General Information

    • DRAMP ID

    • DRAMP03122

    • Peptide Name

    • Anopheles gambiae defensin (DEF-AAA; Insects, animals)

    • Source

    • Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito)

    • Family

    • Belongs to the invertebrate defensin family (Type 1 subfamily)

    • Gene

    • Def1

    • Sequence

    • ATCDLASGFGVGSSLCAAHCIARRYRGGYCNSKAVCVCRN

    • Sequence Length

    • 40

    • Protein Existence

    • Protein level

Activity Information

    • Biological Activity

    • Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+

    • Target Organism

      • Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus strain 21 (IC90=6.25 µg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus strain 4 (IC90=6.25 µg/mL).
      • T1=100 mg/kg, T2>100 mg/kg.
      • T1, dose causing the first signs of toxicity on mice. T2, lethal dose.

    • Hemolytic Activity

      • No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry

    • Cytotoxicity

      • Not included yet

    • Binding Target

    • Not found

Structure Information

    • Linear/Cyclic

    • Not included yet

    • N-terminal Modification

    • Not included yet

    • C-terminal Modification

    • Not included yet

    • Nonterminal Modifications and Unusual Amino Acids

    • Not included yet

    • Stereochemistry

    • Not included yet

    • Structure

    • Combine helix and strand structure

    • Structure Description

    • Global fold has a N-terminal loop L1, followed by a helix and a two-stranded antiparallel β-sheet forming the CSab motif.

    • Helical Wheel Diagram

    • DRAMP03122 helical wheel diagram

    • PDB ID

    • 2NY8 resolved by NMR.

    • Predicted Structure

    • There is no predicted structure for DRAMP03122.

Physicochemical Information

    • Formula

    • C170H275N57O52S6

    • Absent Amino Acids

    • EMPQW

    • Common Amino Acids

    • AC

    • Mass

    • 4141.76

    • PI

    • 8.94

    • Basic Residues

    • 6

    • Acidic Residues

    • 1

    • Hydrophobic Residues

    • 13

    • Net Charge

    • +5

    • Boman Index

    • -55.24

    • Hydrophobicity

    • 0.23

    • Aliphatic Index

    • 66

    • Half Life

      • Mammalian:4.4 hour
      • Yeast:>20 hour
      • E.coli:>10 hour

    • Extinction Coefficient Cystines

    • 3355

    • Absorbance 280nm

    • 86.03

    • Polar Residues

    • 20

DRAMP03122

DRAMP03122 chydropathy plot

Comments Information

    • Function

    • Responsible for the anti Gram-positive activity of immune hemolymph and proves to be efficient against sensitive

    • strains as against resistant and multi-resistant strains.

    • Developmental stage

    • In larvae, transcript is enhanced 4 hours after the bacterial infection, increases up to 12 hours post inoculation and declines by 24 hours and by 30 hours returns to background levels. In adult female, expression is evident by 18 hours after infection. Constitutively expressed in both early and late pupae.

    • Induction

    • By bacterial infection.

    • PTM

    • Contains three disulfide bonds 3-30; 16-36; 20-38.

Literature Information

  • ·Literature 1

    • Title

    • Inducible immune factors of the vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae: biochemical purification of a defensin antibacterial peptide and molecular cloning of preprodefensin cDNA.

    • Reference

    • Insect Mol Biol. 1996 Aug;5(3):203-210.

    • Author

    • Richman AM, Bulet P, Hetru C, Barillas-Mury C, Hoffmann JA, Kafalos FC.
  • ·Literature 2

    • Title

    • Rational design of peptides active against the gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus.

    • Reference

    • Proteins. 2008 Jul;72(1):229-239.

    • Author

    • Landon C, Barbault F, Legrain M, Guenneugues M, Vovelle F.