• • DRAMP ID

  • DRAMP03648

• • Peptide Name

  • Gallinacin-1 (Gal-1; Beta-defensin 1; Birds, animals)

• • Source

  • Gallus gallus (Chicken)

• • Family

  • Belongs to the beta-defensin family

• • Gene

  • GAL1

• • Sequence

  • GRKSDCFRKSGFCAFLKCPSLTLISGKCSRFYLCCKRIWG

• • Sequence Length

  • 40

• • UniProt Entry

  • P46156,Q09MK1,Q6B9W7,Q6GXJ4

• • Protein Existence

  • Protein level

• • Biological Activity

  • Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-, Antifungal

• • Target Organism

  • • Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli ML-35;
    • Gram-positive bacterium: Listeria monocytogenes.
    • Yeast: Candida albicans.

• • Hemolytic Activity

  • • No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry

• • Cytotoxicity

  • • Not included yet

• • Binding Target

  • Not found

• • Linear/Cyclic

  • Not included yet

• • N-terminal Modification

  • Not included yet

• • C-terminal Modification

  • Not included yet

• • Nonterminal Modifications and Unusual Amino Acids

  • Not included yet

• • Stereochemistry

  • Not included yet

• • Structure

  • Bridge

• • Structure Description

  • Not found

• • Helical Wheel Diagram

  • 

• • PDB ID

  • None

• Predicted Structure

• There is no predicted structure for DRAMP03648.

DRAMP03648

• • Tissue specificity

  • Strong expression in the bone marrow, lung, testis. Moderate expression in the bursa and intestine. Low expression in the cloaca, gall bladder, brain and pancreas. Expressed in the vagina, ovarian stroma and the theca and granulosa layers of the ovarian follicle.

• • Developmental stage

  • Detected in the theca layer of the ovarian follicle in the white follicle (WF) stage, but decreases throughout the F1, F3, F5, and postovulatory follicle stages. Detected in the granulosa layer of the ovarian follicle in the white follicle (WF) stage, F1, F3, F5, and postovulatory follicle stages. In the vagina expression is higher in laying hens than in non-laying hens, and is higher in older laying hens than in young laying hens.

• • Induction

  • Induced in the theca layer of the F3 stage ovarian follicle by intravenous injection of LPS. Repressed in the granulosa layer of the F3 stage ovarian follicle by intravenous injection of LPS. Expression in cultured vaginal cells is increased by LPS and S.enteritidis. Expression in the kidney and liver is not affected by intravenous injection of LPS.

• • PTM

  • Contains three disulfide bonds 6-34; 13-28; 18-35.

• ·Literature 1

• • Title

  • Gallinacins: cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides of chicken leukocytes.

• • Pubmed ID

  • 8150085

• • Reference

  • FEBS Lett. 1994 Apr 11;342(3):281-285.

• • Author

  • Harwig SS, Swiderek KM, Kokryakov VN, Tan L, Lee TD, Panyutich EA, Aleshina GM, Shamova OV, Lehrer RI.

• ·Literature 2

• • Title

  • Effects of age, egg-laying activity, and Salmonella-inoculation on the expressions of gallinacin mRNA in the vagina of the hen oviduct.

• • Pubmed ID

  • 16394622

• • Reference

  • J Reprod Dev. 2006 Apr;52(2):211-218.

• • Author

  • Yoshimura Y, Ohashi H, Subedi K, Nishibori M, Isobe N.

• ·Literature 3

• • Title

  • Changes in the expression of gallinacins, antimicrobial peptides, in ovarian follicles during follicular growth and in response to lipopolysaccharide in laying hens (Gallus domesticus).

• • Pubmed ID

  • 17244739

• • Reference

  • Reproduction. 2007 Jan;133(1):127-133.

• • Author

  • Subedi K, Isobe N, Nishibori M, Yoshimura Y.