-1 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=1-2.5 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=1-2.5 ?M), Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=0.5-1 ?M), Xanthomonas campestris (MIC=0.5-1 ?M); ##Gram-positive bacteria: Aerococcus viridans (MIC=5-10 ?M), Bacillus megaterium (MIC=1-2.5 ?M), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=5-10 ?M).##Fungi: Botrytis cinerea (MIC=5-10 ?M), Fusarium culmorum (MIC=1-2.5 ?M), Fusarium oxysporum (MIC=1-2.5 ?M), Neurospora crassa (MIC=2.5-10 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	9553148##9725836	Immunogenetics. 1998 May;47(6):417-429.##Genetics. 1998 Sep;150(1):157-171.##Insect Mol Biol. 2000 Feb;9(1):75-84.	"Date A, Satta Y, Takahata N, Chigusa S.I.##Ramos-Onsins S, Aguade M.##Vizioli J, Bulet P, Charlet M, Lowenberger C, Blass C, Müller HM, Dimopoulos G, Hoffmann J, Kafatos FC, Richman A."	"Evolutionary history and mechanism of the Drosophila cecropin gene family.##Molecular evolution of the Cecropin multigene family in Drosophila: functional genes vs pseudogenes.##Cloning and analysis of a cecropin gene from the malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles gambiae."
DRAMP03137	ATCDLLSGFGVGDSACAAHCIARGNRGGYCNSKKVCVCRN	40	"Defensin-A (AaeDefA; Insects, animals)"	"P91793, O77250, P91794, P91795, P91796, Q17EE3, Q6ITZ2, Q963E9"	Belongs to the invertebrate defensin family (Type 1 subfamily)	DEFA	Aedes aegypti (Yellowfever mosquito)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+"	Protein level	Bridge	Not found	None	Function: Antibacterial peptide mostly active against Gram-positive bacteria. Has activity against the bacteria Gram-negative E. cloacae beta12.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Enterobacter cloacae beta12 (MIC=1.2-2.4 ?M), Aerococcus viridans (MIC=0.6-1.2 ?M), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=0.6-1.2 ?M), Bacillus rnegaterium (MIC=0.6-1.2 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Has three disulfide bonds	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	7633471##7568275	Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 1995 Jul;25(7):867-873.##Proc Biol Sci. 1995 Aug 22;261(1361):217-221.	"Lowenberger C, Bulet P, Charlet M, Hetru C, Hodgeman B, Christensen BM, Hoffmann JA.##Chalk R, Albuquerque CM, Ham PJ, Townson H."	"Insect immunity: isolation of three novel inducible antibacterial defensins from the vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti.##Full sequence and characterization of two insect defensins: immune peptides from the mosquito Aedes aegypti."
DRAMP03138	GGLKKLGKKLEGAGKRVFNAAEKALPVVAGAKAL	34	"Cecropin-A (Insects, animals)"	"P82592, Q17NR3, Q95PI9"	Belongs to the cecropin family	CECA	Aedes aegypti (Yellowfever mosquito)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli D22 (MIC=0.25-0.5 ?g/ml), E. coli D31 (MIC=0.25-0.5 ?g/ml), E. coli SBS363 (MIC=0.1-0.25 ?g/ml), E. coli 1106 (MIC=0.25-0.5 ?g/ml), Enterobacter cloacae b12 (MIC=50-100 ?g/ml), E. carotovora (MIC=0.25-0.5 ?g/ml), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=1-2.5 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=10-25 ?g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=1-2.5 ?g/ml), X. campestris (MIC=0.5-1 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacteria: Aerococcus viridans (MIC=2.5-5 ?g/ml), Bacillus megaterium (MIC=1-2.5 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=10-25 ?g/ml), Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC=10-25 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Fusarium culmorum (MIC=1-2.5 ?g/ml), Fusarium oxysporum (MIC=2.5-5 ?g/ml), Neurospora crassa (MIC=5-10 ?g/ml), Candida albicans (MIC=25-50 ?g/ml), Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC=25-50 ?g/ml), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC=50-100 ?g/ml) "	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	10400619	J Biol Chem. 1999 Jul 16;274(29):20092-20097.	"Lowenberger C, Charlet M, Vizioli J, Kamal S, Richman A, Christensen BM, Bulet P."	"Antimicrobial activity spectrum, cDNA cloning, and mRNA expression of a newly isolated member of the cecropin family from the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti."
DRAMP03140	GRLKKLGKKIEGAGKRVFKAAEKALPVVAGVKALG	35	"Anopheles cecropin-A amidated isoform (Insects, animals)"	"P82290, A7XAX5, A7XAX7, A7XAY1, A7XAY8, A7XAZ7, A7XB12, A7XB23, Q7QEE3"	Belongs to the cecropin family	CecA	Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Antibacterial activity against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Also has antifungal activity.
Tissue specificity: Relatively abundant in head, thorax and to a lesser extent in abdominal carcass and anterior midgut.
Developmental stage: In young pupae, expressed within 2 hours of infection and continued to accumulate over 16 hours.
Induction: By bacterial infection.
