General Information

    • DRAMP ID

    • DRAMP01164

    • Peptide Name

    • Bombinin (toads, amphibians, animals)

    • Source

    • Bombina variegata (Yellow-bellied toad)

    • Family

    • Not found

    • Gene

    • Not found

    • Sequence

    • GIGALSAKGALKGLAKGLAEHFAN

    • Sequence Length

    • 24

    • Protein Existence

    • Protein level

Activity Information

    • Biological Activity

    • Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-

    • Target Organism

      • [Ref.8223491]Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli D21 (MIC=3 µM);
      • Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (MIC=14 µM).

    • Hemolytic Activity

      • [Ref.8223491] The lethal concentration (LC, the lowest concentration that inhibits growth) was over 50 μM

    • Cytotoxicity

    • No cytotoxicity information found in the reference(s) presented

    • Binding Target

    • Not found

Structure Information

    • Linear/Cyclic

    • Linear

    • N-terminal Modification

    • Free

    • C-terminal Modification

    • Amidation

    • Nonterminal Modifications and Unusual Amino Acids

    • None

    • Stereochemistry

    • L

    • Structure

    • Not found

    • Structure Description

    • Not found

    • Helical Wheel Diagram

    • DRAMP01164 helical wheel diagram

    • PDB ID

    • None

    • Predicted Structure

Physicochemical Information

    • Formula

    • C103H172N30O29

    • Absent Amino Acids

    • CDMPQRTVWY

    • Common Amino Acids

    • A

    • Mass

    • 2294.68

    • PI

    • 9.7

    • Basic Residues

    • 4

    • Acidic Residues

    • 1

    • Hydrophobic Residues

    • 12

    • Net Charge

    • +3

    • Boman Index

    • 4.98

    • Hydrophobicity

    • 0.358

    • Aliphatic Index

    • 106.25

    • Half Life

      • Mammalian:30 hour
      • Yeast:>20 hour
      • E.coli:>10 hour

    • Extinction Coefficient Cystines

    • 0

    • Absorbance 280nm

    • 0

    • Polar Residues

    • 7

DRAMP01164

DRAMP01164 chydropathy plot

Comments Information

    • Function

    • Has antimicrobial and hemolytic activities.

    • Tissue specificity

    • Expressed by the skin glands.

    • PTM

    • C-terminal amidation.

    • Caution

    • Residue 20 is assigned as E by similarity to other bombin sequences instead of Z (Glutamic acid or Gutamine) given

Literature Information

  • ·Literature 1

    • Title

    • Isolation and structural resolution of a haemolytically active polypeptide from the immune secretion of a European toad.

    • Reference

    • Monatsh. Chem. 1970;101:182-189.

    • Author

    • Csordas A, Michl H.
  • ·Literature 2

    • Title

    • Antibacterial and haemolytic peptides containing D-alloisoleucine from the skin of Bombina variegata.

    • Reference

    • EMBO J. 1993; 12:4829-4832.

    • Author

    • Mignogna G, Simmaco M, Kreil G, Barra D.