General Information

    • DRAMP ID

    • DRAMP00788

    • Peptide Name

    • Varv peptide E (Varv E; Plant defensin)

    • Source

    • Viola arvensis (European field pansy) (Field violet)

    • Family

    • Belongs to the cyclotide family

    • Gene

    • Not found

    • Sequence

    • GLPICGETCVGGTCNTPGCSCSWPVCTRN

    • Sequence Length

    • 29

    • Protein Existence

    • Protein level

Activity Information

    • Biological Activity

    • Anti-cancer, Antiviral

    • Target Organism

      • [Ref.14987049]Human cancer cell lines: U-937 GTB (lymphoma) (IC50=4 µM), RPMI-8226/s (myeloma) (IC50=4 µM).
      • [Ref.18008336]Virus:HIV:inhibition the cytopathic effects of HIV-1 infection in cultured human T-lymphoblast (CEM-SS) cells(EC50=350 nM).

    • Hemolytic Activity

      • [Ref.20580652] HD50=6.96µM against human type O red blood cells.

    • Cytotoxicity

      • [Ref.20580652] Cytotoxicity: U251(IC50=38.84μg/mL), MDA-MB-231(IC50>10μg/mL), A549(IC50>10μg/mL), DU145(IC50>10μg/mL), BEL-7402(IC50>10μg/mL).
      • [Ref.14987049] Cytotoxicity: U-937 GTB (lymphoma)(IC50 = 4 µM) and RPMI-8226/s (myeloma)(IC50 = 4 µM).
      • [Ref.18008336]CEM-SS cells:IC50=3980 nM.

    • Binding Target

    • Not found

Structure Information

    • Linear/Cyclic

    • Cyclic

    • N-terminal Modification

    • Cyclization (N termini to C termini)

    • C-terminal Modification

    • Cyclization (C termini to N termini)

    • Nonterminal Modifications and Unusual Amino Acids

    • Disulfide bonds between Cys5 and Cys19; Cys9 and Cys21; Cys14 and Cys26.

    • Stereochemistry

    • L

    • Structure

    • Not found

    • Structure Description

    • Not found

    • Helical Wheel Diagram

    • DRAMP00788 helical wheel diagram

    • PDB ID

    • None

    • Predicted Structure

    • There is no predicted structure for DRAMP00788.

Physicochemical Information

    • Formula

    • C117H187N35O40S6

    • Absent Amino Acids

    • ADFHKMQY

    • Common Amino Acids

    • C

    • Mass

    • 2916.34

    • PI

    • 5.96

    • Basic Residues

    • 1

    • Acidic Residues

    • 1

    • Hydrophobic Residues

    • 5

    • Net Charge

    • 0

    • Boman Index

    • -19.46

    • Hydrophobicity

    • 0.159

    • Aliphatic Index

    • 46.9

    • Half Life

      • Mammalian:30 hour
      • Yeast:>20 hour
      • E.coli:>10 hour

    • Extinction Coefficient Cystines

    • 5875

    • Absorbance 280nm

    • 209.82

    • Polar Residues

    • 19

DRAMP00788

DRAMP00788 chydropathy plot

Comments Information

    • Function

    • Probably participates in a plant defense mechanism. Has cytotoxic activity against human lymphoma U-937 GTB and human myeloma RPMI-8226/s cell lines.

    • PTM

    • Contains three disulfide bonds 5-19; 9-21; 14-26.

Literature Information

  • ·Literature 1

    • Title

    • Cyclotides as natural anti-HIV agents.

    • Reference

    • Biopolymers. 2008;90(1):51-60.

    • Author

    • Ireland DC, Wang CK, Wilson JA, Gustafson KR, Craik DJ.
  • ·Literature 2

    • Title

    • Seven novel macrocyclic polypeptides from Viola arvensis.

    • Reference

    • J Nat Prod. 1999 Feb;62(2):283-286.

    • Author

    • Göransson U, Luijendijk T, Johansson S, Bohlin L, Claeson P.Svang.
  • ·Literature 3

    • Title

    • Cytotoxic cyclotides from Viola tricolor.

    • Reference

    • J Nat Prod. 2004 Feb;67(2):144-147.

    • Author

    • Svangård E, Göransson U, Hocaoglu Z, Gullbo J, Larsson R, Claeson P, Bohlin L.
  • ·Literature 4

    • Title

    • Isolation and characterization of cytotoxic cyclotides from Viola tricolor.

    • Reference

    • Peptides. 2010 Aug;31(8):1434-40.

    • Author

    • Tang J, Wang CK, Pan X, Yan H, Zeng G, Xu W, He W, Daly NL, Craik DJ, Tan N.