PTM: C-terminal amidation."	"Gram-negative bacteria: Alcaligenes faecalis (MIC=1-2.5 ?M), Escherichia coli 1106 (MIC=0.5-1 ?M), E. coli D22 (MIC=0.1-0.25 ?M), E. coli D31 (MIC=0.1-0.25 ?M), E. coli SBS363 (MIC=0.05-0.1 ?M), Enterobacter cloacae β12 (MIC=0.5-1 ?M), Erwinia carotovora (MIC=0.5-1 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=1-2.5 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=1-2.5 ?M), Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=0.1-0.25 ?M), Xanthomonas campestris (MIC=0.5-1 ?M); ##Gram-positive bacteria: Aerococcus viridans (MIC=0.5-1 ?M), Bacillus cereus (MIC=50-100 ?M), Bacillus megaterium (MIC=0.5-1 ?M), Listeria monocytogenes (MIC=50-100 ?M), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=0.5-1 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=50-100 ?M), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=10-25 ?M), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (MIC=1-2.5 ?M), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (MIC=1-2.5 ?M), Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC=0.1-0.25 ?M).##Fungi: Aspergillus fumigatus (MIC=5-10 ?M), Botrytis cinerea (MIC=1-2.5 ?M), Fusarium culmorum (MIC=0.5-1 ?M), Fusarium oxysporum (MIC=1-2.5 ?M), Neurospora crassa (MIC=1-2.5 ?M), Candida albicans (MIC=1-2.5 ?M), Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC=5-10 ?M), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC=25-50 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	10672074##12421409	Insect Mol Biol. 2000 Feb;9(1):75-84.##Insect Mol Biol. 2002 Dec;11(6):517-525.	"Vizioli J, Bulet P, Charlet M, Lowenberger C, Blass C, Müller HM, Dimopoulos G, Hoffmann J, Kafatos FC, Richman A.##Zheng XL, Zheng AL."	"Cloning and analysis of a cecropin gene from the malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles gambiae.##Genomic organization and regulation of three cecropin genes in Anopheles gambiae."
DRAMP03150	MVFAYAPTCARCKSIGARYCGYGYLNRKGVSCDGQTTINSCEDCKRKFGRCSDGFITECFL	61	"Gambicin (Insects, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Anopheles albimanus (mosquito)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal, Antiparasitic"	Not found	Bridge	Not found	None	"Function: In vitro experiments showed that the 6.8-kDa mature peptide can kill both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, has a morphogenic effect on a filamentous fungus, and is marginally lethal to Plasmodium berghei ookinetes.
Induction: Predominantly expressed in the anterior part.
PTM: Contains four disulfide bridges."	Gram-negative bacterium: E. coli (MIC=6.25-12.5 ?M);##Gram-positive bacterium: M. luteus (MIC=25-50 ?M).##Fungus: N. crassa.	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	"Disulfide bonds between Cys9 and Cys20; Cys12 and Cys32; Cys41 and Cys51,Cys44 and Cys59."	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	11606751	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Oct 23;98(22):12630-5.	"Vizioli J, Bulet P, Hoffmann JA, Kafatos FC, Müller HM, Dimopoulos G."	Gambicin: a novel immune responsive antimicrobial peptide from the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae.
DRAMP03153	GIGGKPVQTAFVDNDGIYD	19	27 kDa antibacterial protein	P81925	Not found	Not found	Cyprinus carpio (common carp)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial activity. Forms large ion channels responsible for disrupting the cellular envelope of bacteria leading to cell lysis.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=5 ?g/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=0. 5 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=5 ?g/ml), Pseudomonas fluorescens (MIC=10 ?g/ml), Aeromonas hydrophila (MIC=5 ?g/ml)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane	8797847	Eur J Biochem. 1996 Aug 15;240(1):143-149.	"Lema??tre C, Orange N, Saglio P, Saint N, Gagnon J, Molle G."	Characterization and ion channel activities of novel antibacterial proteins from the skin mucosa of carp (Cyprinus carpio).
DRAMP03162	ATCDLLSAFGVGHAACAAHCIGHGYRGGYCNSKAVCTCRR	40	"Phlebotomus duboscqi defensin (PduDef; defensins; Insects, animals)"	P83404	Belongs to the invertebrate defensin family (Type 1 subfamily)	Not found	Phlebotomus duboscqi	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Antifungal, Antiparasitic"	Protein level	Bridge	Not found	None	"Function: Has antiparasitic and antifungal activity.
Tissue specificity: Is synthesized by the fat body and eventually secreted into the hemolymph.
Induction: By bacterial and parasitic hemolymph and gut infections. Expression peaks at 24 hours post infection by bacterium P. carotovorum, and at day four post infection by the parasite L. major. 
PTM: Problely contains three disulfide bonds 3-30; 16-36; 20-36."	"Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=0.78-1.56 ?M), Aspergillus fumigatus (MIC=12.5-25 ?M).##Fungi: Fusarium culmorum (MIC=1.56-3.12 ?M), Fusarium oxysporum (MIC=3.12-6.25 ?M), Neurospora crassa (MIC=6.25-12.5 ?M), Trichoderma viride (MIC=3.12-6.25 ?M), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (MIC=25-50 ?M), Candida albicans (MIC=6.25-12.5 ?M), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC=25-50 ?M).##Parasite: Leishmania major promastigote forms (IC50=68-85 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bonds between Cys3 and Cys30; Cys16 and Cys36; Cys20 and Cys36.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	15557638	Infect Immun. 2004 Dec;72(12):7140-7146.	"Boulanger N, Lowenberger C, Volf P, Ursic R, Sigutova L, Sabatier L, Svobodova M, Beverley SM, Sp?th G, Brun R, Pesson B, Bulet P."	Characterization of a defensin from the sand fly Phlebotomus duboscqi induced by challenge with bacteria or the protozoan parasite Leishmania major.
DRAMP03166	IRNSLTCRFNFGICLPKRCPGRMRQIGTCF	30	"P15 (deer beta-defensin; ruminant, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Cervus elaphus (New Zealand deer)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: It shows strong activity against Gram-negative bacteria, but lesser activity against Gram-positive bacteria and yeast.
Caution: the sequence displayed is N-terminal sequence of P15. "	Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli O111 (MIC=0.3 ?g/mL);##Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 4163 (MIC=1 ?g/mL).##Fungi: Candida albicans 3135A (MIC=3 ?g/mL).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	16011891	Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2005 Aug;26(2):165-169.	"Treffers C, Chen L, Anderson RC, Yu PL."	Isolation and characterisation of antimicrobial peptides from deer neutrophils.
