• • DRAMP ID

  • DRAMP01162

• • Peptide Name

  • Buforin-1 (Buforin I; Fragment of Histone H2A; toads, amphibians, animals)

• • Source

  • Bufo gargarizans (Asian toad) (Bufo bufo gargarizans)

• • Family

  • Belongs to the histone H2A family

• • Gene

  • Not found

• • Sequence

  • AGRGKQGGKVRAKAKTRSSRAGLQFPVGRVHRLLRKGNY

• • Sequence Length

  • 39

• • UniProt Entry

  • P55897

• • Protein Existence

  • Protein level

• • Biological Activity

  • Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal

• • Target Organism

  • • Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=4 µg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=4 µg/ml), Streptococcus mutans (MIC=8 µg/ml), Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC=4 µg/ml), Pseudomonas putida (MIC=4 µg/ml);
    • Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=8 µg/ml), Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=4 µg/ml), Serratia sp. (MIC=8 µg/ml).
    • Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=4 µg/ml), Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC=4 µg/ml), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC=4 µg/ml).

• • Hemolytic Activity

  • • No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry

• • Cytotoxicity

  • No cytotoxicity information found in the reference(s) presented

• • Binding Target

  • DNA

• • Linear/Cyclic

  • Linear

• • N-terminal Modification

  • Free

• • C-terminal Modification

  • Free

• • Nonterminal Modifications and Unusual Amino Acids

  • ①The residue at position 5 is N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine or N6-acetyllysine. ②The residue at position 9 is N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine or N6-lactoyllysine or N6-succinyllysine. ③The Lys13 has a interchain with G-Cter in ubiquitin. ④The Lys15 has a interchain with G-Cter in ubiquitin. ⑤The residue at position 36 is N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine.

• • Stereochemistry

  • L

• • Structure

  • Not found

• • Structure Description

  • Not found

• • Helical Wheel Diagram

  • 

• • PDB ID

  • None

• Predicted Structure

• Please click DRAMP01162_predicted_structure.pdb to download.

DRAMP01162

• • Function

  • Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.

• • PTM

  • Monoubiquitination of C-terminus gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression. Following DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), it is ubiquitinated through 'Lys-63' linkage of ubiquitin moieties.

• ·Literature 1

• • Title

  • A novel antimicrobial peptide from Bufo bufo gargarizans.

• • Pubmed ID

  • 8573171

• • Reference

  • Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Jan 5;218(1):408-413.

• • Author

  • Park C.B, Kim M.S, Kim S.C.

• ·Literature 2

• • Title

  • Solution structure of an antimicrobial peptide buforin II.

• • Pubmed ID

  • 8946958

• • Reference

  • FEBS Lett. 1996 Nov 25;398(1):87-90.

• • Author

  • Yi G.-S, Park C.B, Kim S.C, Cheong C.