General Information

    • DRAMP ID

    • DRAMP00784

    • Peptide Name

    • Varv peptide A (Varv A; Plant defensin)

    • Source

    • Viola arvensis (European field pansy) (Field violet)

    • Family

    • Belongs to the cyclotide family

    • Gene

    • Not found

    • Sequence

    • GLPVCGETCVGGTCNTPGCSCSWPVCTRN

    • Sequence Length

    • 29

    • Protein Existence

    • Protein level

Activity Information

    • Biological Activity

    • Anti-cancer

    • Target Organism

      • Human tumor cell lines: RPMI-8226/s (IC50=3.24 µM), RPMI-8226/Dox40 (IC50=2.73 µM), RPMI-8226/LR-5 (IC50=3.19 µM), U-937GTB (IC50=6.35 µM), U-937Vcr (IC50=4.84 µM), ACHN (IC50=4.19 µM), CCRF-CEM (IC50=3.56 µM), CCRF-CEM/VM-1 (IC50=4.97 µM), NCI-H69 (IC50=4.88 µM), NCI-H69AR (IC50=4.89 µM).

    • Hemolytic Activity

      • No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry

    • Cytotoxicity

      • [Ref.20580652] Cytotoxicity: U251(IC50 = 37.8μg/mL), MDA-MB-231(IC50>10μg/mL), A549(IC50>10μg/mL), DU145(IC50>10μg/mL), BEL-7402(IC50>10μg/mL).
      • [Ref.14987049] Cytotoxicity: U-937 GTB (lymphoma)(IC50 = 6µM) and RPMI-8226/s (myeloma)(IC50 = 3µM).

    • Binding Target

    • Not found

Structure Information

    • Linear/Cyclic

    • Cyclic

    • N-terminal Modification

    • No specific N-terminal

    • C-terminal Modification

    • No specific C-terminal

    • Nonterminal Modifications and Unusual Amino Acids

    • Disulfide bonds between Cys5 and Cys19; Cys9 and Cys21; Cys14 and Cys26.

    • Stereochemistry

    • L

    • Structure

    • Not found

    • Structure Description

    • Not found

    • Helical Wheel Diagram

    • DRAMP00784 helical wheel diagram

    • PDB ID

    • None

    • Predicted Structure

    • There is no predicted structure for DRAMP00784.

Physicochemical Information

    • Formula

    • C116H185N35O40S6

    • Absent Amino Acids

    • ADFHIKMQY

    • Common Amino Acids

    • C

    • Mass

    • 2902.32

    • PI

    • 5.96

    • Basic Residues

    • 1

    • Acidic Residues

    • 1

    • Hydrophobic Residues

    • 5

    • Net Charge

    • 0

    • Boman Index

    • -20.34

    • Hydrophobicity

    • 0.148

    • Aliphatic Index

    • 43.45

    • Half Life

      • Mammalian:30 hour
      • Yeast:>20 hour
      • E.coli:>10 hour

    • Extinction Coefficient Cystines

    • 5875

    • Absorbance 280nm

    • 209.82

    • Polar Residues

    • 19

DRAMP00784

DRAMP00784 chydropathy plot

Comments Information

    • Function

    • Probably participates in a plant defense mechanism. Has cytotoxic activity against a variety of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive human tumor cell lines, and against primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Has weak cytotoxic activity against primary ovarian carcinoma cells or normal lymphocytes.

    • PTM

    • Contains three disulfide bonds 5-19; 9-21; 14-26.

Literature Information

  • ·Literature 1

    • Title

    • Isolation and characterization of cytotoxic cyclotides from Viola tricolor.

    • Reference

    • Peptides . 2010 Aug;31(8):1434-1440.

    • Author

    • Jun Tang, Conan K Wang, Xulin Pan, He Yan, Guangzhi Zeng, Wenyan Xu, Wenjun He, Norelle L Daly, David J Craik, Ninghua Tan.
  • ·Literature 2

    • Title

    • Cytotoxic cyclotides from Viola tricolor.

    • Reference

    • J Nat Prod. 2004 Feb;67(2):144-147.

    • Author

    • Erika Svangård, Ulf Göransson, Zozan Hocaoglu, Joachim Gullbo, Rolf Larsson, Per Claeson, Lars Bohlin.
  • ·Literature 3

    • Title

    • Cyclotides: a novel type of cytotoxic agents.

    • Reference

    • Mol Cancer Ther . 2002 Apr;1(6):365-9.

    • Author

    • Petra Lindholm, Ulf Göransson, Senia Johansson, Per Claeson, Joachim Gullbo, Rolf Larsson, Lars Bohlin, Anders Backlund