DRAMP03169	RARAPHKAWYNCMTDAGISGAIAGAVAGCAATIEIGCVEGAIAGIGPSGIASMIAALWTCRSKY	64	Protease-activated antimicrobial peptide	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Propionibacterium jensenii	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"Propionibacterium acidipropionici ATCC 4965 (MIC=3.6 nM), P. acidipropionici ATCC 4875 (MIC=7.2 nM), P. acidipropionici (MIC=3.6 nM), P. freudenreichii subsp. freudenreichii ATCC 6207T (MIC=7.2 nM), P. freudenreichii INF-P203 (MIC=116 nM), P. freudenreichii INF-P205 (MIC=58 nM), P. jensenii LMG 2820 (MIC=116 nM), P. jensenii LMG 3032 (MIC=116 nM), P. thoenii INF-P410 (MIC=116 nM), P. thoenii INF-P414 (MIC=0.9 nM), Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis ATCC 4797 (MIC=0.5 nM), L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis DSM 20072T (MIC=0.2 nM), L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus DSM 20081T (MIC=7.2 nM), L. helveticus DSM 20075T (MIC=0.9 nM), Lactobacillus plantarum LMG 2003 (MIC=116 nM), L. sakei NCDO 2714 (MIC=0.9 nM)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	12057960	J Bacteriol. 2002 Jul;184(13):3649-3656.	"Faye T, Brede DA, Langsrud T, Nes IF, Holo H."	An antimicrobial peptide is produced by extracellular processing of a protein from Propionibacterium jensenii.
DRAMP03173	RWCVYAYVRVRGVLVRYRRCW	21	"Arenicin-1 (Ar-1; marine polychaeta, animals)"	"Q5SC60, P84105"	Not found	Not found	Arenicola marina (Lugworm) (Lumbricus marinus)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal, Cytotoxic"	Protein level	Beta strand (2 strands; 16 residues)	"Arenicin-1 is a two-stranded antiparallel β-sheet (Cys3-Val10 and Val13-Cys20) stabilized by nine intra-backbone hydrogen bonds and a disulfide bond between Cys3 and Cys20. The strands of the β-sheet are connected by a type I? β-turn. The surface of arenicin is amphiphilic, with distinct hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas (ref.2)."	2JSB resolved by NMR.	"Function: Has antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteriua as well as yeast C. albicans. Bacterial killing occurs within minutes and is accompanied by membrane permeabilization, membrane detachment and release of cytoplasm. Interaction of arenicin with reconstituted membranes that mimic the lipopolysaccharide-containing outer membrane or the phospholipid-containing plasma membrane of Gram-negative bacteria exhibited no pronounced lipid specificity.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 3-20.
Domian: Contains 1 BRICHOS domain."	"Gram-positive bacterium: Listeria monocytogenes EGD (MIC=0.6 ?g/ml);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ML-35p (MIC=4 ?g/ml), E. coli WBB01 (MIC=0.3 mM), E. coli ATCC 23716 (MIC=0.6 mM), Salmonella enterica R595 (MIC=0.3 mM), S. enterica R60 (MIC=1.25 mM), Proteus mirabilis R45 (MIC=0.6 mM).##Yeast: Candida albicans 820 (MIC=20 ?g/ml).##Human Jurkat T-cells: LD50>40 mM (35.5% lysis at 30 mM)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys3 and Cys20.	L	"[Ref.27940358] Cytotoxicity: human embryonic fibroblasts (HEF) and human red blood cells (hRBC)(IC50 for arenicin-1 in the presence or absence of 10% FBS were of 35 and 8 μM,HC50 indicating 50% hemolysis after 24 h incubation, equaled to 16μM)."	Anionic lipid vesicles	15527787##17935487	FEBS Lett. 2004 Nov 5;577(1-2):209-214.##Biochem J. 2008 Feb 15;410(1):113-122.	"Ovchinnikova TV, Aleshina GM, Balandin SV, Krasnosdembskaya AD, Markelov ML, Frolova EI, Leonova YF, Tagaev AA, Krasnodembsky EG, Kokryakov VN.##Andr? J, Jakovkin I, Gr?tzinger J, Hecht O, Krasnosdembskaya AD, Goldmann T, Gutsmann T, Leippe M."	"Purification and primary structure of two isoforms of arenicin, a novel antimicrobial peptide from marine polychaeta Arenicola marina.##Structure and mode of action of the antimicrobial peptide arenicin."
DRAMP03176	SWLSKTAKKLENSAKKRISEGIAIAIQGGPR	31	"Cecropin-P1 (CP1; nematodes, animals)"	"P14661, Q5H7N7"	Belongs to the cecropin family	ASCEC-1	Ascaris suum (Pig roundworm) (Ascaris lumbricoides)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix 	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Is weakly active against yeasts. Acts by a nonpore mechanism.
Induction: By bacterial infection."	"P1-NH2 (amidated cecropin P1): [E. coli K-12/ D21 (MIC=0.3 ?M), E. coli 853/67/0149/K88 (MIC=0.9 ?M), E. coli Bd2221/75/08/K88 (MIC=0.6 ?M), E. coli Bd4462/84/0101/K99 (MIC=0.7 ?M), E. coli Bd4466/84/064/K99 (MIC=0.3 ?M), Salmonella typhimurium LT2 (MIC=0.9 ?M), A. calcoaceticus Ac1l (MIC=0.2 ?M), Proteus vulgaris Pvll (MIC=5.7 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa OT97 (MIC=5.9 ?M), Bacillus megaterium Bmll (MIC=1.8 ?M), Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC=19 ?M)].##P1-OH (non-amidated cecropin P1): [E. coli K-12/ D21 (MIC=0.4 ?M), E. coli 853/67/0149/K88 (MIC=0.6 ?M), E. coli Bd2221/75/08/K88 (MIC=0.7 ?M), E. coli Bd4462/84/0101/K99 (MIC=0.8 ?M), E. coli Bd4466/84/064/K99 (MIC=0.6 ?M), Salmonella typhimurium LT2 (MIC=1.7 ?M), A. calcoaceticus Ac1l (MIC=0.5 ?M), Proteus vulgaris Pvll (MIC=12 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa OT97 (MIC=13 ?M), Bacillus megaterium Bmll (MIC=5.3 ?M), Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC=44 ?M)]."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	15850460##1396696	Biochem J. 2005 Aug 15;390(Pt 1):207-214.##Eur J Biochem. 1992 Oct 1;209(1):163-169.	"llai A, Ueno S, Zhang H, Lee JM, Kato Y.##Sipos D, Andersson M, Ehrenberg A."	"Cecropin P1 and novel nematode cecropins: a bacteria-inducible antimicrobial peptide family in the nematode Ascaris suum.##The structure of the mammalian antibacterial peptide cecropin P1 in solution, determined by proton-NMR."
