• • DRAMP ID

  • DRAMP03650

• • Peptide Name

  • Gallinacin-2 (Gal-2; Beta-defensin 2; Birds, animals)

• • Source

  • Gallus gallus (Chicken)

• • Family

  • Belongs to the beta-defensin family

• • Gene

  • GAL2

• • Sequence

  • LFCKGGSCHFGGCPSHLIKVGSCFGFRSCCKWPWNA

• • Sequence Length

  • 36

• • UniProt Entry

  • P46158,Q09MT0,Q0PWH3,Q6B9W8,Q6GXJ3

• • Protein Existence

  • Protein level

• • Biological Activity

  • Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Anti-Gram+, Anti-Gram-

• • Target Organism

  • • Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ML-35, Salmonella enteritidis;
    • Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes.

• • Hemolytic Activity

  • • No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry

• • Cytotoxicity

  • • Not included yet

• • Binding Target

  • Cell membrane

• • Linear/Cyclic

  • Not included yet

• • N-terminal Modification

  • Not included yet

• • C-terminal Modification

  • Not included yet

• • Nonterminal Modifications and Unusual Amino Acids

  • Not included yet

• • Stereochemistry

  • Not included yet

• • Structure

  • Beta strand (3 strands; 11 residues)

• • Structure Description

  • The three-dimensional NMR structure of chicken AvBD2 defensin displays the structural three-stranded antiparallel β-sheet characteristic of β-defensins. The surface of the molecule does not display any amphipathic character.

• • Helical Wheel Diagram

  • 

• • PDB ID

  • 2LG5,2LG6 resolved by NMR.

• Predicted Structure

• There is no predicted structure for DRAMP03650.

DRAMP03650

• • Tissue specificity

  • Expressed in circulating heterophil granulocytes and bone marrow (at protein level). Strong expression in the bone marrow, lung and testis. Moderate expression in the bursa and intestine. Low expression in the cloaca, gall bladder, brain, pancreas, trachea, air sacs and spleen. Expressed in the vagina, ovarian stroma and the theca layer of the ovarian follicle, but not in the granulosa layer of the ovarian follicle.

• • Developmental stage

  • Detected in the theca layer of the ovarian follicle in the white follicle (WF), F1, F3, F5, and postovulatory follicle stages. In the vagina expression is higher in laying hens than in non-laying hens, and is higher in older laying hens than in young laying hens.

• • Induction

  • Not induced in the ovarian follicle by intravenous injection of LPS. Expression in cultured vaginal cells is increased by LPS and S.enteritidis.

• • PTM

  • Contains three disulfide bonds 3-29, 8-23, 13-30.

• ·Literature 1

• • Title

  • Gallinacins: cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides of chicken leukocytes.

• • Pubmed ID

  • 8150085

• • Reference

  • FEBS Lett. 1994 Apr 11;342(3):281-285.

• • Author

  • Harwig SS, Swiderek KM, Kokryakov VN, Tan L, Lee TD, Panyutich EA, Aleshina GM, Shamova OV, Lehrer RI.

• ·Literature 2

• • Title

  • Direct screening identifies mature beta-defensin 2 in avian heterophils.

• • Pubmed ID

  • 19151352

• • Reference

  • Poult Sci. 2009 Feb;88(2):372-379.

• • Author

  • Kannan L, Rath NC, Liyanage R, Lay JO Jr.

• ·Literature 3

• • Title

  • Bioinformatic discovery and initial characterisation of nine novel antimicrobial peptide genes in the chicken.

• • Pubmed ID

  • 15148642

• • Reference

  • Immunogenetics. 2004 Jun;56(3):170-177.

• • Author

  • Lynn DJ, Higgs R, Gaines S, Tierney J, James T, Lloyd AT, Fares MA, Mulcahy G, O'Farrelly C.

• ·Literature 4

• • Title

  • Changes in the expression of gallinacins, antimicrobial peptides, in ovarian follicles during follicular growth and in response to lipopolysaccharide in laying hens (Gallus domesticus).

• • Pubmed ID

  • 17244739

• • Reference

  • Reproduction. 2007 Jan;133(1):127-133.

• • Author

  • Subedi K, Isobe N, Nishibori M, Yoshimura Y.

• ·Literature 5

• • Title

  • Effects of age, egg-laying activity, and Salmonella-i

• • Pubmed ID

  • 16394622

• • Reference

  • J Reprod Dev. 2006 Apr;52(2):211-218.

• • Author

  • Yoshimura Y, Ohashi H, Subedi K, Nishibori M, Isobe N.

• ·Literature 6

• • Title

• • Pubmed ID

  • 22205

• • Reference

  • J Biol Chem.

• • Author

  • Derache C, Meudal H, Aucagne V, Mark KJ, Cadène M, Delmas AF, Lalmanach AC, Landon C.