General Information
-
DRAMP ID
- DRAMP00875
-
Peptide Name
- Leaf cyclotide 1 (Vhl-1; Plant defensin)
-
Source
- Viola hederacea (Australian violet)
-
Family
- Belongs to the cyclotide family
-
Gene
- Not found
-
Sequence
- SISCGESCAMISFCFTEVIGCSCKNKVCYLN
-
Sequence Length
- 31
-
UniProt Entry
- P84522
-
Protein Existence
- Protein level
Activity Information
-
Biological Activity
- Antimicrobial, Antiviral
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Target Organism
-
- [Ref.18008336]Virus:HIV:inhibition the cytopathic effects of HIV-1 infection in cultured human T-lymphoblast (CEM-SS) cells(EC50=870 nM).
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Hemolytic Activity
-
- No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry
-
Cytotoxicity
- No cytotoxicity information found in the reference(s) presented
-
Binding Target
- Not found
Structure Information
-
Linear/Cyclic
- Cyclic
-
N-terminal Modification
- Cyclization (N termini to C termini)
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C-terminal Modification
- Cyclization (N termini to C termini)
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Nonterminal Modifications and Unusual Amino Acids
- Disulfide bonds between Cys4 and Cys21; Cys8 and Cys23; Cys13 and Cys28.
-
Stereochemistry
- L
-
Structure
- Combine helix and strand structure
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Structure Description
- Vhl-1 adopts a compact and well defined structure including a distorted triple-stranded beta-sheet, a short 3(10) helical segment and several turns. It is stabilized by three disulfide bonds, which, together with backbone segments, form a cyclic cystine knot motif. The three-disulfide bonds are almost completely buried into the protein core, and the six cysteines contribute only 3.8% to the molecular surface.
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Helical Wheel Diagram
-
PDB ID
- 1ZA8 resolved by NMR.
- 1ZA8-> 
-
Predicted Structure
- There is no predicted structure for DRAMP00875.
Physicochemical Information
-
Formula
- C140H223N35O45S7
Absent Amino Acids
- DHPQRW
Common Amino Acids
- C
Mass
- 3340.94
PI
- 5.85
Basic Residues
- 2
Acidic Residues
- 2
Hydrophobic Residues
- 9
Net Charge
- 0
-
Boman Index
- -10.27
Hydrophobicity
- 0.69
Aliphatic Index
- 72.26
Half Life
-
- Mammalian:1.9 hour
- Yeast:>20 hour
- E.coli:>10 hour
Extinction Coefficient Cystines
- 1865
Absorbance 280nm
- 62.17
Polar Residues
- 17
DRAMP00875
Comments Information
Function
- Probably participates in a plant defense mechanism. Has anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity.
Tissue specificity
- Expressed in leaves.
PTM
- Vhl-1 is a cyclic peptide which contains three disulfide bonds 4-21; 8-23; 14-28.
Literature Information
- ·Literature 1
-
Title
- Cyclotides as natural anti-HIV agents.
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Pubmed ID
- 18008336
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Reference
- Biopolymers. 2008;90(1):51-60.
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Author
- Ireland DC, Wang CK, Wilson JA, Gustafson KR, Craik DJ.
- ·Literature 2
-
Title
- Isolation and characterization of novel cyclotides from Viola hederaceae: solution structure and anti-HIV activity of vhl-1, a leaf-specific expressed cyclotide.
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Pubmed ID
- 15824119
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Reference
- J Biol Chem. 2005 Jun 10;280(23):22395-22405.
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Author
- Chen B, Colgrave ML, Daly NL, Rosengren KJ, Gustafson KR, Craik DJ.