DRAMP03181	HVDKKVADKVLLLKQLRIMRLLTRL	25	"Spinigerin (Insects, animals)"	P82357	Not found	Not found	Pseudacanthotermes spiniger (Termite)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix 	Not found	"1ZRW, 1ZRV resolved by NMR."	Function: Active against Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi.	"Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus megaterium (MIC=0.8-1.5 ?M), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=0.8-1.5 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli SBS363 (MIC=3-6 ?M), E. coli D22 (MIC=3-6 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=50-100 ?M), Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=3-6 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=50-100 ?M).##Fungi: Trichoderma viride (MIC=1.5-3 ?M), Neurospora crassa (MIC=3-6 ?M), Fusarium culmorum (MIC=1.5-3 ?M), Nectria haematococca (MIC=0.4-0.8 ?M), Candida albicans (MIC=3-6 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	11053427##16170803	J Biol Chem. 2001 Feb 9;276(6):4085-4092.##Biopolymers. 2006 Feb 5;81(2):92-103. 	"Lamberty M, Zachary D, Lanot R, Bordereau C, Robert A, Hoffmann JA, Bulet P.##Landon C, Meudal H, Boulanger N, Bulet P, Vovelle F."	"Insect immunity. Constitutive expression of a cysteine-rich antifungal and a linear antibacterial peptide in a termite insect.##Solution structures of stomoxyn and spinigerin, two insect antimicrobial peptides with an alpha-helical conformation."
DRAMP03186	SFGLCRLRRGFCARGRCRFPSIPIGRCSRFVQCCRRVW	38	"Spheniscin-2 (Sphe-2; penguin avian beta-defensin 103b; birds ,animals)"	P83430	Belongs to the beta-defensin family	Not found	Aptenodytes patagonicus (King penguin)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Beta strand (3 strands; 14 residues)	"The overall fold of Sphe-2 includes a three-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet stabilized by three disulfide bridges with a pairing typical of beta-defensins. In addition, the N-terminal segment shows helical features on most structures.(Ref.2)"	1UT3 resolved by NMR.	"Function: Has antimicrobial activity. Has insecticidal and hemolytic activities. Probably acts by disturbing membrane Function: with its amphipathic structure.
PTM: Contains three disulfide bond: 5-33; 12-27; 17-34.
Preserving food in the bird somach for several weeks during egg incubation. The disulfide bond pattern is identical to canonical beta-defensins from mammals. The high potency is related to its high cationicity as well as a hydrophobic patch, which is not observed in mammalian defensins. "	"[Ref.14525994]Gram-positive bacteria: Micrococcus luteus (MIC=1.5-3.0 ?M), Bacillus subtilis (MIC=0.8-1.5 ?M), Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 (MIC=3-6 ?M), Bacillus megaterium (MIC=0.4-0.8 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=1.5-3.0 ?M), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (MIC=1.5-3.0 ?M), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (MIC=1.5-3.0 ?M), Nocardia asteroides (MIC=0.8-1.5 ?M), Aerococcus viridans (MIC=0.4-0.8 ?M), Listeria monocytogenes (MIC=6-12 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli SBS 363 (MIC=0.8-1.5 ?M), Escherichia coli 1106 (MIC=1.5-3.0 ?M), Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=6-12 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=50-100 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 82118 (MIC=6-12 ?M), Vibrio metschnikovii NCTC 8483 (MIC=25-50 ?M), Vibrio anguillarum ATCC 19264 (MIC=25-50 ?M);##Fungi: Candida glabrata (MIC>100 ?M), Candida albicans IHEM 8060 (MIC=50-100 ?M), Candida tropicalis (MIC=1.5-3.0 ?M), Neurospora crassa (MIC=3-6 ?M),Aspergillus fumigatus (MIC=3-6 ?M)."	It has hemolytic activity	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bonds between Cys5 and Cys33; Cys12 and Cys27; Cys17 and Cys34.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	14525994##15123713	J Biol Chem. 2003 Dec 19;278(51):51053-51058.##J Biol Chem. 2004 Jul 16;279(29):30433-30439.	"Thouzeau C, Le Maho Y, Froget G, Sabatier L, Le Bohec C, Hoffmann JA, Bulet P.##Landon C, Thouzeau C, Labbé H, Bulet P, Vovelle F."	"Spheniscins, avian beta-defensins in preserved stomach contents of the king penguin, Aptenodytes patagonicus.##Solution structure of spheniscin, a beta-defensin from the penguin stomach."
DRAMP03187	QRYFCRVRGGRCAALTCLPRETQIGRCSVKGRKCCR	36	"Beta defensin 1(BD-1; mammals, animals)"	P83943	Belongs to the beta-defensin family	DEFB1	Chinchilla lanigera (Long-tailed chinchilla) 	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial and antifungal activity. May have a role in maintaining sterility in the middle ear.	Gram-negative bacterium: Moraxella catarrhalis (MIC=5 ?g/ml);##Gram-positive bacterium: Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC=5 ?g/ml).##Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=12.5-20 ?g/ml).	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	14996845	J Biol Chem. 2004 May 7;279(19):20250-20256.	"Harris RH, Wilk D, Bevins CL, Munson RS Jr, Bakaletz LO."	Identification and characterization of a mucosal antimicrobial peptide expressed by the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) airway.
