General Information

    • DRAMP ID

    • DRAMP02994

    • Peptide Name

    • Defensin-1 (Royalisin; Insects, animals)

    • Source

    • Apis mellifera (Honeybee)

    • Family

    • Belongs to the invertebrate defensin family (Type 1 subfamily)

    • Gene

    • Not found

    • Sequence

    • VTCDLLSFKGQVNDSACAANCLSLGKAGGHCEKVGCICRKTSFKDLWDKYF

    • Sequence Length

    • 51

    • Protein Existence

    • Protein level

Activity Information

    • Biological Activity

    • Antimicrobial, Antibacterial

    • Target Organism

    • Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC15703, Bifidobacterium longum ATCC15707, Leuconostoc cremoris ATCC 19254, Lactobacillus spps, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spps

    • Hemolytic Activity

      • No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry

    • Cytotoxicity

      • Not included yet

    • Binding Target

    • Not found

Structure Information

    • Linear/Cyclic

    • Not included yet

    • N-terminal Modification

    • Not included yet

    • C-terminal Modification

    • Not included yet

    • Nonterminal Modifications and Unusual Amino Acids

    • Not included yet

    • Stereochemistry

    • Not included yet

    • Structure

    • Not found

    • Structure Description

    • Not found

    • Helical Wheel Diagram

    • DRAMP02994 helical wheel diagram

    • PDB ID

    • None

    • Predicted Structure

    • There is no predicted structure for DRAMP02994.

Physicochemical Information

    • Formula

    • C240H378N66O72S6

    • Absent Amino Acids

    • MP

    • Common Amino Acids

    • CKGL

    • Mass

    • 5532.4

    • PI

    • 8.3

    • Basic Residues

    • 8

    • Acidic Residues

    • 5

    • Hydrophobic Residues

    • 17

    • Net Charge

    • +3

    • Boman Index

    • -59.74

    • Hydrophobicity

    • -0.024

    • Aliphatic Index

    • 70.78

    • Half Life

      • Mammalian:100 hour
      • Yeast:>20 hour
      • E.coli:>10 hour

    • Extinction Coefficient Cystines

    • 7365

    • Absorbance 280nm

    • 147.3

    • Polar Residues

    • 20

DRAMP02994

DRAMP02994 chydropathy plot

Comments Information

    • Function

    • Found in royal jelly and in hemolymph, potent antibacterial protein against Gram-positive bacteria at low concentration.

    • Tissue specificity

    • High expression in head, hypopharyngeal gland, and mandibular gland. Low expression in thorax and thoracic salivary gland.

    • PTM

    • Contains three disulfide bonds 3-31; 17-36; 21-38 and Phenylalanine amide at F51.

Literature Information

  • ·Literature 1

    • Title

    • A potent antibacterial protein in royal jelly. Purification and determination of the primary structure of royalisin.

    • Reference

    • J Biol Chem. 1990 Jul 5;265(19):11333-11337.

    • Author

    • Fujiwara S, Imai J, Fujiwara M, Yaeshima T, Kawashima T, Kobayashi K.
  • ·Literature 2

    • Title

    • Two structurally different defensin genes, one of them encoding a novel defensin isoform, are expressed in honeybee Apis mellifera.

    • Reference

    • Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2005 Jan;35(1):11-22.

    • Author

    • Klaudiny J, Albert S, Bachanová K, Kopernický J, Simúth J.