General Information
-
DRAMP ID
- DRAMP03598
-
Peptide Name
- Human beta-defensin 2 (hBD-2; Defensin, beta 2; Beta-defensin 4A; Human, mammals, animals)
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Source
- Homo sapiens (Human)
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Family
- Belongs to the beta-defensin family
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Gene
- DEFB4A AND DEFB4B
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Sequence
- GIGDPVTCLKSGAICHPVFCPRRYKQIGTCGLPGTKCCKKP
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Sequence Length
- 41
-
Protein Existence
- Protein level
Activity Information
-
Biological Activity
- Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antiviral
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Target Organism
-
- Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli D31(MIC=62 µg/ml), Escherichia coli ATCC (MIC=62 µg/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC (MIC=62 µg/ml);
- Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC (MIC=62 µg/ml), Enterococcus faecalis ATCC (MIC=15 µg/ml).
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Hemolytic Activity
-
- [Ref.15625724] It is slightly hemolytic (<12%) against human erythrocytes at the highest concentration of 500 μg/ml.
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Cytotoxicity
- No cytotoxicity information found in the reference(s) presented
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Binding Target
- Not found
Structure Information
-
Linear/Cyclic
- Cyclic
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N-terminal Modification
- Free
-
C-terminal Modification
- Free
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Nonterminal Modifications and Unusual Amino Acids
- Disulfide bonds between Cys8 and Cys37,Cys15 and Cys30,Cys20 and Cys38.
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Stereochemistry
- L
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Structure
- Combine helix and strand structure
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Structure Description
- The structure (one N-terminal helix and 3 beta strands) was found to be monomer in solution (PDB ID: 1E4Q) but a dimer in the crystal (PDB ID: 1FD3).
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Helical Wheel Diagram
- 1FD4-> 
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Predicted Structure
- Please click DRAMP03598_predicted_structure.pdb to download.
Physicochemical Information
-
Formula
- C188H311N55O50S6
Absent Amino Acids
- EMNW
Common Amino Acids
- CG
Mass
- 4334.24
PI
- 9.3
Basic Residues
- 8
Acidic Residues
- 1
Hydrophobic Residues
- 9
Net Charge
- +7
-
Boman Index
- -36.97
Hydrophobicity
- -0.102
Aliphatic Index
- 64.15
Half Life
-
- Mammalian:30 hour
- Yeast:>20 hour
- E.coli:>10 hour
Extinction Coefficient Cystines
- 1865
Absorbance 280nm
- 46.63
Polar Residues
- 17
DRAMP03598
Comments Information
Function
- Has anti-HIV and antibacterial activity.
Tissue specificity
- Expressed in the skin and respiratory tract.
Induction
- By inflammation.
PTM
- Contains three disulfide bonds 8-37, 15-30, 20-38.
Transgenic plants
- expression of this peptide in Arabidopsis thaliana reduced fungal infection.
Literature Information
- ·Literature 1
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Title
- A peptide antibiotic from human skin.
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Pubmed ID
- 9202117
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Reference
- Nature. 1997 Jun 26;387(6636):861.
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Author
- Harder J, Bartels J, Christophers E, Schröder JM.
- ·Literature 2
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Title
- The structure of human beta-defensin-2 shows evidence of higher order oligomerization.
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Pubmed ID
- 10906336
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Reference
- J Biol Chem. 2000 Oct 20;275(42):32911-32918.
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Author
- Hoover DM, Rajashankar KR, Blumenthal R, Puri A, Oppenheim JJ, Chertov O, Lubkowski J.
- ·Literature 3
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Title
- Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing human beta-defensin-2 are more resistant to fungal attack: functional homology between plant and human defensins.
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Pubmed ID
- 17340092
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Reference
- Plant Cell Rep. 2007 Aug;26(8):1391-1398.
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Author
- Aerts AM, Thevissen K, Bresseleers SM, Sels J, Wouters P, Cammue BP, François IE.