DRAMP03190	RLGNFFRKAKKKIGRGLKKIGQKIKDFLGNLVPRTES	37	"PobRL-37 (cathelicidin; primates, mammals, animals)"	No entry found	Not found	Not found	Cercopithecidae	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal"	Not found	Not found	Not found	None	Function: Has antibacterial activity.	"In 20% TSB in SPB medium: Escherichia coli (MIC=0.5 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=0.5-1 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=2 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC=2-4 ?M).##In 20% SAB in SPB: Candida albicans (MIC=8-16 ?M). In 5% TSB in SPB: Escherichia coli (MIC=0.5 ?M). In 5% SAB in SPB: Candida albicans (MIC=4-8 ?M).##In 20% TSB in PIL: Escherichia coli (MIC=1 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=1-2 ?M); Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=0.5 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC=1-2 ?M).##In 20% SAB in PIL: Candida albicans (MIC=16 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	16720578	J Biol Chem. 2006 Jul 21;281(29):19861-19871.	"Zelezetsky I, Pontillo A, Puzzi L, Antcheva N, Segat L, Pacor S, Crovella S, Tossi A."	Evolution of the primate cathelicidin. Correlation between structural variations and antimicrobial activity.
DRAMP03196	RCVCRRGVCRCVCTRGFC	18	"PhTD-1 (PhTD1; primates, mammals, animals)"	"P86722, P86723"	Not found	Not found	Papio hamadryas (Hamadryas baboon)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"In low salt conditions: Escherichia coli ML35p (MIC=1.5 ?M), Listeria monocytogenes EGD (MIC=1.6 ?M) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 (MIC=2.5 ?M),.##Fungi: Candida albicans 820 (MIC=1.6 ?M);##At high physiological salt concentrations: Escherichia coli ML35p (MIC=2.0 ?M), Listeria monocytogenes EGD (MIC=1.7 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 (MIC=3.6 ?M), Candida albicans 820 (MIC=6.5 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	No specific N-terminal	No specific C-terminal	Disulfide bonds between Cys2 and Cys11; Cys4 and Cys9; Cys13 and Cys18.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	20155756	Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2010 Mar 15;24(5):599-604.	"Stegemann C, Tsvetkova EV, Aleshina GM, Lehrer RI, Kokryakov VN, Hoffmann R."	De novo sequencing of two new cyclic theta-defensins from baboon (Papio hamadryas) leukocytes by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.
DRAMP03197	RCVCTRGFCRCVCTRGFC	18	"PhTD-3 (PhTD3; primates, mammals, animals)"	"P86722, P86723"	Not found	Not found	Papio hamadryas (Hamadryas baboon)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	Comment: No comments found on DRAMP database	"In low salt conditions: Escherichia coli ML35p (MIC=1.7 ?M), Listeria monocytogenes EGD (MIC=1.5 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 (MIC=1.7 ?M), Candida albicans 820 (MIC=1.4 ?M);##At high physiological salt concentrations: Escherichia coli ML35p (MIC=2.2 ?M), Listeria monocytogenes EGD (MIC=1.9 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 (MIC=4.5 ?M), Candida albicans 820 (MIC=7.4 ?M). "	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Cyclic	No specific N-terminal	No specific C-terminal	Disulfide bonds between Cys2 and Cys11; Cys4 and Cys9; Cys13 and Cys18.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Not found	20155756	Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2010 Mar 15;24(5):599-604.	"Stegemann C, Tsvetkova EV, Aleshina GM, Lehrer RI, Kokryakov VN, Hoffmann R."	De novo sequencing of two new cyclic theta-defensins from baboon (Papio hamadryas) leukocytes by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.
DRAMP03198	ACYCRIPACFAGERRYGTCFYLGRVWAFCC	30	"Alpha-defensin PhD-4 (primates, mammals, animals)"	P86724	Belongs to the alpha-defensin family	Not found	Papio hamadryas (Hamadryas baboon)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antibacterial activity in low salt conditions, and the antimicrobial activity decreases significantly at high physiological salt concentrations.
PTM: Contains three disulfide bonds (By similarity)."	"In low salt conditions: Gram-negative bacterium: E. coli ML35p (MIC=2.4 ?M),;##Gram-positive bacteria: Listeria monocytogenes EGD (MIC=2.2 ?M), methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC 33591 (MIC=3.5 ?M).##Fungi: Candida albicans 820 (MIC=3.9 ?M).##At high physiological salt concentrations: E. coli ML35p (MIC=7.1 ?M), L. monocytogenes EGD (MIC=1.8 ?M), S. aureus ATCC 33591 (MIC>50 ?M), Candida albicans 820 (MIC>50 ?M)."	No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	20155756	Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2010 Mar 15;24(5):599-604.	"Stegemann C, Tsvetkova EV, Aleshina GM, Lehrer RI, Kokryakov VN, Hoffmann R."	De novo sequencing of two new cyclic theta-defensins from baboon (Papio hamadryas) leukocytes by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.
