• DRAMP ID

    • DRAMP00877
    • Peptide Name

    • Circulin-A (CIRA; Plant defensin)
    • Source

    • Chassalia parviflora
    • Family

    • Belongs to the cyclotide family
    • Gene

    • Not found
    • Sequence

    • GIPCGESCVWIPCISAALGCSCKNKVCYRN
    • Sequence Length

    • 30
    • Protein Existence

    • Protein level
    • Biological Activity

    • Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antiviral, Antifungal
    • Target Organism

      • [Ref.10430870]Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=0.19 µM).
      • Gram-negative bacterium: Proteus vulgaris (MIC=54.6 µM).
      • Fungi: Candida kefyr (MIC=18.6 µM) and Candida tropicalis (MIC=19.4 µM).
      • NOTE: Medium with 10 mM phosphate buffer.
      • [Ref.18008336]Virus:HIV:inhibition the cytopathic effects of HIV-1 infection in cultured human T-lymphoblast (CEM-SS) cells(EC50=40-260 nM).
    • Hemolytic Activity

      • [Ref.10430870] EC50 = 1020 μM against blood type A human erythrocytes.
    • Cytotoxicity

      • [Ref.18008336]CEM-SS cells:IC50=500 nM.
    • Binding Target

    • Not found
    • Linear/Cyclic

    • Cyclic
    • N-terminal Modification

    • Cyclization (N termini to C termini)
    • C-terminal Modification

    • Cyclization (C termini to N termini)
    • Nonterminal Modifications and Unusual Amino Acids

    • [Ref.8920961] There are three disulfide bonds between Cys4 and Cys20, Cys8 and Cys22, Cys13 and Cys27
    • Stereochemistry

    • L
    • Structure

    • Alpha helix (1 helices; 4 residues)
    • Structure Description

    • The molecule is stabilised by three disulfide bonds, two of which form an embedded loop completed by the backbone fragments connecting the cysteine residues. A third disulfide bond threads through the centre of this loop to form a "cystine-knot" motif. This motif is present in a range of other biologically active proteins, including omega-contoxin GVIA and Cucurbita maxima trypsin inhibitor.
    • Helical Wheel Diagram

    • DRAMP00877 helical wheel diagram
    • PDB ID

    • 1BH4 resolved by NMR.
  • 1BH4-> 
    • Predicted Structure

    • There is no predicted structure for DRAMP00877.
    • Formula

    • C134H216N38O39S6
    • Absent Amino Acids

    • DFHMQT
    • Common Amino Acids

    • C
    • Mass

    • 3175.78
    • PI

    • 8.33
    • Basic Residues

    • 3
    • Acidic Residues

    • 1
    • Hydrophobic Residues

    • 9
    • Net Charge

    • +2
    • Boman Index

    • -12.24
    • Hydrophobicity

    • 0.417
    • Aliphatic Index

    • 78
    • Half Life

      • Mammalian:30 hour
      • Yeast:>20 hour
      • E.coli:>10 hour
    • Extinction Coefficient Cystines

    • 7365
    • Absorbance 280nm

    • 253.97
    • Polar Residues

    • 15

DRAMP00877

DRAMP00877 chydropathy plot
    • Function

    • Probably participates in a plant defense mechanism. Has antibiotic activity. Inhibits the cytopathic effects and replication of the human immunodeficiency virus. Relatively ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli and P. aeruginosa.
    • PTM

    • This is a cyclic peptide which contains three disulfide bonds 1-17; 5-19; 10-24.
  • ·Literature 1
    • Title

    • Cyclotides as natural anti-HIV agents.
    • Reference

    • Biopolymers. 2008;90(1):51-60. doi: 10.1002/bip.20886.
    • Author

    • Ireland DC, Wang CK, Wilson JA, Gustafson KR, Craik DJ.
  • ·Literature 2
    • Title

    • An unusual structural motif of antimicrobial peptides containing end-to-end macrocycle and cystine-knot disulfides.
    • Reference

    • Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Aug 3;96(16):8913-8918.
    • Author

    • Tam JP, Lu YA, Yang JL, Chiu KW.
  • ·Literature 3
    • Title

    • Solution structure by NMR of circulin A: a macrocyclic knotted peptide having anti-HIV activity.
    • Reference

    • J. Mol. Biol. 1999; 285:333-345.
    • Author

    • Daly NL, Koltay A, Gustafson KR, Boyd MR, Casas-Finet JR, Craik DJ.
  • ·Literature 4
    • Title

    • Analysis of the disulfide linkage pattern in circulin A and B, HIV-inhibitory macrocyclic peptides
    • Reference

    • Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Nov 12;228(2):632-8.
    • Author

    • R Derua 1, K R Gustafson, L K Pannell