General Information

    • DRAMP ID

    • DRAMP00916

    • Peptide Name

    • Cyclotide vibi-D (Plant defensin)

    • Source

    • Viola biflora (Yellow wood violet)

    • Family

    • Belongs to the cyclotide family

    • Gene

    • Not found

    • Sequence

    • GLPVCGETCFGGRCNTPGCTCSYPICTRN

    • Sequence Length

    • 29

    • Protein Existence

    • Protein level

Activity Information

    • Biological Activity

    • Cytotoxic

    • Target Organism

    • Human lymphoma cell line U-937 GTB (IC50>30 µM).

    • Hemolytic Activity

      • No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry

    • Cytotoxicity

      • [Ref.18191970] Cytotoxicity: Human lymphoma cell line U-937 GTB (IC50>30 µM).

    • Binding Target

    • Not found

Structure Information

    • Linear/Cyclic

    • Cyclic

    • N-terminal Modification

    • No specific N-terminal

    • C-terminal Modification

    • No specific C-terminal

    • Nonterminal Modifications and Unusual Amino Acids

    • Disulfide bonds between Cys5 and Cys21; Cys9 and Cys23; Cys14 and Cys28.

    • Stereochemistry

    • L

    • Structure

    • Bridge

    • Structure Description

    • The cyclotides are head-to-tail macrocyclic and they have three disulfides arranged in a cystine knot, in which two disulfide bonds and their connecting backbone segments form an embedded ring that is penetrated by the third disulfide bond. Cyclotides exhibit a broad range of biological effects, including insecticidal, haemolytic, and cytotoxic effects.

    • Helical Wheel Diagram

    • DRAMP00916 helical wheel diagram

    • PDB ID

    • None

    • Predicted Structure

    • There is no predicted structure for DRAMP00916.

Physicochemical Information

    • Formula

    • C122H193N37O40S6

    • Absent Amino Acids

    • ADHKMQW

    • Common Amino Acids

    • C

    • Mass

    • 3010.46

    • PI

    • 7.78

    • Basic Residues

    • 2

    • Acidic Residues

    • 1

    • Hydrophobic Residues

    • 4

    • Net Charge

    • +1

    • Boman Index

    • -34.51

    • Hydrophobicity

    • -0.031

    • Aliphatic Index

    • 36.9

    • Half Life

      • Mammalian:30 hour
      • Yeast:>20 hour
      • E.coli:>10 hour

    • Extinction Coefficient Cystines

    • 1865

    • Absorbance 280nm

    • 66.61

    • Polar Residues

    • 19

DRAMP00916

DRAMP00916 chydropathy plot

Comments Information

    • Function

    • Probably participates in a plant defense mechanism. Has moderate levels of cytotoxic activity.

    • PTM

    • Contains three disulfide bonds 5-21; 9-23; 14-28. This is a cyclic peptide (cross-link at G1-N29).

Literature Information

  • ·Literature 1

    • Title

    • The alpine violet, Viola biflora, is a rich source of cyclotides with potent cytotoxicity.

    • Reference

    • Phytochemistry. 2008 Feb;69(4):939-952.

    • Author

    • Herrmann A, Burman R, Mylne JS, Karlsson G, Gullbo J, Craik DJ, Clark RJ, Göransson U.