DRAMP03215	ZCRRLCYKQRCVTYCRGR	18	"Gomesin (Gm; spiders, Arthropods, animals)"	"P82358, Q86RA2"	Not found	Not found	Acanthoscurria gomesiana (Tarantula spider)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal, Antitumor"	Protein level	Beta strand	"Gm adopts a well-defined β-hairpin-like struc ture, and the disulfide bonds have been reported to be important for the maintenance of this structure."	1KFP resolved by NMR.	"[Ref.10942757]Function: Gomesin bound to the cell surface of cryptococci neoformans, which resulted in cell death associated with membrane permeabilization (FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2007 Sep;274(2):279-86). Also, this peptide triggers SH-SY5Y cell death through L-type channel calcium influx, MAPK/ERK, PKC and PI3K signaling and generation of reactive oxygen species (Soletti RC et al 2010 Chem Biol Interact 186: 135-43). Although represented by E, the N-terminal residue is a pyroglutamate. In hemocytes only, but not in all hemocytes observed.##[Ref.28741926]Function: Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria, Antifungal activity agaist Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans"	"[Ref.10942757]Gram-positive bacteria: Aerococcus viridans (MIC=0.8-1.6 ?M), Bacillus cereus (MIC=6.25-12.5 ?M), Bacillus megaterium (MIC=0.2-0.4 ?M), Bacillus thuringiensis (MIC=1.6-3.15 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC=6.2-12.5 ?M), Listeria monocytogenes (MIC=0.8-1.6 ?M), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=0.4-0.8 ?M), Pediococcus acidolacrici (MIC=3.15-6.25 ?M), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=1.6-3.15 ?M), S. epidermidis (MIC=0.8-1.6 ?M), S. haemolyticus (MIC=0.8-1.6 ?M), S. saprophyticus (MIC=0.8-1.6 ?M), Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC=1.6-3.15 ?M), Nocardia asteroides (MIC=1.6-3.15 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Alcaligenes faecalis (MIC>100 ?M), Escherichia coli 1106 (MIC=0.8-1.6 ?M), E. coli D22 (MIC=0.4-0.8 ?M), E. coli D31 (MIC=0.8-1.6 ?M), E. coli SBS363 (MIC=0.4-0.8 ?M), Erwinia carolovora carolovora (MIC=3.15-6.25 ?M), Enterobacter cloacae beta 12 (MIC=3.15-6.25 ?M), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=3.15-6.25 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=1.6-3.15 ?M), Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=0.8-1.6 ?M), Xhantomonas campestris pv. orizae (MIC=3.15-6.25 ?M).##Fungi: Alternaria brassicola (MIC=0.4-0.8 ?M), Aspergillus fumigatus (MIC=1.6-3.15 ?M), Beauveria bassiana (MIC=12.5-25 ?M), Fusarium culmorum (MIC=0.4-0.8 ?M), F. oxysporum (MIC=0.4-0.8 ?M), Neurospora crassa (MIC=0.4-0.8 ?M), Nectria haematococca (MIC=0.2-0.4 ?M), Tricoderma viridae (MIC=0.4-0.8 ?M), Tricophvton mentagrophytes (MIC=0.8-1.6 ?M), C. albicans (MIC=0.15-0.3 ?M), C. glabrata (MIC=12.5-25 ?M), C. tropicalis (MIC=3.15-6.25 ?M), C. neoformans (MIC=0.8-1.6 ?M), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC=1.6-3.15 ?M).##[Ref.28741926]Gram-positive bacteria : Staphylococcuss aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=32 μM);##Gram-negative bacteria : Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=4 μM), Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 (MIC=32 μM), Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 (MIC=4-8 μM), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=8 μM), Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43504 (MIC>80 μM);##Fungi : Candida albicans ATCC 90028 (MIC=8-16 μM), Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 208821 (MIC=0.5-1 μM)"	"[Ref.28741926] It has 0% hemolysis at 6 μM , 3% hemolysis at 10 μM , 10% hemolysis at 5 μM , 41.2-53.2% hemolysis at 64 μM , 50% hemolysis at 100 μM against human red blood cells"	Cyclic	pyroglutamic acid	Amidation 	"Disulfide bond between Cys2 and Cys15,Cys6 and Cys11."	L	"[Ref.28741926] CC50 = 67.0 ± 5.0 μM against CRL-1739, CC50 = 3.7 ± 0.2 μM against MM96L, CC50 = 49.9 ±16.6μM against HFF-1, CC50 =54.1±5.0 μM against HeLa, CC50 = 3.8 ± 0.3 μM against K-562."	Not found	10942757##28741926	J Biol Chem. 2000 Oct 27;275(43):33464-33470.##ACS Chem Biol.?2017 Sep 15;12(9):2324-2334. doi: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00459.?	"Silva PI Jr, Daffre S, Bulet P.##Sonia Troeira Henriques, Nicole Lawrence, Stephanie Chaousis, Anjaneya S. Ravipati, Olivier Cheneval,Aurelie H. Benfield, Alysha G. Elliott, Angela Maria Kavanagh, Matthew A. Cooper, Lai Yue Chan,Yen-Hua Huang, and David J. Craik"	"Isolation and characterization of gomesin, an 18-residue cysteine-rich defense peptide from the spider Acanthoscurria gomesiana hemocytes with sequence similarities to horseshoe crab antimicrobial peptides of the tachyplesin family.##Redesigned Spider Peptide with Improved Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties"
DRAMP03216	GIRCPKSWKCKAFKQRVLKRLLAMLRQHAF	30	"Oxyopinin-4a (Oxt-4a; spiders, Arthropods, animals)"	"F8J4S0, P86350"	Not found	Not found	Oxyopes takobius (Lynx spider) (Oxyopes foliiformis)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	2L3I resolved by NMR.	"Function: Disrupts cell membranes through the formation of pores Probable. Has antibacterial activity. Has hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom gland.
PTM: Contains one disulfide bond 4-10."	[Ref.21933345]Gram-positive bacteria: S. aureus (MIC=10 ?M) and Bacillus subtilis (MIC=0.5 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: P. fluorescens (MIC=1 ?M) and E. coli (MIC=0.5 ?M).	[Ref.21933345] EC50=7 μM against human erythrocytes	Cyclic	Free	Free	Disulfide bond between Cys4 and Cys10.	L	No cytotoxicity information found	Cell membrane (Probable)	21933345	FEBS J. 2011 Nov;278(22):4382-4393.	"Dubovskii PV, Vassilevski AA, Samsonova OV, Egorova NS, Kozlov SA, Feofanov AV, Arseniev AS, Grishin EV."	Novel lynx spider toxin shares common molecular architecture with defense peptides from frog skin.
DRAMP03217	FRGLAKLLKIGLKSFARVLKKVLPKAAKAGKALAKSMADENAIRQQNQ	48	"M-oxotoxin-Ot1a (Oxyopinin-1, Oxki1; spiders, Arthropods, animals)"	P83247	Not found	Not found	Oxyopes takobius (Lynx spider) (Oxyopes foliiformis)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Insecticidal"	Protein level	Alpha helix 	Not found	None	"Function: Disrupts cell membranes, particularly those rich in phosphocholine, through formation of pores. Has antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacterium E. coli, Gram-positive bacteria B. subtilis and S. aureus, and hemolytic activity against sheep erythrocytes. Has insecticidal activity against S. frugiperda ovarian cells by opening non-selective ion channels. Enhances the insecticidal activity of spider venom neurotoxic peptides."	"[Ref.11976325]Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (MIC=1.6 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=6.2 ?M)."	[Ref.11976325]100% hemolytic activity at 50 ?M against sheep red blood cells	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Cell membrane	11976325##15328050	J Biol Chem. 2002 Jun 28;277(26):23627-23637.##Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004 Aug 30;1664(2):182-188.	"Corzo G, Villegas E, Gómez-Lagunas F, Possani LD, Belokoneva OS, Nakajima T.##Belokoneva OS, Satake H, Mal'tseva EL, Pal'mina NP, Villegas E, Nakajima T, Corzo G."	"Oxyopinins, large amphipathic peptides isolated from the venom of the wolf spider Oxyopes kitabensis with cytolytic properties and positive insecticidal cooperativity with spider neurotoxins.##Pore formation of phospholipid membranes by the action of two hemolytic arachnid peptides of different size."
