General Information

    • DRAMP ID

    • DRAMP01163

    • Peptide Name

    • Buforin-2 (Buforin II; Fragment of Histone H2A; toads, amphibians, animals)

    • Source

    • Bufo gargarizans (Asian toad) (Bufo bufo gargarizans)

    • Family

    • Belongs to the histone H2A family

    • Gene

    • Not found

    • Sequence

    • TRSSRAGLQFPVGRVHRLLRK

    • Sequence Length

    • 21

    • Protein Existence

    • Protein level

Activity Information

    • Biological Activity

    • Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal

    • Target Organism

      • Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis (MIC=2 µg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=4 µg/ml), Streptococcus mutans (MIC=2 µg/ml), Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC=4 µg/ml), Pseudomonas putida (MIC=2 µg/ml);
      • Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MIC=4 µg/ml), Salmonella typhimurium (MIC=1 µg/ml), Serratia sp. (MIC=4 µg/ml).
      • Fungi: Candida albicans (MIC=1 µg/ml), Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC=1 µg/ml), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC=1 µg/ml).

    • Hemolytic Activity

      • No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry

    • Cytotoxicity

    • No cytotoxicity information found in the reference(s) presented

    • Binding Target

    • DNA

Structure Information

    • Linear/Cyclic

    • Linear

    • N-terminal Modification

    • Free

    • C-terminal Modification

    • Free

    • Nonterminal Modifications and Unusual Amino Acids

    • ① The residue at position 21 is N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine

    • Stereochemistry

    • L

    • Structure

    • Alpha helix

    • Structure Description

    • Not found

    • Helical Wheel Diagram

    • DRAMP01163 helical wheel diagram

    • PDB ID

    • None

    • Predicted Structure

Physicochemical Information

    • Formula

    • C106H184N40O26

    • Absent Amino Acids

    • CDEIMNWY

    • Common Amino Acids

    • R

    • Mass

    • 2434.88

    • PI

    • 12.6

    • Basic Residues

    • 7

    • Acidic Residues

    • 0

    • Hydrophobic Residues

    • 7

    • Net Charge

    • +7

    • Boman Index

    • -70.21

    • Hydrophobicity

    • -0.638

    • Aliphatic Index

    • 88.1

    • Half Life

      • Mammalian:7.2 hour
      • Yeast:>20 hour
      • E.coli:>10 hour

    • Extinction Coefficient Cystines

    • 0

    • Absorbance 280nm

    • 0

    • Polar Residues

    • 5

DRAMP01163

DRAMP01163 chydropathy plot

Comments Information

    • Function

    • Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. Both buforin II and its derivative buforin IIb (sequence

    • PTM

    • Monoubiquitination of C-terminus gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression. Following DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), it is ubiquitinated through 'Lys-63' linkage of ubiquitin moieties.

Literature Information

  • ·Literature 1

    • Title

    • A novel antimicrobial peptide from Bufo bufo gargarizans.

    • Reference

    • Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Jan 5;218(1):408-413.

    • Author

    • Park C.B, Kim M.S, Kim S.C.
  • ·Literature 2

    • Title

    • Solution structure of an antimicrobial peptide buforin II.

    • Reference

    • FEBS Lett. 1996 Nov 25;398(1):87-90.

    • Author

    • Yi G.-S, Park C.B, Kim S.C, Cheong C.