General Information

    • DRAMP ID

    • DRAMP02776

    • Peptide Name

    • Antimicrobial peptide Alo-3 (Alo-3; knottin-type peptide; Insects, animals)

    • Source

    • Acrocinus longimanus (Giant harlequin beetle)

    • Family

    • belongs to the inhibitor cystine-knot family

    • Gene

    • Not found

    • Sequence

    • CIKNGNGCQPNGSQGNCCSGYCHKQPGWVAGYCRRK

    • Sequence Length

    • 36

    • Protein Existence

    • Protein level

Activity Information

    • Biological Activity

    • Antimicrobial, Antifungal

    • Target Organism

      • Fungi: Candida glabrata patient 1 (MIC=8 µg/mL), C. glabrata ATCC 90030 (MIC=16 µg/mL), C. albicans IHEM 8060 (MIC=16 µg/mL), C. albicans ATCC 36082 (MIC=8 µg/mL).

    • Hemolytic Activity

      • No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry

    • Cytotoxicity

    • No cytotoxicity information found in the reference(s) presented

    • Binding Target

    • Not found

Structure Information

    • Linear/Cyclic

    • Cyclic

    • N-terminal Modification

    • Free

    • C-terminal Modification

    • Free

    • Nonterminal Modifications and Unusual Amino Acids

    • Disulfide bonds between Cys1 and Cys18; Cys8 and Cys22; Cys17 and Cys33.

    • Stereochemistry

    • L

    • Structure

    • Beta strand (3 strands; 8 residues)

    • Structure Description

    • Alo-3 contains six cysteine residues forming three disulfide bridges. It exhibits all the structural features characteristic of the knottin fold, namely, a triple-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet with a long flexible loop connecting the first strand to the second strand and a series of turns.

    • Helical Wheel Diagram

    • DRAMP02776 helical wheel diagram

    • PDB ID

    • 1Q3J resolved by NMR.

    • Predicted Structure

    • There is no predicted structure for DRAMP02776.

Physicochemical Information

    • Formula

    • C158H245N55O48S6

    • Absent Amino Acids

    • DEFLMT

    • Common Amino Acids

    • G

    • Mass

    • 3875.38

    • PI

    • 9.13

    • Basic Residues

    • 6

    • Acidic Residues

    • 0

    • Hydrophobic Residues

    • 4

    • Net Charge

    • +6

    • Boman Index

    • -74.05

    • Hydrophobicity

    • -0.944

    • Aliphatic Index

    • 21.67

    • Half Life

      • Mammalian:1.2 hour
      • Yeast:>20 hour
      • E.coli:>10 hour

    • Extinction Coefficient Cystines

    • 8855

    • Absorbance 280nm

    • 253

    • Polar Residues

    • 21

DRAMP02776

DRAMP02776 chydropathy plot

Comments Information

    • Function

    • Alo-3 shows a level of activity significantly higher against C. glabrata than Alo-1 or Alo-2.

    • Domain

    • The presence of a disulfide through disulfide knot' structurally defines this protein as a knottin.

    • PTM

    • Contains three disulfide bonds 1-18; 8-22; 17-33.

Literature Information

  • ·Literature 1

    • Title

    • Solution structure of Alo-3: a new knottin-type antifungal peptide from the insect Acrocinus longimanus.

    • Reference

    • Biochemistry. 2003 Dec 16;42(49):14434-14442.

    • Author

    • Barbault F, Landon C, Guenneugues M, Meyer JP, Schott V, Dimarcq JL, Vovelle F.