DRAMP03222	GFGALFKFLAKKVAKTVAKQAAKQGAKYVVNKQME	35	"M-ctenitoxin-Cs1a (M-CNTX-Cs1a; Cupiennin-1a; spiders, Arthropods, animals)"	P83619	Belongs to the cupiennin family	Not found	Cupiennius salei (Wandering spider)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Insecticidal"	Protein level	Alpha helix (3 helices; 11 residues)	"The peptide adopts a helix-hinge-helix structure in a membrane mimicking solvent. The hinge may play a role in allowing the amphipathic N-terminal helix and polar C-terminal helix to orient independently upon membrane binding, in order to achieve maximal antibacterial efficacy.(Ref.2)"	2K38 resolved by NMR.	"Function: Has antimicrobial activity. Has insecticidal and hemolytic activities. Probably acts by disturbing membrane Function: with its amphipathic structure. Synergistically increases the insecticidal activity of CSTX-1, CSTX-9, and CSTX-13 by up to 65%. Also inhibits the formation of nitric oxide by neuronal nitric oxide synthase. LD50 is 5.9 pmol/mg on Drosophila. "	"[Ref.11792701]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=0.31-0.63 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=0.31-0.63 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (MIC=0.31-0.63 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (MIC=2.50-5.00 ?M)."	[Ref.11792701]EC50=24.4 μM against human red blood cells.	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	calcium calmodulin	11792701##17319697	J Biol Chem. 2002 Mar 29;277(13):11208-11216.##Biochemistry. 2007 Mar 20;46(11):3576-3585.	"Kuhn-Nentwig L, Muller J, Schaller J, Walz A, Dathe M, Nentwig W.##Pukala TL, Boland MP, Gehman JD, Kuhn-Nentwig L, Separovic F, Bowie JH."	"Cupiennin 1, a new family of highly basic antimicrobial peptides in the venom of the spider Cupiennius salei (Ctenidae).##Solution structure and interaction of cupiennin 1a, a spider venom peptide, with phospholipid bilayers."
DRAMP03225	GFGSLFKFLAKKVAKTVAKQAAKQGAKYVANKHME	35	"M-ctenitoxin-Cs1d (M-CNTX-Cs1d; Cupiennin-1d; spiders, Arthropods, animals)"	P83622	Belongs to the cupiennin family	Not found	Cupiennius salei (Wandering spider)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-"	Protein level	Not found	Not found	None	"Function: Has antimicrobial activity. Has insecticidal activity. Probably acts by disturbing membrane Function: with its amphipathic structure.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom gland.
Toxic dose: LD50 is 6.4 pmol/mg on Drosophila."	"[Ref.11792701]Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=0.08-0.16 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC=0.16-0.31 ?M);##Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (MIC=0.63-1.25 ?M), Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (MIC=1.25-2.50 ?M)."	[Ref.11792701]Not determined	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	11792701##10669026	J Biol Chem. 2002 Mar 29;277(13):11208-11216.##Toxicon. 2000 Mar;38(3):373-380.	"Kuhn-Nentwig L, Muller J, Schaller J, Walz A, Dathe M, Nentwig W.##Haeberli S, Kuhn-Nentwig L, Schaller J, Nentwig W."	"Cupiennin 1, a new family of highly basic antimicrobial peptides in the venom of the spider Cupiennius salei (Ctenidae).##Characterisation of antibacterial activity of peptides isolated from the venom of the spider Cupiennius salei (Araneae: Ctenidae)."
DRAMP03226	SMWSGMWRRKLKKLRNALKKKLKGE	25	"M-zodatoxin-Lt1a (M-ZDTX-Lt1a; Latarcin-1, Ltc-1, Ltc1; spiders, Arthropods, animals)"	Q1ELT9	Belongs to the latarcin family	Not found	Lachesana tarabaevi (Spider)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix (1 helices; 16 residues)	The Ltc1 molecule is found to form a straight uninterrupted amphiphilic helix comprising 8-23 residues. The hydrophobic surface of the Ltc1 helix is narrow-shaped and extends with no gradient along the axis. (Ref.2)	2PCO resolved by NMR.	"Function: Has hemolytic activity against Rabbit erythrocytes. Causes paralysis, but is not lethal when injected into insect (Musca domestica) larvae."	"[Ref.16735513]Gram-positive bacteria: Arthrobacter globiformis VKM Ac-1112 (MIC=0.5 ?M), Bacillus subtilis VKM B-501 (MIC=1.0 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli DH5-alpha (MIC=1.0 ?M), Escherichia coli MH1 (MIC=0.7?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (MIC=4.1 ?M);##Fungi: Pichia pastoris GS115 (MIC=17 ?M), Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y190 (MIC>33 ?M)."	[Ref.16735513]20% hemolytic activity at 80 μM against rabbit erythrocytes 	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	16735513##18293934	J Biol Chem. 2006 Jul 28;281(30):20983-20992.##Biochemistry. 2008 Mar 18;47(11):3525-3533.	"Kozlov SA, Vassilevski AA, Feofanov AV, Surovoy AY, Karpunin DV, Grishin EV.##Dubovskii PV, Volynsky PE, Polyansky AA, Karpunin DV, Chupin VV, Efremov RG, Arseniev AS."	"Latarcins, antimicrobial and cytolytic peptides from the venom of the spider Lachesana tarabaevi (Zodariidae) that exemplify biomolecular diversity.##Three-dimensional structure/hydrophobicity of latarcins specifies their mode of membrane activity."
DRAMP03227	GLFGKLIKKFGRKAISYAVKKARGKH	26	"M-zodatoxin-Lt2a (M-ZDTX-Lt2a; Latarcin-2a, Ltc-2a, Ltc2a; spiders, Arthropods, animals)"	Q1ELU1	Belongs to the latarcin family	Not found	Lachesana tarabaevi (Spider)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix (2 helices; 18 residues)	The molecule of Ltc2a is found to consist of two helical regions (residues 3-9 and 13-21) connected via a poorly ordered fragment.	2G9P resolved by NMR.	"Function: Has hemolytic activity against Rabbit erythrocytes and has toxicity to ovarian insect Sf9 cells (EC50=20 ?M). Causes paralysis, but is not lethal when injected into insect (Musca domestica) larvae. "	"[Ref.16735513]Gram-positive bacteria: Arthrobacter globiformis VKM Ac-1112 (MIC=0.7 ?M), Bacillus subtilis VKM B-501 (MIC=0.4 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli DH5-alpha (MIC=1.0 ?M), Escherichia coli MH1 (MIC=0.7 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (MIC=6.7 ?M);##Fungi: Pichia pastoris GS115 (MIC=6.7 ?M), Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y190 (MIC=54 ?M)."	[Ref.16735513]20% hemolytic activity at 6 μM against rabbit erythrocytes 	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	16735513##16939228	J Biol Chem. 2006 Jul 28;281(30):20983-20992.##Biochemistry. 2006 Sep 5;45(35):10759-10767.	"Kozlov SA, Vassilevski AA, Feofanov AV, Surovoy AY, Karpunin DV, Grishin EV.##Dubovskii PV, Volynsky PE, Polyansky AA, Chupin VV, Efremov RG, Arseniev AS."	"Latarcins, antimicrobial and cytolytic peptides from the venom of the spider Lachesana tarabaevi (Zodariidae) that exemplify biomolecular diversity.##Spatial structure and activity mechanism of a novel spider antimicrobial peptide."
DRAMP03229	SWKSMAKKLKEYMEKLKQRA	20	"M-zodatoxin-Lt3a (M-ZDTX-Lt3a; Latarcin-3a, Ltc-3a; spiders, Arthropods, animals)"	Q1ELU3	Belongs to the latarcin family	Not found	Lachesana tarabaevi (Spider)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix 	Not found	None	"Function: Has hemolytic activity against Rabbit erythrocytes. Causes paralysis, but is not lethal when injected into insect (Musca domestica) larvae.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom gland."	"[Ref.16735513]Gram-positive bacteria: Arthrobacter globiformis VKM Ac-1112 (MIC=0.3 ?M), Bacillus subtilis VKM B-501 MIC=1.2 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli DH5-alpha (MIC=2.5 ?M), Escherichia coli MH1 (MIC=6.0 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (MIC>40 ?M);##Fungi: Pichia pastoris GS115 (MIC=20 ?M), Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y190 (MIC=20 ?M)."	[Ref.16735513]20% hemolytic activity at >120 μM against rabbit erythrocytes 	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	16735513	J Biol Chem. 2006 Jul 28;281(30):20983-209892.	"Kozlov SA, Vassilevski AA, Feofanov AV, Surovoy AY, Karpunin DV, Grishin EV."	"Latarcins, antimicrobial and cytolytic peptides from the venom of the spider Lachesana tarabaevi (Zodariidae) that exemplify biomolecular diversity."
DRAMP03230	SWASMAKKLKEYMEKLKQRA	20	"M-zodatoxin-Lt3b (M-ZDTX-Lt3b; Latarcin-3b, Ltc-3b; spiders, Arthropods, animals)"	Q1ELU2	Belongs to the latarcin family	Not found	Lachesana tarabaevi (Spider)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix 	Not found	None	"Function: Has hemolytic against Rabbit erythrocytes. Causes paralysis, but is not lethal when injected into insect (Musca domestica) larvae.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom gland."	"[Ref.16735513]Gram-positive bacteria: Arthrobacter globiformis VKM Ac-1112 (MIC=0.7 ?M), Bacillus subtilis VKM B-501 (MIC=2.9 ?M);Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli DH5-alpha (MIC=23 ?M), Escherichia coli MH1 (MIC=28 ?M), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (MIC>45 ?M);##Fungi: Pichia pastoris GS115 (MIC=23 ?M), Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y190 (MIC=23 ?M)."	[Ref.16735513]20% hemolytic activity at >120 μM against rabbit erythrocytes 	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not included yet	Not found	16735513	J Biol Chem. 2006 Jul 28;281(30):20983-209892.	"Kozlov SA, Vassilevski AA, Feofanov AV, Surovoy AY, Karpunin DV, Grishin EV."	"Latarcins, antimicrobial and cytolytic peptides from the venom of the spider Lachesana tarabaevi (Zodariidae) that exemplify biomolecular diversity."
DRAMP03231	GLKDKFKSMGEKLKQYIQTWKAKF	24	"M-zodatoxin-Lt4a (M-ZDTX-Lt4a; Latarcin-4a, Ltc-4a; spiders, Arthropods, animals)"	Q1ELU5	Belongs to the latarcin family	Not found	Lachesana tarabaevi (Spider)	"Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal"	Protein level	Alpha helix 	Not found	None	"Function: Has hemolytic activity against Rabbit erythrocytes. Causes paralysis, but is not lethal when injected into insect (Musca domestica) larvae.
Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom gland."	"[Ref.16735513]Gram-positive bacteria: Arthrobacter globiformis VKM Ac-1112 (MIC=0.3 ?M), Bacillus subtilis VKM B-501 (MIC=1.1 ?M);##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli DH5-alpha (MIC=4.5 ?M), Escherichia coli MH1 (MIC=3.2 ?M), Pseudomonas